Novel Bludgeon shaped microstrip antenna with DGS for

UWB applications with notch band characteristics

Abstract: In this work, a novel Bludgeon shaped Microstrip Patch antenna with Defected
Ground Structure (DGS) is recommended for UltraWide Band (UWB) i.e., (3.1GHz – 10.6 GHz)
applications with Band Notch characteristics. The encouraged antenna is simulated and fabricated
using RT DURIOD 5880 substrate with epsilon value of 2.2 having the scale of 60X60X1.6 mm3.
The circular shaped patch is chosen with radius of 14mm and 50 Ω microstrip line feeding technique
is used for the simplicity of the design. The circular slots and circular shaped patch are delivered to
improve the radiation traits and overall performance of the recommended antenna. To acquire the
UWB frequency of operation Rectangular Defected Ground Structure (RDGS) is implemented in the
ground plane. Further, three Rectangular slots of different dimensions are etched to accomplish the
band notch configuration. The recommended antenna is simulated using 3D Electromagnetic
Simulation Tool CST MICROWAVE STUDIO Version16. The evolved antenna is tested using
MS46122B 20GHz Vector Network Analyzer. The effectiveness of the antenna is proven the usage
of the specifications like Return loss (S11), VSWR and simulated radiation patterns.
Keywords: Defected Ground Structure (DGS), UltraWide Band (UWB), Notch Band, Microstrip
line feed, CSTMWS and Vector Network Analyzer.

1. Introduction
The range of frequencies from 3.1- 10.6GHz is declared for commercial
operations of UWB by federal communication commission (FCC) [1]. Now days
the design and the development of UltraWide Band Systems have been gathered
attentions of many researchers in the communication system because of its
inevitable advantages like low cost, high data rate, simple hard ware configuration
and low power consumption in real applications. Moreover, there exist some
interference in the UWB systems due to the presence of some Narrow band
communication systems such as WLAN (5.15 GHz – 5.825 GHz), Wi-max
(3.3GHz-3.6GHz), European C-band (3.8-4.2 GHz) and X-Band Satellite
Communication Systems (7.25GHz-8.4 GHz). Hence, it's far vital to implement
notched UWB Antennas to avoid the interference from the present slender band
communication systems. To conquer this trouble numerous designs are applied
inside the literature like single notch and multi band notch UWB antennas. One of
the simplest methods of obtaining notch band characteristics is by introducing
different shapes of slots in the radiating patch of UltraWide band antennas.
 Recently double notch characteristics are created by embedding H-Shaped slots
[2], U shaped slots [3], T shaped slots [4], elliptical shaped slot [5], C-shaped slot
along pair of U shaped parasitic resonators [6], modified I shaped slot along
capacitive loading [7] two quasi-square radiating patches, split ring resonators
(SRRs)[8], CSRRs [9-10]and inserting parasitic elements of different shapes[11-
14].

A miniaturized Bludgeon shaped with DGS for twin band notched UWB
antenna is carried out on this letter. The Bludgeon formed radiating patch is used
to reduce the mutual coupling and to get most field strength in the specified
direction. The rectangular fashioned DGS is used to reap UWB operation. The
slots at the DGS are etched to get notch band traits. The proposed antenna is
suitable for surveillance systems, wireless body area networks (WBANs), sensing
and portable Internet of Things (IoT) applications in the UWB region. The
Simulated outcomes are furnished and as compared with measured values.

2. Antenna design
The geometry of the completed antenna is illustrated in fig1 together with
the design parameters. The technical specifications of the designed antenna are
tabulated in table-1.

