DONE

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Antifungal Activity of Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) Gel Extract Against Yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
MANDAUE CITY SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ALOE VERA (Aloe barbadensis miller) GEL EXTRACT
AGAINST YEAST (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
LIFE SCIENCE A
Montalban, Ritz Jann R.
Villanueva, Jesse Ray A.
Madrigal, Maribeth S.
Montesa, Frency Hara M
10 – Aristotle
Mrs. Rachell Ann Bala

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APPROVAL SHEET
I have examined the researchers’ research proposal entitled Antifungal Activity of Aloe
Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) Gel Extract Against Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). I am
satisfied with the revisions made and thus approve the proposal.
RACHELL ANN BALA
Research Adviser
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ABSTRACT
The antifungal or inhibitory activity of Aloe barbadensis miller gel extract was analyzed
and evaluated against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a fungus that does not produce toxins which are
harmful to humans or animals, however, it is capable of producing what are known as “killer
toxins” that are fatal to other yeasts that can affect humans or animals. Aloe Vera was the most
convenient and abundant antifungal extract the researchers can use for the research. The
researchers aim to learn the effectiveness of Aloe Vera gel extract against the fungi in different
concentrations. Results conclude the higher the concentration of the Aloe Vera gel extract, the
higher is its zone of inhibition. The inhibitory effect on the pathogen with the maximum zone of
inhibition was found on the Aloe Vera gel extract with the highest concentration.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The research would not be made possible without the guidance of our God, Almighty and
the help of the people around us.
To our co-researchers, our parents and friends, we give you our sincerest gratitude for
playing a great role in giving us the tenacity to continue this research. Advices given by the
mentioned people has shaped the successful outcome that was to be made in the research.
We would like to extend our gratitude to our research adviser, Mrs. Rachell Ann Bala for
the unending support and invaluable guidance she had offered along the way of making the
research. Her willingness to teach her students and with the help of the perseverance of the
group, the research was made a success.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page 1
Approval Sheet 2
Abstract 3
Acknowledgment 4
Table of Contents 5
CHAPTERS:
Chapter I 6
Chapter II 11
Chapter III 16
Chapter IV 21
Chapter V 23
BIBLIOGRAPHY 24
APPENDICES:
Appendix I 25
Appendix II 26
Curriculum Vitae 27
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CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM: RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND
Rationale
Aloe barbadensis miller commonly known as Aloe Vera is a succulent plant species of
the genus Aloe. It originates from the Arabian Peninsula but grows wild in the tropical climates
around the world and is cultivated for agricultural and medicinal uses. Aloe Vera gel contains
powerful antioxidants which belong to a large family of substances known as polyphenols.
Polyphenols act as antioxidants. They protect cells and body chemicals against damage caused
by free radicals, reactive atoms that contribute to tissue damage in the body.
Polyphenols can also inhibit the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Most
Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains are harmless but some can cause food poisoning, infections
and other health problems. If someone will take antibiotics too often or use oral birth control,
one’s body might start to grow too much yeast. This often leads to gas, bloating, mouth sores,
bad breath, a coating on your tongue, or itchy rashes. If one’s immune system isn’t at its best,
yeast can overgrow in the body. Babies, older people, and those with diseases like diabetes or
HIV infection can have weakened immune systems. Chemotherapy for cancer and steroids can
zap your immune system, too. Sjogren’s syndrome, which affects your immune system, can raise
your risk of yeast infection Diseases due to Saccharomyces cerevisiae represent a critical
problem to human health. They are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. The resistance developed by the fungus to various antibiotics restricts the choice of
antibiotics for therapies.

