Jernel M.

Josue January 19, 2018

BSEE-III MWF 9:30-10:30

Latent Heat

Latent heat is thermal energy released or absorbed, by a body or a thermodynamic

system, during a constant-temperature process — usually a first-order phase transition.

Summary

 All phase changes…

o take place at a specific temperature and for a given pressure.
o take place without a change in temperature. (There is no temperature
change during a phase change.)
o involve changes in internal potential energy.
o release or absorb latent heat.
 Endothermic phase changes absorb heat from the environment.
(They are cooling processes.)
 Exothermic phase changes release heat to the environment. (They
are warming processes.)
 The specific latent heat (L) of a material…
o is a measure of the heat energy (Q) per mass (m) released or absorbed
during a phase change.
o is defined through the formula Q = mL.
o is often just called the "latent heat" of the material.
o uses the SI unit joule per kilogram [J/kg].
 There are three basic types of latent heat each associated with a different pair of
phases.

  solid-liquid liquid-gas solid-gas

latent heat of… fusion vaporization sublimation

boiling,
endothermic
melting, liquefaction* evaporation, sublimation
phase changes
vaporization

crystallization,
exothermic condensation,
freezing, fusion, deposition
phase changes liquefaction*
solidification

melting point, boiling point, sublimation point,

temperature
freezing point dew point frost point
https://physics.info/heat-latent/summary.shtml

Heat absorbed or released as the result of a phase change is called latent heat. There
is no temperature change during a phase change, thus there is no change in the kinetic
energy of the particles in the material. The energy released comes from the potential
energy stored in the bonds between the particles.

 exothermic (warming processes)

o condensation
 warmer in the shower
 steam radiators
o freezing
 orange growers use ice to stop oranges from freezing
o deposition
 snowy days are warmer than clear days in the winter
 endothermic (cooling processes)
o evaporation/boiling
 sweat
 alcohol is "cool"
o melting
 melting ice in drinks
o sublimation
 cooling with dry ice

Tb (℃ Lf (kJ/k Lv (kJ/k

elements Tm (℃)
) g) g)

aluminum 660 2519 397 10,900

argon −189 −186 29.5 161

bismuth 271 1564 54.0 723

bromine (Br2) −7 59 132 375

chlorine (Cl2) −102 −34 181 576

copper 1084 2562 209 4730

gold 1064 2856 63.7 1645

helium n/a −269 3.45 20.7

hydrogen (H2) −259 −253 59.5 445

iron 1538 2861 247 6090

krypton -157 -153 16.3 108

lead 327 1749 23.0 866

lithium 181 1342 432 21,200

mercury −39 357 11.4 295

neon −249 −246 16.8 84.8

nickel 1455 2913 298 6430

nitrogen (N2) −210 −196 25.3 199

oxygen (O2) −219 −183 13.7 213

plutonium (ε) 640 3228 11.6 1370

silicon 1414 3265 1790 12,800

silver 962 2162 105 2390

sodium 98 883 113 4240

sulfur 115 445 53.6 1400

tin 231 2602 59.2 2490

titanium 1668 3287 296 8880

tungsten 3422 5555 285 4390

uranium 1135 4131 38.4 1750

zinc 420 907 112 1890

Tb (℃ Lf (kJ/k Lv (kJ/k

compounds Tm (℃)
) g) g)

alcohol, ethyl −130 78    

alcohol, methyl −97 64.7    

ammonia −77.7 −33.3    

butane −138.4 −0.5 80.2  

carbon dioxide n/a n/a 571 205

ethane −172 −89 95.1  

freon 12, −30 ℃ −158 −29.8   166.2

freon 12, 0 ℃ −158 −29.8   152.8

freon 12, +30 ℃ −158 −29.8   136.3

methane −182 −164 58.4 112

propane −188 −44.5 80.1  

water, 0 ℃ 0 100 334 2501

water, 25 ℃ 0 100   2441

water, 100 ℃ 0 100   2258

wax, beeswax 62      

Tb (℃ Lf (kJ/k Lv (kJ/k

foods Tm (℃)
) g) g)

butter 32~35      

lard 41      

margarine, table 34~37      

margarine,
38~43      
bakery

oil, cocoa butter 34      

oil, coconut 24      

−20?
oil, corn      
−15?
 oil, olive −6      

oil, palm ~35      

oil, peanut 3      

−16?
oil, soya      
−13?

shortening,
44~50      
vegetable

sugar, fructose 104      

sugar, glucose 146      

sugar, sucrose 186      

Sensible Heat

 is heat exchanged by a body or thermodynamic system in which the exchange

of heat changes the temperature of the body or system, and some macroscopic
variables of the body or system, but leaves unchanged certain other macroscopic
variables of the body or system, such as volume or pressure.

Q = mcΔT
Q = heat evolved (+ heat absorbed, − heat released) [J]
m = mass [kg]
c = specific heat capacity [J/kg℃ or J/kgK]
∆T = temperature change [℃ or K]

https://physics.info/heat-sensible/summary.shtml