CHAPTER 10 : DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (REVISION)

1. Show that the substitution u = x2 + y2 reduces the differential equation 7. The population (in thousands) of fish present in a lake at time t years is denoted by x.
dy It is found that the growth rate of x is proportional to (24 – 2t – x). It is given that the
y + x = x 2 + y 2 into du = k u , where k is a constant to be determined. initial population of the fish in the lake is 8000 and the population grows at a rate of
dx dx
16000 per year initially. Show that the growth rate of x at time t years can be
Hence, find the solution of the given differential equation satisfying the
modelled by the differential equation dx = 24 – 2t – x.
condition y = 3 when x = 4. dt
Find x in terms of t.
2. Show that the substitution u = xy2, (y > 0) reduces the differential equation
Using the iterative formula, estimate the time taken for the fish to die out in this lake,
dy
2xy = 4x2y2 – y2 + 1 to the form du = au2 + b, where a and b are constants to the nearest 0.1 years.
dx dx
to be determined. 8. In country B, the length of the bamboo leaf , x, increases at a rate proportional to
its length, and at the same time, due to the loss of water in the leaf, the length of
Hence, find the solution of the given differential equation satisfying the the leaf decreases at a rate proportional to the square of its length. It is noted that
1 the length of the bamboo leaf when it first sprouts is 1 cm and when the length of
condition y = 1 when x = .
2 the bamboo leaf reaches 6 cm, it remains at this constant value.
(a) Show that the growth rate of the bamboo leaf in country B can be modelled by
3. Using the substitution z = 2x + y, find the general solution of the differential equation
dy 2x + y + 2 the differential equation dx = kx(6 – x), where k is a positive constant.
= . dt
dx 2x + y − 1 (b) Solve the differential equation, expressing x in terms of k and t .
(c) Given that the bamboo leaf experiences the greatest growth rate 6 days
dy after sprouting, find the value of k.
4. Solve the differential equation x – y = x(x – y) for general solution.
dx
9. On a certain large island, scientists have predicted that the number of rabbits will
5. The number of people infected with virus X is x. The rate at which x is varying increase after a successful breeding program. This rate of increase is modelled by
at any time t is proportional to the difference between the number of infeted the differential equation dx + x = 4t + 3, where x is the number of rabbits in
people and the number of death due to virus X. At time t, it is also known that dt
the number of death due to virus X is proportional to the square of the number thousands and t is the time in months.
of people infcted with virus X. Initially there were 10 people infected and the
Solve the differential equation given that there are initially 2000 rabbits.
number infected remains constant when it reaches 100. 50 people infected after
k Hence find the expected number of rabbits in 2 years.
20 days. Show that dx = (100x – x2), where k is a constant.
dt 100 Find the time elapse for the number of rabbits to reach 4000.
Hence solve the differential equation.
10. Using the substitution y = ux, find the general solution of the differential equation
6. In a research project, the population is modelled by the following differential equation, dy y
dP = 1 P(10 – P), where P is the population function of time t. Solve the x – y = x cot ( ).
dx x
dt 20
differential equation by expressing P in terms of t, given that initially P = 1.
Comment on the population in the long run.
Sketch the solution curve for t ≥ 0.
11. Paraffin is stored in a uniform tank with a horizontal base. A time t minutes, the
depth of the paraffin in the tank is x cm. Initially, its depth is 72 cm. There is a tap
in the side of the tank through which the paraffin can flow out. When the tap is
opened, the flow of the paraffin is modelled by the differential equation
dx = –4( 3 x − 8 ).
dt
How long does it take for the level of paraffin to fall to a depth of 35 cm?
How long does it take further till the flow stops?

12. The variables x and y are connected by the differential equation

dy
2x + y = x + 3. Find the solution of the differential equation satisfying the
dx
condition y = 1 when x = 9.

13. A skydiver opens his parachute when his speed is 20 ms–1. His speed t seconds
after this is v ms–1, and is modelled by the differential equation
2 dv = – (v – 8)(v + 10). Solve the differential equation.
dt
What is the speed of the skydiver in the long term?