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Antifungal resistance is a serious threat to mankind because of the infection causing
fungi has become multidrug resistant. This adds urgency to the research for new infection
fighting strategies. In recent years, the antifungal properties of the medicinal plants are being
increasingly reported from different parts of the world. Therefore, researchers have turned their
attention to plants to develop better drugs against fungal infections.
The researchers have decided to use Aloe Vera that is abundant to tropical countries
such as Philippines to have a proper and sustainable accessibility while conducting the research
in addition, Aloe Vera is relatively common in multiple hygienic products; soap, shampoo and
the likes.
This study aims to determine if Aloe Vera extract has antifungal properties against
Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Statement of the Problem
This study will be conducted to assess the antifungal activity of Aloe Vera (Aloe
barbadensis miller) against Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Specifically the study sought to answer the following questions:
a. Will the gel extract of Aloe Vera be able to kill the fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
b. At what rate does Aloe Vera extract kill Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
Research Objectives
This study will aim to determine the following objectives:

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• To find the effectiveness of Aloe Vera extract as an antifungal based on the rate at which
it extinguishes the fungus.
• To examine the antifungal activity of Aloe barbadensis miller gel extract against
Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Hypotheses
Alternative Hypothesis:
There will be significant difference between the antifungal agent and agent-
causing fungi.
Null Hypothesis:
There will be no significant difference between the antifungal agent and agent-
causing fungi.
Significance of the Study
The findings of this study will result to the benefit of society considering that people use
hygienic products that have antifungal properties for their daily use. The greater demand for the
said products implies that more resources will be needed to create such products, specifically, the
antifungal agent in each product. Thus, factories or companies that may adopt the findings
derived from the results of the study may use the undistinguished effectiveness of Aloe Vera
(Aloe barbadensis miller) as an alternative antifungal agent for their products. For the
researchers, the study may help them uncover the critical potential of Aloe Vera that the other
researchers may not have been able to explore.

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Scope and Limitations
The study is limited in specific parameters such as the study’s:
Content – The study focuses on the antifungal properies of aloe vera as an antifungal agent.
Subject – the study will use the succulent plant, aloe vera.
Time – the study will be conducted in a week period.
Place – the production will be carried out in the laboratory of the researcher.
Definition of Terms
• Antifungal -a property of a substance that is used to prevent fungal growth.
• Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) - a succulent plant species of the genus Aloe. A
gelatinous substance obtained from a kind of aloe, used especially in cosmetics as an emollient
and for the treatment of burns.
• Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) - a microscopic fungus consisting of single oval cells
that reproduce by budding, and are capable of converting sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide.
• Zone of Inhibition- it is the cellar area without any presence of growth surrounding the
filter paper and correlates to the sensitivity of bacterium to an antibiotic.

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Theoretical Framework
Independent Dependent Variable Control Variable Experimental