a) Front View b) Rearview

Fig.1 Prototype of the implemented Antenna Table1.Specifications of the designed

antenna
Patch
Parameter r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 r6 r7
DIMENSIONS (in mm) 6 14 10 9.75 3 7.5 7
Substrate
PARAMETERS l b H
DIMENSIONS (in mm) 60 60 1.6
Ground Plane
PARAMETERS L B k P
DIMENSIONS (in mm) 48 33 1.79 1.3
 The recommended antenna is engraved on a RT 5880 substrate having a
dielectric constant (Ɛr)=2.2 and tangent loss of 0.078 with thickness of h=1.6 mm.
By using FR-4 substrate with Ɛr=4.3 the desired notch band characteristics are not
achieved so the proposed antenna is designed using RT 5880 substrate. The
recommended antenna is designed in the following steps. In step 1, a circular
patch of radius 14mm is designed along with a 60*60 mm2ground plane. The
radius of the radiating patch was evaluated using the equation-1:
𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑢𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑎=(87.94/ f r √ ε r )mm (1)
In step 2, the DGS is implemented on the ground plane and reduced from
60*60*0.2 mm3to 48*33*0.2 mm3. In step 3, the DGS has been further optimized
by etching two rectangular slots of dimensions 10*22 mm2 which are mirror
images and another rectangular slot of dimensions 1.3*1.7 mm2 has been etched
at the center of the DGS. In step 4, a circular slot of radius 3mm is taken out from
the circular patch and a segment of radius 14.21 mm removed from the top of the
circular patch and a circular shaped ring of outer and inner radii of 7.5 mm and 7
mm respectively is removed from the circular patch as a next step of optimization.
Further, the circular shaped conducting material with a radius of 6 mm is
integrated with the circular patch along two slots of dimensions 1.6*1.2 mm 2 are
implanted on the patch to join the circular ring and the circular patch and another
circular ring of radii 10 mm and 9.75 mm is removed from the patch. Mutual
coupling is reduced by choosing the ratio of the radius of the circular patch to the
width of the feed far greater than 1. By reducing mutual coupling, the excitation
energy is entirely transferred to the circular radiating patch and optimizing the
patch and DGS, the most field strength is radiated into free space. Fig.2 shows the
stepwise optimizations of the recommended antenna.

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Fig.2. Step wise optimization figures of the implemented antenna

3. Simulation and Measurement

The simulated return loss plot of optimization step-1 of the endorsed
antenna with 60 mm X 60 mm ground plane is proven in fig.3.The return loss of
-21.49dB is achieved at 15.05GHz frequency with bandwidth of 30MHz.
 Fig.3. S11 plot for the optimization step 1

To improve the operating frequency of the recommended antenna the

DGS with dimensions 48*33*0.2 mm3 is implemented in step-2. Fig 4 depicts
about the return loss plot of optimization step-2 with Rectangular DGS where the
minimum return loss is -21.98dB at a resonating frequency of 2.655 GHz and the
total operating frequency is from 2GHz-16GHz and the bandwidth is nearly
14GHz.

Fig.4. S11 plot for the optimization step 2

In 3th step, two rectangular shape slots are perforated on the partial ground
plane to obtain the band notch characteristics. Because of these two rectangular
slots dual band notch characteristics are achieved from 3.87GHz –
4.13 GHz and 4.9GHz – 5.25 GHz. The Simulated return loss plot of optimization
step-3 is depicted infig.5.

Fig.5. S11 plot for the optimization step 3

Further a small Rectangular slot is etched on the DGS and two more
rejections band are achieved at 5.43GHz – 5.61GHz and 5.85GHz – 6.92GHz
respectively. The simulated return loss plot with three rectangular slots on the
DGS is depicted in Fig. 6.

Fig.6. S11 plot for the optimization step 3

 In 4thstep of optimization, the circular shaped patch is optimized to get the
Bludgeon shape and the performance of the antenna is improved in such way that
the DGS may cause the reduction of the directivity and gain over the entire
bandwidth. To the uniform gain and directivity, the patch is optimized into
Bludgeon shape. The DGS cause the reduction of gain from 6.2 dBi to 2.574dBi.
The 3D-Radiation pattern with DGS is shown in fig. 7. The improved directivity
of 5.023dBi with Bludgeon shape is depicted in fig.8.

Fig.7. Radiation pattern of the designed antenna with DGS without Bludgeon shape.

Fig.8. Radiation pattern of the designed antenna with DGS with Bludgeon shape.
 To validate the simulated antenna results the antenna is fabricated the
usage of RT DURIOD 5880 with epsilon of 2.2 and tested the usage of
MS46122B 20 GHz Vector network Analyzer. The fabricated antenna is depicted
infig.9.

