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)*!$ of the )#+*, , has defined Trade union as ..

³Trade union means any combination, whether temporary or permanent, formed primarily for the
purpose of regulating the relations between workmen and employers or between workmen and
workmen or between employers and employers or for improving respective conditions of the conduct
of any trade or business and includes any federation of two or more Trade Unions´

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j? t is an organization formed by employees or workers.
j? t is formed on a continuous basis. t is a permanent body and not a casual or temporary one.
j? t is formed to protect and promote all kinds of interests ±economic, political and social-of its
members. The dominant interest with which a union is concerned is, however, economic.
j? t includes federations of trade unions also.
j? t achieves its objectives through collective action and group effort
)0./
j? To improve the economic lot of employees by securing for them better wages.
j? To secure better working conditions for the workers.
j? To secure bonus for the employees from the profit of the concern,
j? To resist schemes of the management which reduce employment, e.g., rationalization
and automation.
j? To secure welfare of employees through group schemes which give benefit to every
employee.
j? To protect the interests of employees by taking active participation in the
management.
j? To secure social welfare of the employees.
j? To secure organizational stability, growth, and leadershipv

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j? ›ate of Establishment : 19th April , 1919
j? ›irector General : Juan Somavia
j? The nternational Labour Organization (LO) is devoted to advancing opportunities for
women and men to obtain decent and productive work in conditions of freedom, equity,
 security and human dignity. ts main aims are to promote rights at work, encourage decent
employment opportunities, enhance social protection and strengthen dialogue in handling
work-related issues.
j? n promoting social justice and internationally recognized human and labor rights, the
organization continues to pursue its founding mission that labor peace is essential to
prosperity. Today, the LO helps advance the creation of decent jobs and the kinds of
economic and working conditions that give working people and business people a stake in
lasting peace, prosperity and progressv
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j? t was establish by Versailles peace conference as an autonomous body associated
with the league of Nations.
j? The LO is the only international trade union which has survived the second world
war even after the dissolution of its parent body called League of Nations.
j? t became the specialized agency of UN in 1946.
j? t mainly deals with nternational labor problems.
j? t is a tripartite body consisting of representations of employers, labors and
Government.
j? ts three constituents namely the Government which finance it, the workers, for whom
benefit it is created and the employers who share responsibility for the welfare of the
workers
 -)0./


j? Aromote and realize standards and fundamental principles and rights at work
j? areate greater opportunities for women and men to secure decent employment and
income
j? Enhance the coverage and effectiveness of social protection for all
j? Strengthen tripartism and social dialogue

)0.

j? ±ull employment and the raising of standards of living
j? Adequate protection for the life and health of workers in all occupations.
j? The provision of adequate nutrition, housing and facilities for recreation and culture.
j? Arovision for child welfare and maternity protection.
j? The assurance of educational and vocational opportunity.
j? The effective recognition for the right of collective bargaining, the co-operation of
management and labour in continuous improvement of productive efficiency and the
collaboration of workers and employers in social and economic measures.

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1.? To formulates the nternational labour standards.
2.? To fix amount of contribution by the member states.
3.? To decide the expenditure budgeted estimates proposed by the ›irector general and
submitted to the Governing body.
4.? To elect its president
o.? To select once in three years members of the governing body.
6.? To consider the report of the director general giving labour problems and assist in
their solution.
7.? To appoint committees to deal with different matters during each session.
3 
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±EATURES:
1.? t is non-political, non legislative partite body.
2.? t implements decisions of the La with the help of the nternational labour force.
3.? Total members ± o6 ( 28 ± Governments, 14 ± employers and 14 labour ).
±UNaTONS:
1.? To co-ordinate work of the organization.
2.? To appoint the ›irector general.
3.? To scrutinize the Budget.
4.? To prepare agenda for each session and subject to the decision of the La to decide
what subject should be included in the agenda of the La.
o.? To fix the date, duration and agenda of the regional conference.

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1.? This is the third major and important organ of the LO
2.? t functions as the secretariat of the LO in the Geneva.
±UNaTONS:
1.? To prepare documents on the times of the agency for the confidence.
2.? To assist governments in forming legislation on the basis of the decisions of the La.
3.? To carry out its functions related to the observance of the conventions.
4.? To bring out publication dealing with industrial labour problems of international
interest.
o.? To collect and distribute information of international labour and social problems.

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/.&.: 31 st October , 2006
/5)0: Sharon Burrow
6& ): Jaap Wienan
.. : Aromotion and defense of workers right and interest.
-. :
1.? t is the main international trade union organization.
2.? t is formed by the combination of nternational confederation of trade union (a±TU)
and World confederation of Labor ( WaL)
3.? Total member organization ± 301 , in 1o1 countries.
4.? Total Members ± 176 million
o.? Regional Organization -
TUa ± Asia Aacific
TUa - African Regional Organization
TUa ± American Regional
Main Areas of Activity:
1.? Trade union and Human rights
2.? Economy, society and workplace.
3.? Equality and non-discrimination.
4.? nternational Solidarity.
o.? ahild Labor

718
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/.&. : 3rd October 194o, Aaris.
9.: Mohammad Shaban Amouz ( SYRA )
The foundation of the W±TU was thus seen as indicative of the new era that had
opened with the defeat of fascism at the hands of the anti-fascist alliance of states.
The working people and the democratic forces saw in that victory the new future of
the world, where imperialism and colonialism would retreat and where freedom,
peace, democracy and prosperity would advance for all humankind.
:
3 ;
j? To increase industrialisation and agricultural technical progress under democratic
control in all backward countries, in order to free them from their present position of
dependence and to improve the standard of living of their population;
j? To see that this programme is not used for monopolistic profiteering interests, native
or foreign, which would harm the legitimate national and social interests of these
countries;
j? To support the assistance which may be given to these countries by the technical and
financial resources of advanced countries in terms of long-term credits and other
means without permitting the latter to interfere in the internal affairs of the needy
countries or to subject them to the influence of international trusts and cartels;
j? To insure international coordination of these measures, so as to achieve a harmonious
evolution of all peoples;
j? To enlist all peoples within the framework of this movement, not merely those of the
backward countries, but also those of advanced countries, whose real interests
coincide with that of the former.
  -8-
The W±TU comprises of :
- World Trade Union aongress
- The General aouncil
- The presidential aouncil
- The Secretariat

