AGE PROBLEM

-algebra problems that deal with the ages of people currently, in the past or in the future.

-when solving this problems, you need to represent the following in terms of a variable:

 Present ages of the people or things involved

 The age, at the other specified time, of the people or things involved.

NOTE: The difference of the ages of two persons is CONSTANT.

PRINCIPLES IN AGE PROBLEMS

- if x is the age of Peter now:

 His age 5 years ago is x−5

 His age 7 years hence is x +7

MIXTURE PROBLEMS

CASE I: Adding two solutions.

- suppose we have a container with A liters with x% solution. Adding B liters with y% solution to
the container will result to (A+B) liters with z% solution.

CASE II: Removing solution in a given solution in a container.

- suppose we have a container with A liters with x% solution. Removing B liters with y% solution
in the container will result to (A – B) liters with z% solution.

WORK PROBLEMS

RATE ANALYSIS

1
- if a man can finish a certain job in x days, then his rate of work per days is Rate=
x
Let’s assume we have two men working (pipes, machines, etc): Man A and Man B

Man A can finish a job in x hours when working alone. Man B can finish a job in y hours when working
alone. The number of hours they need to complete the job when they’re both working at the same
1
z=
time is given by: 1 1
+
x y
1 1 1 1 1
Rate of Work per day when the two men working together is
x y z x y (
+ = or + ( z ) =1 )
NOTE: z is the number of works or days man A and man B finished the work together.

Rate of work per day is also known as the Combined-Rate Analysis.

In general, if there are n men working together and if they complete it in z days, then
1 1 1 1
+ + …+ =
x1 x 2 xn z

MAN-HOUR ANALYSIS

- multiply the number of men working in a job to the time they will take to finish the job
together

Sample Problem for Man-Hour Analysis

20 men can cute 30 trees in 4 hours. If 4 men leave the job, how many trees will be cut in 6 hours?

Solution

(20)( 4) (16)(6)
=
(30) x
x=36
MOTION PROBLEMS

- Uniform Motion Formula – object is moving at a constant velocity or having no acceleration

Distance Traveled ( D )=Velocity of Object ( v ) ×Time( t)

CASE I: Distance covered when moving with the wind.

D=( v o+ v w )(t)

Where: v o = velocity of object; v w = velocity of wine

CASE II: Distance covered when moving against the wind

D=(v o−v w )(t)

CASE III: Distance between two objects travelling at the same time in opposite directions

D=d A +d B

Where: d A =distance covered of object A; d B= distance covered of object B

CASE IV: Distance between two objects travelling at the same time in the same direction.

CLOCK PROBLEMS

Things to remember in solving clock problems:

1. The movement if the hour (short hand in a clock)

2. The movement of the minute hand (long hand in a clock)
3. The relationship of the two hands of clock.
 x
- If the minute hand moves a distance of x , the hour hand moves
12
x x
-If the second hand move a distance x , the minute hand moves and the hour hand move
60 720
-In 12 hours, the minute-hand and the hour hand of the clock overlap each other for 11 times (not 12
times). So, in one day, they will be together for 22 times.

-Each five minute mark is subtends an angle of 30 ° from the center of the clock

To solve for the number of minutes if given the reference angle and the required angle

2
t min = (∠ Ref ±∠ Req)
11
NOTE: One minute space = hands at 6° ; 30 minute space = hands opposite each other

DIGIT PROBLEMS

GIVEN: TWO-DIGIT NUMBER

THE NUMBER IS: 10 t+u t - tens digit u-units digit

REVERSED: 10 u+t

SUM OF DIGITS : t + u

PRINCIPLES IN DIGIT PROBLEMS

For a three digit number:

Let h = hundred’s digit

t = ten’s digit
u= units digit
The number is: 100 h+10 t+u

The reversed number is: 100 u+10 t+ h

The sum of the digits is: h+t +u

NUMBER PROBLEMS