Variable Variable
The effect of The different

The Aloe Vera Aloe Vera gel extract The zone of
gel extract gel extract gel to concentration inhibition of
applied to Saccharomyces applied to the Saccharomyces
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. pathogen. cerevisiae.
cerevisiae.
According to R.J. Malar et al. (2012) reported in their study that Aloe Vera is used to
treat stomach ailments, gastrointestinal problems, skin disease, constipation, radiation injury in
flammable effect and diabetes.
(Davis, 1997) concentrated extracts of Aloe Vera are used as laxative and as a
hemorrhoid treatment.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Antifungal properties on plants
Plants and plant products have been used as medicines since the star of history. Many
researchers have conducted research on the plant products to check their antifungal effects (Abu-
shanab et al., 2004). The use of plant extracts and phytochemicals both with known antifungal
properties is of great significance, in the past few years a number of investigations have been
conducted worldwide to prove antifungal activities from medicinal plants. (Alonzo-Paz et al.,
1995) (Nascimento et al., 1990).
The extensive utilization of plants in the medical field has been very beneficial to the
constant development of effective medicines particularly those which are mainly derived from
plants. The bioactive compounds present in various extracts of plants are continuously being
studied all across the globe for more acquisition of therapeutic treatments against a wide array of
diseases principally on disease causing fungi. In line with this, numerous discoveries have been
made. For instance, studies have revealed the antifungal activities of the gel and leaf of Aloe
Vera against a wide range of fungi (Agarry et al., 2005). Similarly, bearberry and cranberry juice
have been widely utilized for their ability in treating urinary infections. Plant species such as
lemon balm, garlic and tea tree are recognized as broad-spectrum antifungal agents (Rios and
Recio, 2005). The aforementioned findings are only some of the cases that exhibit the potent
potentials of plants against several fungal infections.
With the feasible results of the use of plants against different diseases, World Health
Organization has tightened its policy and its support even more on the use of medicinal plants
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and products. The discovery of penicillin paved the way to the discovery and production of other
antibiotics such as streptomycin, aureomycin and chloromycetin. The same goes with the
discovery of the antifungal properties found in plants which led to the intensive interest to further
study the phytochemicals present in plants in order to develop plant derived antibiotics.
Furthermore, the main groups of antifungal compounds from plants which are called secondary
metabolites such as alkaloids, steroids, tannins, and phenol compound (Ciocan et al, 2007) have
been the most effective phytochemicals against fungi.
B. Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) as an antifungal succulent plant
Aloe barbadensis miller, sabila as it is locally known, is a succulent plant species of the
genus Aloe. It originates from the Arabian Peninsula but grows wild in the tropical climates
around the world and is cultivated for agricultural and medicinal uses. Aloe Vera gel contains
powerful antioxidants which belong to a large family of substances known as polyphenols.
Polyphenols act as antioxidants. They protect cells and body chemicals against damage caused
by free radicals, reactive atoms that contribute to tissue damage in the body.
Polyphenols can also inhibit the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Most
Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains are harmless but some serotypes can cause serious food
poisoning in their hairs, and are occasionally responsible for product recalls due to food
contamination. Other infections or diseases it can cause are diarrhea, urinary tract infection
(UTI) and pneumonia. Diseases due to Saccharomyces cerevisiae represent a critical problem to
human health. They are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The
resistance developed by the fungi to various antibiotics restricts the choice of antibiotics for
therapies. (Berger, A. et al., 2017)

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R.J. Malaret al. (2012) reported in their study that Aloe Vera I used to treat stomach
ailments, gastro intestinal problems, skin disease, constipation, radiation injury, inflammatory
effect and diabetes. Concentrated extracts of Aloe Vera are used as laxative and as a hemorrhoid
treatment. (Davis, 1997)
C. Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Yeasts are eukaryotic single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus
kingdom. The first yeast originated hundreds of millions of years ago, and 1,500 species are
currently identified. They are estimated to constitute 1% of all described fungal species. Yeasts
are unicellular organisms that evolved from multicellular ancestors, with some species having
the ability to develop multicellular characteristics by forming strings of connected budding cells
known as pseudohyphae or false hyphae. Yeast sizes vary greatly, depending on species and
environment, typically measuring 3–4 µm in diameter, although some yeasts can grow to 40 µm
in size. Most yeasts reproduce asexually by mitosis, and many do so by the asymmetric division
process known as budding. (Kurtzman CP, Piškur J, 2006).
Yeasts, with their single-celled growth habit, can be contrasted with molds, which grow
hyphae. Fungal species that can take both forms (depending on temperature or other conditions)
are called dimorphic fungi ("dimorphic" means "having two forms").
The yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae converts carbohydrates to carbon dioxide
and alcohols a process known as fermentation. For thousands of years the carbon dioxide has
been used in baking and the alcohol in alcoholic beverages. It is also a centrally important model
organism in modern cell biology research, and is one of the most thoroughly researched
eukaryotic microorganisms. Researchers have used it to gather information about the biology of
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the eukaryotic cell and ultimately human biology. Other species of yeasts, such as Candida
albicans, are opportunistic pathogens and can cause infections in humans. Yeasts have recently
been used to generate electricity in microbial fuel cells, and produce ethanol for the biofuel
industry.
Yeasts do not form a single taxonomic or phylogenetic grouping. The term "yeast" is
often taken as a synonym for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but the phylogenetic diversity of yeasts
is shown by their placement in two separate phyla: the Ascomycota and the Basidiomycota. The
budding yeasts ("true yeasts") are classified in the order Saccharomycetales, within the phylum
Ascomycota. (Walker K, Skelton H, Smith K, 2002)
D. Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing
As characterized by Dr. T.V. Rao, it is a laboratory test that measures the effectiveness
of antibiotic rectifier upon a fungal infection. It is used in determining the local pattern of
prescribing antibiotic and it is mainly for presenting the change trend in the local isolates.
Methods include the following: obtaining a fungal sample, selecting antibiotics to be prescribed
based on the type of the fungi and lastly, obtaining a control sample from fungal sample. After
the World Health Organization committee had the standardized disk diffusion susceptibility test
it was then called Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. The Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) updates and modifies the original procedure of Kirby-Bauer through a global consensus
process in order to maintain the uniformity of the technique and reproducibility of results.
Interpretative guidelines for zone sizes are included in their publications. This represents the
standard for performing susceptibility testing of American Society for Microbiology. The
pathogenic organism is grown on sterile agar in the presence of various antifungal impregnated
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filler paper disks. Through this, zone of inhibition is determined and basically the only standard
test that will be utilized for this research study.