(a) FrontView (b) Back View

Fig.9. Fabricated Bludgeon shapedantenna

Fig.10 Measurement setup of the fabricated antenna with Network Analyzer

The dimension setup of the fabricated antenna arrangement with Vector

network Analyzer is proven in fig.10. The agreement between the simulated
results and fabricated results is fairly right over the frequency band of interest.
The return loss plot of fabricated antenna is shown in fig.11. The comparisons
between simulated and measured are tabulated indesk-2.
 Fig.11. S11 plot of the fabricated antenna

Table-2 depicts the comparison between the simulated antenna results and fabricated antenna
measured results.
Antenna Frequency (in GHz) S11 (in dB)
1.945 -36.03
Simulated Antenna 5.02 -23.49
8.845 -51.97
5.13 -19.74
Fabricated Antenna 3.71 -17.12
8.05 -40.0

4. CONCLUSION
In this letter a novel bludgeon shaped microstrip antenna is developed for
UWB notch band applications like satellite communication, amateur radio
communication and Radar applications. This band notched nature is very much
useful to reduce the mutual coupling between the nearby frequency wireless
operating systems. A simple circular patch gives return loss of -21.49dB at
15GHz with operating bandwidth of 30MHz which is enhanced by introducing
rectangular slotted DGS in the ground plane to UWB frequency range with notch
band operation. A novel modified circular ring slots called bludgeon shape is
introduced in the radiating patch to improve the radiation characteristics i.e.,
5.027dBi. The measured results show that there is very good agreement with
simulated results. The simulated results are estimated by using CSTMWS.
REFERENCES
[1] Federal Communications Commission. „Revision of Part 15 of the commission's rules
regarding ultra-wideband transmission systems. First report and order‟, ET Docket 98-
153, FCC 02-48.2002.1-118.
[2] Jaglan, N., S. D. Gupta, B. K. Kanaujia, and S. Srivastava, “Design and development of
efficient EBG structures-based band notched UWB circular monopole antenna”, Wireless
Personal Communication, Springer, May2017, 1–27.
[3] P. Beigi, J. Nourinia, B. Mohammadi and A. Valizade, “Bandwidth enhancement of small
square monopole antenna with dual band notch characteristics using U-shaped slot and
butterfly shape parasitic element on backplane for UWB applications”, Appl. Comput.
Electromagn. 2015, 30, 78.
[4] G. Gao, L. He, B. Hu and X. Cong, “Novel dual band-notched UWB antenna with t-shaped
slot and CSRR structure”, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 57 ,2015, 1584.
[5] A. H. Majeed, K. H. Sayidmarie, “UWB elliptical patch monopole antenna with dual-band
notched characteristics”, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
(IJECE), 2019, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 3591~3598.
[6] Mahmoud F. Habash, Anour S. Tantawy, Hany A. Atallah, and Adel B. Abdel-Rahman,
“Compact Size Triple Notched-bands UWB Antenna with Sharp Band-Rejection
Characteristics at WiMAX and WLAN Bands”, Advanced Electromagnetics, 2018, vol. 7,
no. 3, pp. 99-103.
[7] MuhibUr Rahman, Mahdi NagshvarianJahromi , Seyed Sajad Mirjavadi and Abdel Magid
Hamouda, “Compact UWB Band-Notched Antenna with Integrated Bluetooth for
Personal Wireless Communication and UWB Applications”, Electronics 2019, 8, 158.
[8] Ding, J., Lin, Z., Ying, Z., and He, S.” A compact ultra-wideband slot antenna with
multiple notch frequency bands‟, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., 2007, 49, (12), pp. 3056–
3060
[9] Tang Z, Lian R, Yin Y. “Differential-fed UWB patch antenna with triple band-notched
characteristics”, ElectronLett.2015, 51, 1728-1730.
[10] Vendik IB, Rusakov A, kanjanasit K,” Ultra wide band (UWB) planar antenna with
single-, dual-, and triple-band notched characteristic based on electric ring resonator”,
IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag Lett, 2017, 16, 1597–1600
[11] Z. Badamchi and Y. Zehforoosh, “Switchable single/dual band filtering UWB antenna
using parasitic element and t-shaped stub wave cancellers”, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. ,
2015, 57, 2946.
[12] Y. Zehforoosh and T. Sedgi, “An Improved CPW-Fed Printed UWB Antenna with
Controllable Band-notched Functions”, J. Comm. Eng. 5, 2016, 38.
[13] Kim KH, Park SO,” Analysis of the small band rejected antenna with the parasitic strip for
UWB”, IEEETrans. Antenna Propag. 2006, 54(6), 1688-1692.
[14] Rafique U, Ali SA.” Ultra-Wideband Patch Antennafor K-Band Applications”
TELKOMNIKA IndonesianJournal of Electrical Engineering. 2014, 12(12).