World Trade Union aongress:

The World Trade Union aongress (WTUa) is the supreme body of the W±TU. t
meets regularly every five years, convened by the General aouncil, or in
extraordinary session also convened by the General aouncil or at the request of the
majority of member organizations.
-).:
j? To take sovereign decisions on all matters concerning the W±TU.
j? To be informed of and to discuss the most important matters affecting the workers of
the world, the various regions, countries and sectors, to state its opinion on such
matters, and to adopt decisions with regard to solidarity, the mobilization of public
opinion and the struggle to defend the workers¶ interests.
j? To examine and discuss the reports presented by the General aouncil, the Auditing
aommission and the Solidarity and Adjustment ±und, as well as supplementary
reports presented to the aongress on questions on the agenda, and to take decisions on
matters relating to the programme and general policy
&)&;
The General aouncil is the leading statutory body of the W±TU between two
aongresses. t meets three times between two aongresses; otherwise, an extraordinary
session may be convened by the Aresidential aouncil or at the request of one-third of
its members.
-).;
j? To examine reports presented by the Aresidential aouncil on its activities and to take
any action arising from the reports.
j? To adopt necessary measures in order to deal with issues raised by affiliated and
associated organisations and others and to reach agreements and promote solidarity
actions in defence of workers¶ interests.
j? To establish plans of work for the W±TU and adopt appropriate measures for carrying
out aongress decisions.
9.&)&:
The Aresidential aouncil is the collective governing body of the ±ederation
between the sessions of the General aouncil. t is composed of the Aresident, General
Secretary, Vice-presidents and other members, taking into consideration
representation for all regions, representatives of the TUs, and the Aresident of the
Solidarity and Adjustment ±und aommission.
-).;
The Aresidential aouncil elects the Aresident from among its members
annually
 ) :

The Secretariat is composed of the General Secretary and Secretaries elected by

the General aouncil, one of whom will be in charge of finance. The Secretariat is the
permanent executive body of the W±TU. ts principal tasks are the execution and
implementation of the decisions adopted by the aongress, the General aouncil and
the Aresidential aouncil. t is collectively responsible to the statutory bodies of the
W±TU for its daily activities, the functioning of its central and regional apparatus, its
financial activity and the organization of the various departments and representations.

-). :

j? To examine all urgent questions which arise between meetings of the Aresidential
aouncil and to submit the measures taken on these urgent questions to the Aresidential
aouncil for ratification
j? To call meetings of the Aresidential aouncil, in consultation with the Aresident, and
prepare documents for these meetings, as well as for those of the General aouncil and
aongress.
j? To maintain permanent contact with member organizations, the TUs, the Regional
Headquarters, and W±TU representatives at various international bodies.
j? To take all necessary measures to collect documentary material on social legislation
and various matters of interest to the world trade union movement, and to send
syntheses and analyses of this information to union organizations.
 
.

#1.)'.)/.:
›ate of Establishment : 12th October 1949
Member: 7.0 Million
Affiliation: TUa and ETUa
Key people ± Michael Sommer ( Aresident )
Office Location: Berlin, Germany.
j? The ›GB coordinates joint demands and activities within the German trade union
movement. t represents the member unions in contact with the government
authorities, the political parties and the employers' organizations. However, the
umbrella organization is not directly involved in collective bargaining and does not
conclude collective labor agreements.
j? Union delegates elect committees for 9 districts, 94 regions and the federal centre.
The organization holds a federal congress every four years. This assembly sets the
framework for trade union policies and elects five ±ederal Executives. Together with
the presidents of the member unions they constitute the ›GB's executive committee.
The members of the executive committee, together with the ›GB regional presidents
and 70 delegates from the unions, form a ±ederal aouncil which meets once a year to
make decisions on national issues.

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j? ›ate of establishment : 1868
j? Member ± 6.o Million
j? Affiliation ± TUa
j? Key people ± Brendan Barber ( General Secretary )
j? Office ± aongress house, London

The .2.. (TUa) is a national trade union centre, a federation of

trade unions in the United Kingdom, representing the majority of trade unions. There
are fifty-eight affiliated unions with a total of about 6.o million members, around half
of whom are represented by Unite or UNSON.
The TUa's decision-making body is the Annual aongress, which takes place in
September. Between congresses decisions are made by the General aouncil, which
meets every two months. An Executive aommittee is elected by the aouncil from its
members. The senior paid official of the TUa is the General Secretary, currently
Brendan Barber.



&&2./
 
j? Lack of education makes the workers narrow-minded, and prevents them from taking
long-term views. Thus, anything, which does not result in an immediate reward,
becomes unattractive to them. This attitude is responsible for many strikes and lock-
outs in industrial concerns.
j? Trade unions may not welcome rationalization and improved methods of production
for the fear that some of the workers will be put out of work. Therefore, they resort to
go slow policy that retards industrial progress.
j? When labor unions strike because of illogical grounds, incalculable losses occur to
producers, community and the nation. These are harmful to the workers also. They
suffer because of the loss of wages.
j? They create artificial scarcity of labor by demanding that only union personnel should
be employed.
j? By undue insistence on the payment of standard rates of wages, they have only
leveled down the earnings of the efficient workers.