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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A. Research Locale
The research study will be done within the premises of Mandaue City Science
High School and around Mandaue City.
B. Research Design
This research will be an Experimental quantitative study. This will deal with the
effectiveness of antifungal properties of Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) against
Saccharomyces cerevisiae in which will be performed at Mandaue City Science High School.
Trials
C1 1 2 3
C2 1 2 3
C3 1 2 3
Legend:
C - Concentration
C1-( 2mL of Aloe vera Extract and 6mL distilled water)
C. Materials and Methods
C.1.1 Producing the Aloe Vera Gel Extract

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The materials that will be needed to produce Aloe Vera gel extract are Aloe
Vera Leaves, this can be found in the neighborhood of Mandaue and many other places in Cebu,
Philippines. Other materials are distilled water for cleansing, sterile knife, mortar and pestle.
C.1.2 Culturing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fungi
The materials that will be used to culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungi are
inoculating loop for cultivating microbes, bunsen burner for sterilization, nutrient agar or other
alternatives like old coconut and petri dishes for storage.
C.1.3 Preparation of Different Concentrations
The materials needed will be 3 vials for storage, 50 mL bottle of distilled water,
graduated cylinder for measuring the Aloe Vera gel extract.
C.1.4 Preparation of Inoculum
The material that will be needed are sterile saline solution and the inoculating
loop.
C.1.5 Paper Disc Method
The materials needed will be agar plates and sterile disks.
C.1.6 Disposal of Culture Medium
The material needed will be a casserole for sterilizing the nutrient agar.
C.1.7 Determination of Antifungal Activity
The materials needed will be glass ruler for measuring and the different
concentrations of Aloe Vera gel extract.

