FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

HBSC1203_V2
BIOLOGY 1: BASIC OF LIFE
SEMESTER MAY 2019

TITTLE
DIGESTION IN HUMANS DIFFERS FROM DIGESTION IN RODENTS AND
ACTIVITY IMPLICATION OF DIET ON DIGESTION

Name : Malarvily a/p Rathakrishnan.

No.matrik : 960411085466001.

NRIC : 960411085466.

No.Tel : 0125241357

Learning Centre : IPOH LEARNING CENTRE.(LIM BOH SENG)

DIGESTION IN HUMANS DIFFERS FROM DIGESTION IN RODENTS

ITRODUCTION
Absorption is the mechanical and synthetic breakdown of sustenance, a procedure
required for survival. Without the ability to separate sustenance into atoms little enough
to enter the circulation system, a living beings vitality levels would not bolster life. In
people and creatures, platelets must keep up a steady supply of vitality for development,
fix, and propagation. This vitality is determined through ingested nourishment that is
separated to a usable structure through absorption. The stomach related framework
resembles a since quite a while ago, prolonged cylinder. This is the manner in which the
procedure of absorption happens. The sustenance goes into the mouth, bit, and afterward
gulped to be mellowed more in the stomach, in anticipation of assimilation and retention.
In the stomach, the bit nourishment interacts with gastric juices that contain certain
compounds that follow up on various sorts of sustenance. Remember however that about
10% processing happens in the stomach. A short time later, the nourishment goes into the
small digestion tracts where the majority of the processing happens. The initial segment
of the small digestion tracts has openings or channels from various secretory organs, for
example, the nerve bladder and the pancreas. These organs produce different catalysts
and liquids that help break down different segments of nourishment, for instance, bile is
discharged from the liver to the nerve bladder for capacity. At the point when fat is taken
in, the bile is discharged into the small digestive organs to help break down the fat into
little parts. After the majority of the water is ingested, the remaining is transformed into
waste and goes into the digestive organs for further water assimilation, until such time
that it is discharged outside. Individuals don't have any specific compartments in the
stomach related framework since we are viewed as omnivores, which means we can eat
both meat and vegetable or organic product plants. This implies all the help organs in our
body have an exceptional capacity to perform for our body.
Since you got the significant focuses about human processing, you need to realize that
people have real contrasts in the structure of the stomach related framework with
different creatures, for instance, a rodent.

DIGESTION IN HUMAN
The human stomach related framework comprises essentially of the stomach related tract
or the arrangement of structures and organs through which sustenance and fluids go
during their preparing into structures absorbable into the circulation system. The stomach
related tract starts at the lips and finishes at the butt. It comprises of the mouth, or oral
cavity, with its teeth, for pounding the sustenance, and its tongue, which serves to work
nourishment and blend it with salivation; the throat, or pharynx; the throat; the stomach;
the small digestive system, comprising of the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum; and
the internal organ, comprising of the cecum, a shut end sac associating with the ileum, the
climbing colon, the transverse colon, the plummeting colon, and the sigmoid colon,
which ends in the rectum. Organs contributing stomach related juices incorporate the
salivary organs, the gastric organs in the stomach covering, the pancreas, and the liver
and its assistants—the gallbladder and bile pipes. These organs and organs add to the
physical and compound separating of ingested sustenance and to the inevitable end of
nondigestible squanders.
Their structures and capacities are depicted well ordered in this area.
1. MOUTH
The foremost opening of the wholesome channel is the mouth. It prompts a buccal hole or
oral depression, where teeth, tongue and salivary organs are available. Here, ingestion,
rumination, and gulping of sustenance happen. In people, there is an aggregate of 32
changeless teeth. There are four distinct kinds of teeth, to be specific, incisors, canines,
premolars, and molars. This assistance in the biting of nourishment.
2. STOMACH
The throat prompts a sac-like organ called the stomach. It is a solid, empty organ, having
a limit of 1 liter. The stomach holds sustenance and furthermore is a blender and
processor. It secretes solid acids and amazing compounds that help during the time spent
separating of sustenance. Sustenance is for the most part in a fluid or glues consistency
when it leaves the stomach..
3. SMALL INTESTINE
The small digestive tract is a long cylinder, which freely curls in the belly region. Here,
catalysts from the pancreas and liver further separate the nourishment. Three portions
make up the small digestive organs, which are the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The
constrictions of the small digestive tract help in the development of nourishment,
alongside its breakdown, subsequent to blending with the stomach related discharges. The
jejunum and ileum zones of the small digestive system are in charge of the ingestion of
nourishment into the blood, however their villi.
4. PANCREAS,LIVER AND GALL BLADDER
These organs additionally assume a huge job in the human stomach related framework.
The pancreas secretes catalysts which help in the breakdown protein, fat, and sugar. The
liver secretes bile and rinses and purges the blood originating from the small digestive
system. The gallbladder stores the bile that the liver produces. It discharges bile into the
small digestive system to help in the assimilation procedure.
5. LARGE INTESTINE
The internal organ is a long solid cylinder that has various parts, which are caecum,
colon, and rectum. The waste that is left over after processing of nourishment, achieves
the rectum through the peristaltic developments of the colon.

