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Prevalence of insufficient physical activity

Insufficient physical activity is one of the 10 leading risk factors for global mortality and it’s a
leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases, and has a negative effect on mental
health and quality of life. People who are insufficiently physically active have a 20% to 30%
increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to those who engage in at least 150 minutes
of moderate intensity physical activity per week, or equivalent, as recommended by WHO.
Regular physical activity reduces the risk of ischaemic heart disease, diabetes, breast and
colon cancer, hypertension, and osteoporosis. The regular physical activity has strong
correlation with the physiologic stability, can gain high level of individual functioning while it
is also able to diminish the risk of depression, and enhance individual self esteem and self
concept. In the case of children and adolescents, physical activity not only can prevent the
risky behaviors but also give the health advantages to this population, particularly to build
the normal skeletal development and achievement of peak bone of mass, producing healthy
bones, maintain the psychological well being, and modify the cardiovascular risk factors.
Furthermore, physical activity is a key determinant of energy expenditure and thus
fundamental to energy balance and weight control.
Global age-standardised prevalence of insufficient physical activity was 27.5% in 2016, with a
difference between sexes of more than 8 percentage points (23.4% in men vs 31.7% in
women). Over the past 15 years, levels of insufficient activity did not improve (28.5% in
2001; 27.5% in 2016). The highest levels in 2016, were in women in Latin America and the
Caribbean (43.7%), south Asia (43%), and high-income Western countries (42.3%), whereas
the lowest levels were in men from Oceania (12.3%), east and southeast Asia (17.6%), and
sub-Saharan Africa (17.9%). Prevalence in 2016 was more than twice as high in high-income
countries (36.8%) as in low-income countries (16·2%), and insufficient activity has increased
in high-income countries over time (31.6%).
Globally in 2016, 23% of men and 32% of women aged 18+ years were insufficiently
physically active. If current trends continue, the 2025 global physical activity target (a 10%
relative reduction in insufficient physical activity) will not be met. Policies to increase
population levels of physical activity need to be prioritised and scaled up urgently.
In recognition of this strong link between physical activity and major non-communicable
diseases, member states of WHO agreed to a 10% relative reduction in the prevalence of
insufficient physical activity by 2025, as one of the nine global targets to improve the
prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases.
Globally, 81% of school going adolescents aged 11–17 years were insufficiently physically
active in 2010, they did less than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical
activity daily, as recommended by WHO. School going adolescent girls were less active than
boys, with 84% versus 78% not meeting WHO recommendations
National Basic Health Survey 2007 stated 48.2 percent of Indonesia's population aged over 10
years lack of physical activity, where women who are physical inactivity (54.5%) higher than
men (41.4%). Another National Survey in 2003 found that population aged 10 years and over,
74% physical inactivity occur during travel, 81% during leisure time, and 14% less physical
activity at work. Based on data by WHO Prevalence of insufficient physical activity among
adolescents
Data by country in 2010, 83.7% adolescents aged beetwen 11-17 years in Indonesia were
insufficiently physically active, where male who are physical inactivity (84.3%) higher than
female (83.1%). Most jobs today are sedentary and almost, all day people around the world just
sit down in front of their desk, includes all adolescents who study at school and university.
Automobiles, public transportation, television and other labour saving devices also contribute
to sluggish lifestyles and become a risk factors for insufficient physical activity.