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C.2. Procedures
C.2.1 Collection of Aloe Vera Leaves
Leaves of Aloe Vera will be collected from the houses of in and around Mandaue City,
Cebu, Philippines.
C.2.2. Extraction of Aloe Vera Gel
Mature, healthy and fresh leaves of A. Vera will be washed in running tap water for 5
minutes and rinsed with sterile distilled water, then will be dissected longitudinally and the
colourless parenchymatous tissue (Aloe Vera Gel) will be scraped using a sterile knife without
the fibers. The gel will be grounded using the mortar and pestle.
C.2.3. Culturing of fungi
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a fungus usually grow best in environments that are
slightly acidic. Part of the reason Saccharomyces cerevisiae is commonly used in scientific
research is that it is easy to grow in a lab.
First, the researchers have to sterilize the inoculating loop by placing it in the flame of
the bunsen burner. Pass the lower half of the loop through the flame until it glows red. Allow the
loop to cool. You can touch it to the sterile agar on the plate to make sure it has cooled down. Do
not place the loop on the table or let it contact anything other than sterile agar or the decided
culture. Now that it has been sterilized. Dip the loop into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture
and then remove it. Open the agar plate and gently glide the loop back and forth across the
surface of one section of the agar. Take care to not scratch through the agar with the loop. The
agar provides the nutrients the Saccharomyces cerevisiae need to grow.
Place the loop in the bunsen burner flame again to sterilize it. Once the loop rod cools,
touch it to a sterile section streak. This second streak is a divided version of the first streak.
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Repeat this sterilization and gliding process until several sections of the agar plate have been
glided over. The reason to do this is so the researchers can later pick from single, clonal
colonies-not too much concentrated (which will have too much growth, and not allow you to
pick from a single colony) and not too dilute (Which would give no colonies).
Sterilize the loop in the flame one last time before putting it aside in the work area. Put the
top back onto the agar plate. Turn the plate upside down and place it into the incubator for set to
37 degrees Celsius. This ideal incubation temperature simulates the temperature of the human
body where Saccharomyces cerevisiae reside. Within 24 hours to 48 hours, visible colonies of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungi will appear in the agar plate.
C.2.4 Preparing the Inoculum
Twenty-four hours culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae will be obtained. The
microorganism will be inoculated on tubes using inoculating loop.
C.2.5 Paper Disc Method
Nutrient agar will be cooled to 50-55C. The cooled medium will be poured to the
individual sterile petri dishes. Inoculum of test fungi which is comparable to the standard will be
swabbed uniformly on solidified sterile agar plates using sterile cotton swab. Different
concentration of extracts (25%, 50% and 75%) will be prepared by diluting the crude extracts
with distilled water. The sterile disks of 6 mm diameter will be soaked to the prepared extract.
The soaked disks will be placed on the swabbed plates aseptically using sterile forceps. Forceps
will be sterilized by soaking it in 80% ethanol and will be passed unto flame. Known antifungal
such as Clotrimazole was introduced to the plates after the preceding procedure. Diameters of the
inhibition zone by the extract and the known drug will be compared.
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All procedures will be done in three trials with three replicates at the Senior High
Science Laboratory, Mandaue City Science High School, Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines.
C.2.6 Disposal of Culture Medium
All inoculated plates were then disposed by decontamination process. It was conducted
by sterilizing the nutrient agar with fungi in autoclave for 121 degrees Celsius for 15 minutes.
C.2.7 Determination of Antifungal Killing
Different concentration of A. Vera gel extract will be subjected to antifungal studies.
Pure fungal culture will be obtained from Mandaue City Science School Laboratory, Mandaue
City. A fungal culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae will be maintained in nutrient agar medium
at room temperature and will be sub-cultured into newly prepared nutrient agar slants. Antifungal
activity will be carried out by disc diffusion method against selected pathogen. The Aloe Vera
gel extracts were used for bioassay against bacteria. Sterile discs with 6mm diameter will be
loaded with 1, 2, and 3 mL of gel extracts and will be introduced into the sterile medium with the
test organisms. Antifungal activity will be evaluated by measuring the zone of inhibition. A glass
ruler or a ruler will be used to measure the zone of inhibition. We will measure the diameter of
the circular zone and after, we will find the circumference. All the process will be repeated thrice
and results will be recorded.
D. Analysis of Data
One-way ANOVA test will be used to determine the significant difference between
the antifungal agent and agent-causing fungi.

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CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The following tables show the results of the antifungal activities of the extracts. These
antifungal activities were assessed in terms of zone of inhibition of the fungal growth.
Table 1: Anti-Fungal Activity of Aloe Vera gel Extracts (Trial 1)
Name of Pathogen Zone of Inhibition in cm.