DIGESTIVE PROCESS OF HUMAN

 Ingestion

 Motility

 Secretion

 Digestion

 Absorption

 Excretion
DIGESTION IN RODENT
1.MOUTH
The primary technique of the stomach related arrangement of a rodent is the mouth which
bites nourishment into particles enabling it to enter through the throat.. The mouth
additionally utilizes stomach related juices which is spit ,to limit the size of the
nourishment expended ( what rodent's eat)
2.ESOPHAGUS
the throat enables the nourishment particles to enter through long cylinders past the
esophageal sphincter to the stomach, while the gulping procedure starts, the sustenance
will end up automatic.
3.PANCREAS
The pancreas produces catalysts stomach related juices to separate glucose, starches fats
and proteins from the nourishment and secretes to the duodenum, the principal division of
the small digestive tract.
4.LIVER
The liver produces juices called bile ( stomach related fat ). The liver enables the bile to
store fat and diminish it into watery minerals from the digestive tract, so the pancreas and
digestive tract can process the fat particles to the nerve bladder however for rodents
( cecum )

5.STOMACH
For the rodent, their sac-like structures are kept for ingested sustenance separating
nourishment into little particles. Chemicals ( stomach related juices ) help the procedure
of t separating sustenance and discharging it to the small digestive system.
6.SMALL INTESTINE
The small digestive system is partitioned into three sections duodenum, jejunum, and
ileum. These portions of the small digestive system separate sustenance from proteins
discharged by the pancreas and bile ( stomach related fat ) from the liver. When the
supplements are assimilated the left-over nourishment substance makes a trip through to
the internal organ ( Colon).
7.LARGE INTESTINE
The Colon ( digestive organ) associates the small digestive tract to the rectum and it
capacities wastage of outstanding bile from the small digestive tract to the colon in the
fluid structure at that point changes into a strong structure. When the colon is loaded with
dung the colon secretes it's substance to the rectum.
8.CAECUM
Is a pouch that rat's have to store their excess bile and food particles before it enters
through the rectum.
9.RECTUM
The rectum interfaces the colon to the rear-end. The rectum's main responsibility is to
send messages to the mind if the ( rodent ) will need to discharge it's excrement or not.
This proceeds if the sphincter contracts and it leaves the rectum for convenience.
10. ANUS
The butt is the last procedure of the stomach related tract. It is a channel that recognizes
rectum substance once it infiltrates. It decides if the substance is strong, fluid or gas
( flatulates). Rodents have pyloric sphincter so their pyloric muscles separate the stool
from leaving if it's redundant.

THE IMPLICATION OF DIET ON DIGESTIVE PROCESS

The Stomach related Framework keeps running from the mouth to the butt and
incorporates the stomach, the enormous and small digestive organs and various
adornment organs, including the salivary organs, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The job
of the stomach related framework is to transform nourishment and fluid into the structure
hinders that the body needs to work viably. To do this it creates and uses an assortment of
catalysts and different substances that guide assimilation (separating sustenance to littler
particles).
Sustenance takes around two hours to go through the stomach, two hours to go through
the small digestive system and 20 hours through the internal organ and into the rectum;
the length of the stomach related cylinder from the mouth to butt is 9 meters by and large.
Around seven liters of liquid is emitted by the stomach related framework and its frill
organs every day. Note that the words 'digestive tract' and 'gut' are tradable. At the point
when the framework works accurately, sustenance is separated with the goal that
supplements can be retained and undesirable items discharged. When at least one of the
elements of the stomach related framework come up short, side effects and ailment can
create
There are a wide range of procedures which add to a working and viable stomach related
framework:
 Ingestion (placing nourishment in your mouth)
 Mechanical processing (biting and sustenance being stirred inside the stomach
related tract)
 Concoction assimilation (stomach related chemicals and substances separating
nourishment)
 Ingestion (particles going from the stomach related framework into the body)
 Making and passing stools (defecation)

