ATTITUDE: Meaning

An attitude is a positive; negative or mixed evaluation of an object that

is expressed at some level of intensity. It is an expression of a favorable
or unfavorable evaluation of a person, place, thing or event. Social
psychologists use the term attitude differently. Social psychologists have
given various definitions of the concept
According to Gordon Allport, “An attitude is a mental and neural state
of readiness, organized through experience, exerting a directive or
dynamic influence upon the individual’s response to all objects and
situations with which it is related.”
Jung's definition of attitude is a "readiness of the psyche to act or react in
a certain way".[9] Attitudes very often come in pairs, one conscious and
the other unconscious. Within this broad definition Jung defines several
attitudes.
NATURE OF ATTITUDE

1. Attitude are a complex combination of things we tend to call

personality, beliefs, values, behaviors, and motivations.
2. An attitude exists in every person’s mind. It helps to define our
identity, guide our actions, and influence how we judge people.
3. Although the feeling and belief components of attitude are internal
to a person, we can view a person’s attitude from his or her
resulting behavior.
4. Attitude helps us define how we see situations, as well as define
how we behave toward the situation or object.
5. Attitude provides us with internal cognitions or beliefs and
thoughts about people and objects.
6. Attitude cause us to behave in a particular way toward an object or
person.
7. Attitudes are simply expressions of much we like or dislike various
things.
8. Attitudes represent our evaluations, preferences or rejections based
on the information we receive.
9. Attitude may be defined as ‘an enduring predisposition or
readiness to react or behave in a particular manner to a given
object or situation, idea, material or person’.

Overt behavior or nature of people is determined not only by what

they would like to do but also by what they think they should do, by
what they are used to doing, and by the consequences which they
anticipate. That is, social norms, peer expectations, established habits,
expected consequences, and situational factors also influence one's
behaviour. Attitudes are facilitative causes, but their strength may not
always be sufficient to overcome the forces produced by other
variables such as, for example, social pressure: A boy may be fond of
cricket and yet not go to witness a match in town, because it coincides
with his father's death anniversary. When there are no conflicts,
however, between attitudes and other factors, attitudes are reasonably
good predictors of behaviour.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ATTITUDE

Affective Cognitive consistency: The degree of consistency between

the affective and cognitive components influences the attitude—
behavior relationship. That is, the greater the consistency between
cognition and evaluation, the greater the strength of the attitude-behavior
relation.
Strength: Attitudes based on direct experience with the object may be
held with greater certainty. Certainty is also influenced by whether affect
or cognition was involved in the creation of the attitude. Attitudes
formed based on affect are more certain than attitudes based on
cognition
Valence: It refers to the degree or grade of likeliness or unlikeliness
toward the entity/incident. If a person is fairly unconcerned toward an
object then his attitude has low valence.
Direct Experience: An attitude is a summary of a person’s past
experience; thus, an attitude is grounded in direct experience predicts
future behavior more accurately. Moreover, direct experience makes
more information available about the object itself.
Multiplicity: It refers to the amount of features creating the attitude. For
example, one may show interest in becoming a doctor, but another not
only shows interest, but also works hard, is sincere, and serious.
Relation to Needs: Attitudes vary in relative to requirements they serve.
Attitudes of an individual toward the pictures serve only entertainment
need but attitudes of an employee toward task may serve strong needs
for security, achievement, recognition, and satisfaction
Attitudes are the complex combination of things we tend to call
personality, beliefs, values, behaviors, and motivations. It can fall
anywhere along a continuum from very favorable to very unfavorable
.All people, irrespective of their status or intelligence, hold attitudes. An
attitude exists in every person’s mind. It helps to define our identity,
guide our actions, and influence how we judge people. Although the
feeling and belief components of attitude are internal to a person, we can
view a person’s attitude from his or her resulting behavior.
Attitude helps us define how we see situations, as well as define how we
behave toward the situation or object. It provides us with internal
cognitions or beliefs and thoughts about people and objects. It can also
be explicit and implicit. Explicit attitude is those that we are consciously
aware of an implicit attitude is unconscious, but still, have an effect on
our behaviors.
 Attitudes cause us to behave in a particular way toward an object or
person. An attitude is a summary of a person’s past experience; thus, an
attitude is grounded in direct experience predicts future behavior more
accurately. It includes certain aspects of personality as interests,
appreciation and social conduct. It indicates the sum total of a man’s
inclinations and feelings.
An attitude is a point of view, substantiated or otherwise, true or false
which one holds towards an idea, object or person. It has aspects such as
direction, intensity, generality or specificity. It refers to one’s readiness
for doing Work. It may be positive or negative and may be affected by
age, position, and education.
Conclusion
Attitude may be defined as a feeling or disposition to favor or to be
against objects, persons, and situations.

It is a well-defined object of reference. It may be defined as ‘an enduring

predisposition or readiness to react or behave in a particular manner to a
given object or situation, idea, material or person’.

It describes and evaluates the action with respect to an object or a

situation, with each belief having a cognitive effect and behavioral
components.

Each of these beliefs is a predisposition that results in some preferential

response towards the object or the situation.

Actually, it is frequently used in describing people and explaining their

behavior. For example- “I like her attitude”, “He has a good attitude”
etc. Actually, it is characterized by the tendency to feel and behave in a
particular way toward some object.
BIBILIYOGHAPHY
1. Wikipedia
2. Gktoday.In/Gk/
3. Yourarticlelibrary.Com/Organization/
4. Social Psychology – Morgans And King
5. Introduction Of Psychology- R A Baron
6. Quora.com
7. universalteacherpublications.com