25% 50% 75%
Saccharomyces 0.63 cm 1.10 cm 1.19 cm
cerevi

25% 50% 75%
cerevi

25% 50% 75%
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cerevi
Aloe Vera gel extract screened for the antifungal activity against a human pathogen and
the result is given in Tables above. The antifungal activity has been observed in the Aloe Vera
gel extract against the tested fungi with varied concentration. The maximum zone of inhibition of
1.19 cm was observed. All three different concentrations (25 % 50% and 75%) gel extracts of
Aloe Vera showed the inhibitory effect on the pathogen with the maximum zone of inhibition in
the highest concentration. The results showed that the activity of extracts of Aloe Vera gel
extracts significantly affect the growth of fungi on yeast.
Aloe Vera gel extracts have polyphenols that act as antioxidant benefits that can be use in
protect cells and body chemicals against damage caused by free radicals, reactive atoms that
contribute to tissue damage in the body. These polyphenols that are found in the Aloe Vera gel
extract help in the antifungal activities of the extract.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Based from the result presented, it was found that the Aloe Vera gel extract does have a
potential antifungal activities that was tested on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungi. The
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researchers can conduct more studies to evaluate more the extract. The antifungal effect of this
study was solvent dependent. It is hoped that this study would lead to the establishment of some
compounds that could be used to formulate new and more potent antimicrobial drugs of natural
origin. Studies are in progress to identify the bioactive compound and to evaluate the
mechanisms of action of A. Vera gel extracts on some organisms associated with human
diseases. The researcher’s study may aid to establish which naturally sourced compounds can be
used to formulate new and more potent antifungal agents against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The
problem of increasing microbial resistance has made it prudent to identify natural antimicrobial
compounds. The phytochemical composition of the Aloe Vera plant should be studied further
using different extraction methods, which may result in better antifungal effects.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bankole MA, Shittu LA, Ahmed TA, Bankole MN, Shittu RK, Kpela T, et al.(June 10, 2007)
Synergistic antifungal activities of phytoestrogens in crude extracts of two sesame species
against some common pathogenic microorganisms. Retrieved from NCBI.

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Kedarnath, Kaveri, M , Vishwanath , B (October 2013) Antifungal Activity of Aloe Vera Leaf
Extract, Retrieved May 18,2016 from Research Gate.
Malar, R.J., Johnson ,M, Beaulan, N, Laju, R.S., Anupriya, G, et al. (2012, March 03) Anti-
Fungal and Anti-fungal Activity of Aloe Vera Gel Extract. Retrieved from International Journal
of Biomedical and Advance Research.
Ribnicky DM, Komarnytsky S, Ilic N, Poulev A, Borisjuk N, Brinker A, et al. (December 20,
2002) Plants and human health in the twenty-first century. Retrieved from NCBI.
Tepe B, Daferera D, Sökmen M, et al. (March 10,2004) In vitro antifungal and antioxidant
activities of the essential oils and various extracts of Thymus. Retrieved from PubMed.
Walker K, Skelton H, Smith K (2002). "Cutaneous lesions showing giant yeast forms of
Blastomyces dermatitidis". Journal of Cutaneous Pathology.
Kurtzman CP, Piškur J (2006). "Taxonomy and phylogenetic diversity among the yeasts". In
Sunnerhagen P, Piskur J (eds.). Comparative Genomics: Using Fungi as Models.
Pillai U, Devasahayam J, Kurup AN, Lacasse A. Invasive Saccharomyces cerevisiae infection: A
friend turning foe?.Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2014;25:1266-9
APPENDIX I
DOCUMENTATION
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APPENDIX II
STATISTICAL TREATMENT
Table 4: ANOVA Single Factor
25% 50% 75%

Trial 1 0.63 0.76 1.19
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Trial 2 0.76 1.01 1.1

Trial 3 0.63 0.94 1.01
Circumference of the Zone of Inhibition of Each Treatment (cm)
Table 5
Summary
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
0.25 3 2.02 0.673333 0.005633
0.5 3 2.71 0.903333 0.016633
0.75 3 3.3 1.1 0.0081
ANOVA
Source of SS df MS F P-value F-crit
Variation
Between 0.273622 2 0.136811 13.51592 0.005993 5.143253
groups
Within 0.060733 6 0.010122
groups
Total 0.334356 8
CURRICULUM VITAE
RITZ JANN R. MONTALBAN

Basak Deca 5, Lapu-Lapu City
Philippines, 6015
Contact no. 09064126438
E-mail address: ritzmontalban@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA:
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Date of Birth : December 20 2003

Place of Birth : Cebu City
Age : 16
Civil Status : Single
Sex : Male
Religion : MCGI
Father : N/A
Mother : Rima Montalban
Siblings : Ritzel Montalban
Jannel Montalban
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
Secondary: Mandaue City Science High School
Ibabao-Estancia, Mandaue City
Kindergarten and Primary: University of San Carlos North Campus
St. Augustine Intenational School
AWARDS / ACHIEVEMENTS:
KINDERGARTEN
 Third Honor
 Best in English
 Most Diligent
 Most Behave
PRIMARY
Grades 1-6
 First Honorable
 Most Inspiring
 Best in English
 Best in Computer
CURRICULUM VITAE
JESSE RAY A. VILLANUEVA

Saberon Apt., E. Aguirre St., Pilit, Cabancalan, Mandaue City, Cebu
Philippines, 6015
Contact no. 09175524521
E-mail address: jesseray.villanueva13@gmail.com
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PERSONAL DATA:
Date of Birth : May 13, 2004
Place of Birth : Kahuku, Hawaii, USA
Age : 15
Sex : Male
Religion : LDS
Father : David Villanueva
Mother : Charmaine Villanueva
Siblings : Jared Villanueva
John Villanueva
Josiah Villanueva
Julia Villanueva
Kindergarten and Primary: Cabancalan 1 Elementary School
University of Southern Philippines Foundation
Achievers Special Education Center
KINDERGARTEN
 Best in Math
 Best in Communication Skills
 Completed with honors
PRIMARY
Grades 1-6
 DSPC Editorial Cartooning- participant
 CDU Science Quiz bowl 3rd place
 MTAP Elimination Grade 6- 2nd place
 MTAP Division Grade 6-1st place
 MTAP Regionals Grade 6-4th place
SECONDARY
 With honors from Grade 7-9
 MTAP Elimination Grade 9-2nd place
 Science and Math Quiz Bowl Grade 7-3rd Place
 Science and Math Quiz Bowl Grade 9-2nd Place
 Science and Math Quiz Bowl Grade 10-3rd Place
 MRT 3 Robotics-Champion
 French Singing Idol Grade 9-2nd Place
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MARIBETH S. MADRIGAL
Purok6B San Antonio Village, Cubacub, Mandaue City
Cebu, Philippines, 6014
Contact no. 09324217365
E-mail address: maribethsabellano.madrigal@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA:
Date of Birth : August 17, 2004
Place of Birth : Jagobiao, Mandaue City
Age : 15
Sex : Female
Religion : Roman Catholic
Father : Robert B. Madrigal
Mother : Marina S. Madrigal
Sibling : John Niño S. Madrigal
Kindergarten and Primary: Canduman Elementary School
Canduman, Mandaue City, Cebu
KINDERGARTEN
 Second Honors
 Most Cooperative
PRIMARY
Grades 1-6
 Most Neat and Clean
 Most Courteous
 With honors (from Grades 2-6)
 On-the-spot Sports Writing Contest- Participant
 DSPC Sports Writing- Participant
 DSPC Photo Journalism- Participant
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SECONDARY
 Chess Team Girls Runner Up (from Grades 7-9)
 Active GSP
OTHERS
 Best in Arts (HFK)
 Best in Memory (HFK)
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FRENCY HARA M. MONTESA

Purok Miracle Fruit, Yati, Liloan, Cebu
Philippines, 6002
Contact no. 09751881895
E-mail address: frencyhara18@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA:
Date of Birth : January 18, 2003
Place of Birth : Well-Family Consolacion, Cebu
Age : 17
Sex : Female
Religion : Roman Catholic
Father : Eduardo M. Montesa
Mother : Josie M. Montesa
Sibling : Freya Amor M. Montesa
Kindergarten and Primary: Yati, Elementary, School
Yati, Liloan, Cebu
KINDERGARTEN
 First Honors
 Best in Math
 Best in English
 Most Responsible
PRIMARY
 Grades 1-6
 First Honors
 Division Math Challenge – 1st place
 Area Math Challenge – Participant
P a g e | 34
 Division Read-A-Thon – 1st place

 Area Read-A-Thon – 3rd place
 Division Spelling Bee – 1st place
 Area Spelling Bee – 1st place
 Division Science Quiz Bowl – 2nd place
 Division Festival of Talents – 1st place
 District Meet (Table Tennis) – 1st place
 District Meet (DLC) – 1st place
 Most Responsible
 Most Diligent
 Most Trustworthy
 Best in English
 Best in Filipino
 Best in Math
 Best in Science
 Best in Religion
SECONDARY
Grade 8  Most Industrious
Grade 9  With Honors
Grade 10 ASEAN quiz – 5th place

DONE

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Page |1

MANDAUE CITY SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL

ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ALOE VERA (Aloe barbadensis miller) GEL EXTRACT

AGAINST YEAST (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

Montalban, Ritz Jann R.

Villanueva, Jesse Ray A.

Montesa, Frency Hara M

Mrs. Rachell Ann Bala

RACHELL ANN BALA

the help of the people around us.

group, the research was made a success.

THE PROBLEM: RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND

powerful antioxidants which belong to a large family of substances known as polyphenols.

Polyphenols can also inhibit the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Most

antibiotics for therapies.

Antifungal resistance is a serious threat to mankind because of the infection causing

attention to plants to develop better drugs against fungal infections.

Statement of the Problem

barbadensis miller) against Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Specifically the study sought to answer the following questions:

b. At what rate does Aloe Vera extract kill Saccharomyces cerevisiae?

This study will aim to determine the following objectives:

it extinguishes the fungus.

Significance of the Study

researchers may not have been able to explore.

Scope and Limitations

The study is limited in specific parameters such as the study’s:

Time – the study will be conducted in a week period.

• Antifungal -a property of a substance that is used to prevent fungal growth.

and for the treatment of burns.

• Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) - a microscopic fungus consisting of single oval cells

filter paper and correlates to the sensitivity of bacterium to an antibiotic.

Independent Dependent Variable Control Variable Experimental

The effect of The different

flammable effect and diabetes.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. Antifungal properties on plants

1995) (Nascimento et al., 1990).

potentials of plants against several fungal infections.

been the most effective phytochemicals against fungi.

B. Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) as an antifungal succulent plant

powerful antioxidants which belong to a large family of substances known as polyphenols.

Polyphenols can also inhibit the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Most

therapies. (Berger, A. et al., 2017)

treatment. (Davis, 1997)

C. Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

Yeasts are eukaryotic single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus

process known as budding. (Kurtzman CP, Piškur J, 2006).

are called dimorphic fungi ("dimorphic" means "having two forms").

The yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae converts carbohydrates to carbon dioxide

Ascomycota. (Walker K, Skelton H, Smith K, 2002)

D. Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing

test that will be utilized for this research study.

High School and around Mandaue City.

effectiveness of antifungal properties of Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) against

C1-( 2mL of Aloe vera Extract and 6mL distilled water)

C2-( 4mL of Aloe vera Extract and 4mL distilled water)

C3-( 6mL of Aloe vera Extract and 2mL distilled water)

C. Materials and Methods

C.1.1 Producing the Aloe Vera Gel Extract

C.1.2 Culturing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fungi

alternatives like old coconut and petri dishes for storage.

C.1.3 Preparation of Different Concentrations

graduated cylinder for measuring the Aloe Vera gel extract.