SUMMARY
The stomach related framework begins functioning when the nourishment contacts the
lips and is ingested. The different organs cooperate to run this hardware. The nerves and
hormones control the activities of the interior organs. There are mechanical and synthetic
procedures that work all the while to process the sustenance and give vitality to the body.
Every one of the means in this procedure is essential and significant for this machine to
keep running in a solid way.
People don't have any particular compartments in the stomach related framework since
we are considered as omnivores, which means we can eat both meat and vegetable or
organic product plants. This implies all the help organs in our body have an exceptional
capacity to perform for our body.
Since you got the significant focuses about human absorption, you need to realize that
people have real contrasts in the structure of the stomach related framework with
different creatures, for instance, a rodent.
A rodent stomach related framework has 2 noteworthy contrasts with that of a human. To
begin with, rodents don't have a gallbladder. This is on the grounds that they once in a
while take in a lot of greasy nourishments, along these lines, making a gallbladder futile.
Besides, rodents have a developed internal organ, in particular, the cecum. This causes
them to age the grains and seeds they take in, through the assistance of the microscopic
organisms inside in this manner, separating cellulose into supplements.
Finally by this assesment we did learn basic infomation about the digestive within human
and rodent.
1.The stomach related framework is an indispensable part for vitality generation and
extraction of supplements in the nourishment we eat.
2. A human's stomach related framework is compared to one lengthened cylinder, with
various parts that have essential tasks to carry out in processing or engrossing
nourishment.
3. A rodent's stomach related framework contrasts from that of a human stomach related
framework in two different ways: it doesn't have a gallbladder and it has an expanded
cecum or internal organ.
ACTIVITY : LEARN ABOUT IMPLICATION OF DIET ON DIGESTION

We began with my favorite.....BrainPOP. The video on the Digestive System has quite
recently enough data to give the children a fundamental comprehension of how
everything functions. While they were watching, I made them mark a little image of the
framework in their science diaries.
PURPOSE OF ACTIVITY
This movement will show your children the rudiments of how their stomach functions
and is incredible for preschool and rudimentary science understudies, however to be
reasonable my center schooler snickered the same amount of at the outcomes.
What we need for this activity:
 a balloon
 vegetable oil
 white vinegar
 a piece of bread or handful of oatmeal
What we do:
- Pour a couple of drops of the oil into the balloon and rub the balloon between your
hands so the oil lines within the balloon. Tip the balloon topsy turvy so any additional oil
will trickle out.
- Eat off and drop into the balloon, OR, drop around 15 oats into the balloon
- Pour around 1 tbsp of the white vinegar into the inflatable, you may require more in the
event that you include more nourishment.
- Squish the balloon around for a moment or thereabouts. At that point cautiously begin at
the fattest piece of the inflatable and press up. Request that your children depict what
turns out.
What we get:
In this trial imagine the balloon is your human stomach. Your stomach contains corrosive
that enables separate the nourishment you to eat so your body can get the supplements it
needs from the sustenance. Since we would prefer not to work with genuine stomach
corrosive (net!) we are going to utilize white vinegar, which is as yet a corrosive however
not so solid (or gross!) as stomach corrosive. Since stomach corrosive is so solid your
stomach has a coating to ensure it, we reproduced this by emptying the oil into the
balloon. Your stomach covering isn't generally produced using vegetable oil, it's produced
using mucous (twofold gross!) yet the oil lines within the balloon a similar way the
mucous lines your stomach.
Because the balloon isn’t part of a real human we’ll drop the food into the stomach and
pretend it got there by being swallowed. When the food gets to the stomach the acid starts
doing it’s thing! Your stomach is a big muscle so when the food reaches it, it will contract
and release so it can swish the acid around, and you’re doing the same thing by squishing
the balloon around your fingers.
What happens when you squish the substance out of the balloon? The nourishment is
broken up! This is actually what your stomach does before passing the nourishment along
to your small digestive tract. The small digestive tract is the organ that reviews and
ingests the supplements in the nourishment, however, it can't do that with a major piece
of sustenance. Your stomach's responsibility is to split the sustenance up into minor
pieces so when it moves to the small digestive tract those supplements are prepared to be
ingested and utilized by your body!

Picture shows of balloon,vegetable oil,oatmeal and white vinegar

REFRENCES
 Essays, UK. (November 2018). Explanation Of The Digestive System And
Associated Diseases Biology Essay. Retrieved from
https://www.ukessays.com/essays/biology/explanation-of-the-digestive-system-and-
associated-diseases-biology-essay.php?vref=1
 ttp://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_The_Structure_and_Func
tion_of_the_Digestive_System

accessed date : 17/10/16-21/10/16

 Ballard, C. (1997). The stomach and digestive system. Austin, TX: Steck-Vaughn.
 Morrison, B. (2001). The digestive system. New York, NY: The Rosen Publishing
Group.
 Taylor, T. (2013). Digestive system. Inner Body. Retrieved on February 22, 2014.
Retrieved from: http://www.innerbody.com/image/digeov.html