Bahasa Inggris (EAP I Science Education) by EAP I Teaching Team

VOCABULARY: What are the forces around us?

Down
1. The force exerted by a surface as an
object moves across it or makes an effort to
move across it
2. A quantity that has both magnitude and
direction
6. The speed of something that is moving in
a certain direction

Across
3. A push or pull upon an object resulting from the
object's interaction with another object.
4. The power or power contained in a moving object
5. The force with which the earth, moon, or other
large object attracts another object towards itself.
7. Moving around in circle
8. The force that is transmitted through a string,
rope, cable or wire when it is pulled

READING: What is the best title for the text?

Read the passage and answer the questions that follow by choosing option a, b, c, or d.
Sir Isaac Newton formulated 3 physical “laws” that became the basis for classical
mechanics. Through these laws he describe the relationship of forces, objects, and motion. For
three centuries this has been the foundation for understanding motion and physical force systems.
Since force is the fundamental concept of Dynamics, we must give a clear definition of this
concept before we proceed with Newton's Laws. A force is defined (very practically) as a push or a
pull. Of course, we experience forces all the time in everyday lives. Whenever we lift something,
push something or otherwise manipulate other objects, we are exerting a force. A force is
a vector quantity, as it has both a magnitude and a direction.
Basically, vector is can be changed in magnitude and direction. Let us show vector quality
of a force practically. When we exert a force, for example pushing a crate, we can change the
magnitude of our force by pushing harder or softer. We can also change the direction of our force,
as we can push it one way or another. Since a force is a vector, all the rules of vector include
addition and subtraction. The vector quality of force allows us to manipulate forces in exactly the
same way we manipulated velocity and acceleration in Kinematics.

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 Tips on Answering Main idea questions

How to identify What is the topic of the passage/paragraph?

the questions What is the main idea of the passage/paragraph?
What is the subject of the passage/paragraph?
What is the author’s main point in the passage/paragraph?
Where to find The answer to this type of question can be determined by reading
the answer the first lines of paragraph
How to answer 1. Read the first line of each paragraph
the question 2. Look for a common theme or idea in the first lines
3. Scan through the rest of the text to make sure that you
really have found the main idea

1. What is the best topic of the passage? 3. What is the main idea of paragraph
a. Newton’s Definition of Force two?
b. Newton’s system of Physics a. Humans experience forces all the
c. Newton’s Law of Motion time
d. Newton’s Classical Mechanics b. Force is vector quantity with
2. What is the author’s point in the first magnitude
paragraph? c. Force is the basis of Dynamics
a. Newton’s the basics of classical d. Force is applied in everyday life
mechanics 4. What is the subject of the last
b. The description the Newton’s paragraph?
forces a. The meaning of vector
c. What Newton creates for centuries b. The natures of vector
d. Newton’s invention on force c. The daily uses of vector
d. The rules in vector

GRAMMAR FOCUS: Keep the “SPOT” in mind!

When you describe ideas in sentence, make sure you consider the “SPOT” in your sentence. SP
are obligatory components, while OT are additional components. Look at the examples below.
“The symbol μfrict-sliding represents the coefficient of sliding friction in Physics”

“The symbol μfrict-sliding is the coefficient of sliding friction in Physics”

Analyse the sentences below and choose the right word in the bracket.
Nominal Sentence-Sentence using noun, adjective, or prepositional phrase as the predicate

(+) The symbol μfrict-sliding (are/is) the coefficient of sliding friction in Physics
(-) The rules of μfrict-sliding (is/are) not the coefficient of static friction in Physics

2
(?) (are/is) the symbol μfrict-sliding the coefficient of sliding friction in Physics?

Verbal Sentence-Sentence using verb as the predicate

(+)The rules of μfrict-sliding (represent/represents) the coefficient of sliding friction in Physics

(-) The symbol μfrict-sliding (does/do) not represent the coefficient of static friction in Physics
(?) Does the symbol μfrict-sliding (represents/represent) the coefficient of sliding friction in Physics?

Analyse the following sentences and decide if they are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
1. (….) Friction force one type of forces in Physics.
2. (….) The floor surface offers resistance to the movement of the box.
3. (….) Sliding friction forces is calculated from knowledge of the coefficient of friction.
4. (….) The μ provide a measure of the relative amount of adhesion.
5. (….) Static friction now has a magnitude of 25 Newton.
6. (….) Creating the fundamental laws in Physics.
7. (….) Mass is never altered by the pull of gravity or other forces.
8. (….) 1 Newton is the amount of force to give a 1-kg mass an acceleration of 1 m/s/s.

WRITING & STEAM: Digital Portrait on Newton’s Law in Action

Work in group to portray The Application of Newton’s Law in Daily Life (as stated in Vocabulary
section) at your campus. Find one photo for each component and write two sentences describing
the activity. When all photos are described, put them
together in a Collaged Photo or Mindmap. Decide who
will be responsible for each of the following roles in the
photo project:

a. Project manager-managing and monitoring

the group photo project and discussion
b. Digital project-editing and combining the
photos into a collaged photo
c. Photo creator-finding the picture for the
group’s collaged photo
d. Story writer-writing one or two sentences to describe each
photo

Pay attention to
 Photo Relevance – “are the photos relevant to the topic?”
 Idea Relevance – “are the sentences or stories relevant to the photos?”
 Vocabulary Use – “are the words you use appropriate to the topic?” 3
 Language – “are the sentences grammatically correct?”