AR 17-44 BUILDING SERVICES -1 (WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION)

SESSION 2
19/02/2020

INTAKES
QUANTITY OF WATER
Rate of demand
Design period
Population
INTAKE
 TYPES OF INTAKE STRUCTURES

Intakes are classified under three categories:

Category 1:
Submerged intake
Exposed intake
Category 2:
Wet intake
Dry intake
Category 3:
River intake
Reservoir intake
Lake intake
Canal intake
CANAL INTAKE
RESERVOIR INTAKE
RESERVOIR INTAKE
RESERVOIR INTAKE
RIVER INTAKE
RIVER INTAKE
LAKE INTAKE
TOWER TYPE INTAKES

DRY TYPE INTAKES

TOWER TYPE INTAKES

WET TYPE INTAKES

TOWER TYPE INTAKES
SUBMERGED INTAKE
PORTABLE OR MOVABLE INTAKE
(q) (V)
(P) 365
DESIGN PERIODS FOR DIFFERENT COMPONENTS IN A WATER SUPPLY SCHEME
TYPES OF WATER DEMAND
DOMESTIC WATER DEMAND
DOMESTIC WATER DEMAND
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL WATER DEMAND
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL WATER DEMAND
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL WATER DEMAND
DEMAND FOR CIVIC OR PUBLIC USE
FIRE DEMAND
 FIRE DEMAND

In a town or city having a population

of say 30 lakhs, if it is assumed that

four fires may break out in a day and

each fire may last for say 3 hours, the

discharge of each stream is about

1100 litres per minute;

then the total quantity of water

required to meet the fire demand:

 LOSS AND WASTE OF WATER

LOSS AND WASTE OF

WATER

THEFT THROUGH
LEAKAGE IN MAINS, WORN OR DAMAGED MISCELLANEOUS
METER SLIPPAGE UNAUTHORISED
VALVES, FITTINGS METER REASONS
WATER CONNECTIONS

The various factors which affect the losses and wastage of water and the measures to
reduce them are:
 LOSS AND WASTE OF WATER

The various factors which affect the losses and wastage of water and the
measures to reduce them are:

Water
Tightness of
Joints

Pressure in
the
Distribution
System

System of
Supply of
Water

Metered or
Unmetered
Water Supply

Unauthorised
Water
Connections
PER CAPITA PER DAY DEMAND
RATES OF DEMAND OF WATER FOR INDIAN TOWNS OR CITIES WITH DIFFERENT
POPULATION
VARIATIONS IN WATER DEMAND
TYPICAL LAYOUT OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES
CURVE OF POPULATION GROWTH
 METHODS OF POPULATION FORECASTING

1. ARITHEMETIC INCREASE

2. GEOMETRIC INCREASE

3. INCREMENTAL INCREASE

4. CHANGING RATE OF INCREASE

5. GRAPHICAL METHOD

6. COMPARITIVE OR CURVILINEAR METHOD

7. DECREASING RATE OF GROWTH OR DECLINING GROWTHMETHOD

8. LOGISTICS METHOD

9. ZONING METHOD

10. RATIO AND CORRELATION METHOD

 ARITHEMETIC INCREASE METHOD

This method is based on

the assumption that the
population increases at a
constant rate;
i.e. dP/dt=constant=k;
Pt= P0+kt. This method is
most applicable to large
and established cities.
 GEOMETRIC INCREASE METHOD

This method is based on

the assumption that the
percentage increase in
population from decade If the present population is P and the average
percentage growth is IG the population at the
to decade remains end of n decade will be:
constant.
In this method the
average percentage of
growth of last few
decades is determined;
the population
forecasting is done on the
basis that percentage
increase per decade will
be the same.
 GEOMETRIC INCREASE METHOD
Forecast the population of example 1 by means of geometrical increase method.

The population at the end of various decades shall be as follows: