COMPREHENSIVE

Q and A
in

CORRECTIONAL
ADMINISTRATION

Concept and Theories in

Corrections
(PART 2)

By:
Charlemagne James P. Ramos
1. This model of prison management permits placing prisoners in the least
restrictive prison consistent with security, safety, and humane confinement.
A. Control model
B. Proper classification model
C. Security model
D. Custodial model

2. In prisons of this model, security and housekeeping activities are viewed

primarily as a framework for rehabilitative efforts.
A. Custodial model
B. Security model
C. Responsibility model
D. Rehabilitation model

3. This model is linked to the structures and goals of community corrections

but has direct impact on prison operations. Consistent with the perspective of
community corrections, this model is based on the assumption that it is important
for the offender to maintain or develop ties with the free society.
A. Corrective model
B. Reintegration model
C. Security model
D. Responsibility model

4. What is the first prison systematically designed to harness pain in service

of the reformation of men?
A. Prison
B. Penal custody
C. Corrections
D. Penitentiary

5. Blumstien list five possible approaches that prison administrators may take
to deal with the prison crisis. Each approach has economic, social and political
costs, and each entails a different amount of time for implementation and impact.
Which of these urges the sentencing be linked to the availability of prison
space and management staff, that policies be developed allowing the release of
the prisoners when prison facilities become crowded and staff are greatly
outnumbered to manage prisoners, and that each court be allotted a certain amount
of prison space and staff members of judges and prosecutors make their decisions
accordingly?
A. Incapacitation strategy
B. Population-reduction strategy
C. Construction strategy
D. Population-sensitive flow control strategy

6. In this strategy says that nothing should be done, that prisons should be
allowed to become increasingly congested and staff should remain to maintain
them with the assumption that the problem is temporary and will disappear in
time.
A. Null strategy selective
B. Incapacitation strategy
C. Population-reduction strategy
D. Construction strategy

7. The word penology is derived from the Latin word “Poena” which means-
A. Imprisonment
B. Incarceration
C. Punishment
D. Suffering

8. The manner or practice of managing or controlling places of confinement as

in jails or prisons is referred to as-
A. Correctional Administration
B. Penal management
C. Penology
D. Jail management

9. Correction as a process is best defined as-

A. A branch of the Criminal Justice System concerned with the custody,
supervision and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.
B. It is field of criminal justice administration which utilizes the body of
knowledge and practices of the government and the society in general involving
the processes of handling individuals who have been convicted of offenses for
purposes of crime prevention and control.
C. It is the study of jail/prison management and administration as well as the
rehabilitation and reformation of criminals.
D. The reorientation of the criminal offender to prevent him or her from
repeating his deviant or delinquent actions without the necessity of taking
punitive actions but rather the introduction of individual measures of
reformation.

10. What is the study and practice of a systematic management of jails or prisons
and other institutions concerned with the custody, treatment, and rehabilitation
of criminal offenders?
A. Correctional Administration
B. Penal Management
C. Correctional Management
D. Jail management

11. It is the redress that the state takes against an offending member of society
that usually involves pain and suffering. It is also the penalty imposed on an
offender for a crime or wrongdoing.
A. Fine
B. Penalty
C. Punishment
D. Redress

12. Waldo was convicted for the crime of multiple crimes and his conviction
involves imprisonment so that he will be prevented from commiting similar crimes.
This purpose of punishment is called-
A. Reformation
B. Rehabilitation
C. Incapacitation
D. Prevention

13. What is defined as the suffering inflicted by the state against an offending
member for the transgression of law?
A. Fine
B. Punishment
C. Penalty
D. Incarceration

14. One of the judicial conditions of penalty states that punishment must
commensurate with the offense. This is further understood as-
A. Without however affecting the integrity of the human personality
B. Different crimes must be punished with different penalties
C. The guilty one must be the one to be punished, no proxy
D. Changes the attitude of offenders and become law-abiding citizens

15. Which is correct in the following principles applied to the modern period of
corrections?
1. Jail or Prison rules shall be applied impartially without discrimination on
the ground of race, color, language, religion or other opinion, national or
social origin, property, birth or other status.
2. The religious beliefs and moral precepts not contrary to law, which a prisoner
holds, must be respected.
3. Prison or Jail rules and regulations shall be applied with firmness but
tempered with understanding.
4. Custodial force shall, at all times, conduct themselves as good examples.

A. 1,2 C. 2,3,4
B. 4 Only D. 1,2,3,4

16. What is considered as the cornerstone of rehabilitation?

A. Reformation programs
B. Prison education
C. Rehabilitation programs
D. Correctional programs

17. The community based treatment programs are those programs that are intended
to treat criminal offenders within the free community as alternatives to
confinement. It includes all correctional activities directly addressed to the
offender and aimed at helping him to become a law-abiding citizen. In relation
to these, which states “imprisonment is not always advisable?” placing a person
to custodial coercion is to place him in physical jeopardy, thus drastically
narrowing his access to sources of personal satisfaction and reducing self-
esteem.
A. Humanitarian aspect
B. Restorative aspect
C. Managerial aspect
D. Reformative aspect

18. Which of the following has the closest meaning of the word “Retribution”?
A. Personal Vengeance against offender
B. Group Vengeance against the offender
C. Deterrence to offender
D. Protection that serves well the interest of the community

19. Justice in the form of “Life for Life. Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand
for hand, foot for foot, burning for burning, wound for wound, and stripe for
stripe” is based on Lex talionis or the law of retaliation. Further, it is based
on the notion of talion which means
A. Equivalence for its crime and its punishment
B. Blood feuds between people
C. Man’s head is the same as his hand
D. Man s horse minded
20. In his Book, we are Living Proof: the Justice model for Corrections, he
presented his arguments that punishment is necessary to uphold the law. He became
popular for introducing the so-called Justice Model for correction. His name is-
A. David Fogel
B. Manuel Montesimos
C. Martin Ruther
D. Jake Brigance

21. General deterrence is what most people mean when they speak of deterrence.
The principle here is that-
A. Potential criminals will want to avoid criminal behavior because of the
example provided by punishment.
B. Prison is necessary fear factor for offenders
C. Crime prevention measure by putting people to prison
D. Efficiency of the government is measured by there number of people punished

22. What approach in criminal justice is sometimes called communitarian,

reintegrative, or redemptive approach whereby forgiveness, hope, accountability,
and positive outcomes for all parties are maximized?
A. Catechism
B. Restorative justice
C. Deterrence
D. Redemptive

23. It is the Suffering that is inflicted by the state for the transgression of
a law for the purpose of controlling criminals.
A. Prevention
B. Revenge
C. Penalty
D. All of the above

24. As a matter of procedure, the fourth pillar of the Criminal Justice Sytem,
Correction Pillar, takes over once the accused –
A. Has been delivered to the new Bilibid Prison
B. Received the order of the court
C. After having been found guilty, meted out the penalty for the crime he
committed
D. Has been arrested by the police and has been investigated of the crime

25. The Correctional System in the Philippines is under three distinct and
separate departments of the national government. They are the following, except
–
A. Department of National Defense
B. Department of Justice
C. Department of Interior or Local Government
D. Department of Social welfare and Development
26. The prison model or theory which argues that an inmate’s mode of adaptation
to prison is influenced by factors external to the immediate conditions of
imprisonment. Which one of these?
A. Importation model
B. Exportation model
C. Family model
D. None of these

27. What theory of punishment proposes that sentencing can contribute towards
reducing crime by removing potential offenders from the community, so eliminating
their capacity to commit offense?
A. Retribution
B. Incapacitation
C. Atonement
D. Reformation

28. The correctional organization is a complex, hybrid organization that utilizes

two distinct, yet related management subsystems to achieve its goals. Which one
of these?
A. Management of correctional employees and delivery of correctional services
to offender population
B. Administration of the parole and probation system
C. Custody and supervision of inmates
D. Rehabilitation of inmates the soonest time

29. Correctional organization have two ideologically competing sub-

organizational structures, the custodial organization, with its emphasis on
control and surveillance of offender activities; and the treatment organization-
A. Emphasizing on making a living inside prison
B. Emphasizing on preventive discipline
C. Emphasizing on treating special offenders
D. On the goals and methods of treatment and rehabilitation

30. The general concept of punishment is that –

A. It is an infliction of some sort of pain on the offender for violating the
law
B. It is for the purpose of trial by ordeal
C. It is for personal revenge
D. It is a restriction offending members of society

31. ____ is the latest justification of punishment. Under this theory, society
can best be protected from crime if the purpose of imprisonment is to reform or
rehabilitate the prisoner.
A. Reformation
B. Incapacitation
C. Expiation
D. Fine
32. Release from prison, are intended to reform the offender. This is a new
concept of correctional administration. Thus, reformation and rehabilitation are
now thought of as –
A. Treatment through institutional programs
B. Limitation of punishment
C. Concealing criminal activities
D. Treatment through non-institutional programs

33. This concept embodies the belief that punishment keeps offenders from
committing offenses again. Which of these?
A. Deterrence
B. Reformation
C. Retribution
D. Expiation

34. It is a concept used to describe a number of positions and movements that

seek to challenge the existence of prison as the answer to problems of crime and
it advocates the correction of dominant culture rather than prisoners.
A. Factionalism
B. Abolitionism
C. Determinism
D. Activism

35. The Correctional policy that allows inmates to leave the institution for
vocational or educational training, for employment, or to maintain family ties
is called –
A. Private Prison policy
B. Furlough or Work Release
C. Getting tough Policy
D. Placement

36. What model of correctional system focused on the safety and security of
inmates than any other emphasis?
A. Family model
B. Penitence model
C. Custodial model
D. Community model

37. What pillar in the administration of Criminal Justice System charge with the
responsibility for the custody, supervision and rehabilitation of convicted
offenders?
A. Conviction
B. Penalty
C. Corrections
D. Punishment

38. What kind of discipline applied after an offense has been committed by an
inmate that offers great advantage over punishment?
A. Positive discipline
B. Negative discipline
C. Strict discipline
D. Leniency discipline

39. This was in form of group vengeance as distinguished from retribution, where
punishment is exacted publicly for the purpose of appeasing the social group.
What is being described?
A. Protection
B. Penalty
C. Deterrence
D. Expiation

40. Among the following, what instance can justify the act of punishing people
for a wrong doing?
A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Expiation or atonement
D. All of the above

41. The idea that punishment will be given to the offender by showing to others
what would happen to them if they have submitted what the offender has done.
Which one of these?
A. Protection
B. Enjoyment
C. Deterrence
D. Stoning

42. In general, the suffering inflicted to an individual for having committed an

offense is termed as-
A. Sentence
B. Penalty
C. Retribution
D. Sanction

43. It is a condition of penalty that no one can assume the suffering for a crime
committed by the others. This is the condition of –
A. Justice
B. Legal
C. Personal
D. Certain

44. The view that the low female crime and delinquency rates are a reflection of
the leniency which police treat female offender is known as-
A. Chivalry hypothesis
B. Chronic female offender doctrine
C. Broken window
D. Consensus view of crimes
45. The belief that capital punishment creates an atmosphere of brutality that
enhances, rather than deters the level of violence in society is known as-
A. Broken window
B. Brutalization effect
C. Boot camp effect
D. Conflict view

46. Stopping or reducing crime by convincing would-be offenders that they stand
a significant risk of being apprehended and punished for their crimes is called-
A. Stack effect
B. Deterrent effect
C. Diversion effect
D. Anxiety effect

47. The punishment which affords the society or the individual who was wronged,
the opportunity to impose upon the offender such suitable punishment as may be
enforced
A. Reformation
B. Retribution
C. Expiation
D. Deterrence

48. Giving punishment to a person so to serve as an example to others is the

theory of
A. Self-defense
B. Social defense
C. Exemplary
D. Equality

49. The idea that re-entry of an offender should be in the mainstream of society
rather than the usual abrupt re-entry at the end of a prison sentence.
A. Reintegration
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation

50. The putting of offenders in prison for the purpose of protecting the public
and at the same time rehabilitating them by requiring the latter to undergo
institutional treatment program is referred to as:
A. Imprisonment
B. Trial
C. Conviction
D. Detention

51. The society is protected from the further depredations of criminals if they
are all imprisoned immediately after committing a crime”. This justification of
penalty is known as
A. Expiation
B. Reformation
C. Deterrence
D. Protection

52. This refers to the manner or practice of managing or controlling the

rehabilitation and reformation of prisoners.
A. Penal Management
B. Corrections Administration
C. Penal Justification
D. Corrections Justification

53. What is the dual purpose of the Correctional System here in the Philippines?
A. To punish and Rehabilitate
B. To Rehabilitate and Retaliate
C. To Retaliate and Revenge
D. To Punish and to imprison

54. Which model emphasize the assumption that criminal behavior is caused by
biological or psychological conditions that require treatment?
A. Medical model
B. Reform model
C. Rehabilitation model
D. Community model

55. The word penology is derived from the Latin word “Poena” which means
A. Imprisonment
B. Incarceration
C. Punishment
D. Suffering

56. A system that teaches inmates to value himself and his dealing with others.
A. Auburn system
B. Pennsylvania system
C. Millien system
D. Congrete system

57. Theory which states that criminal behavior is learned in interaction with
other persons in the process of communication.
a. Differential Association Theory
b. Strain Theory
c. Classical Theory
d. Positivist Theory

58. What theory assumes that people are law-abiding but they will resort to crime
under great pressure and that disparity between goals and means provides that
pressure?
A. Psychoanalytic theory
B. Strain theory
C. Differential Association theory
D. Social learning theory

59. What theory is criminology states that criminals are totally responsible for
their behaviors. The stress is more in the effect of their felonious act upon
the criminal himself.
a. Positivist theory
b. Biological theory
c. Physiological theory
d. Classical theory

60. What concept is referred to when a prison completely encapsulates the lives
of the people who work and live there?
a. half-way house
b. Total institution
c. Therapeutic community
d. Voluntary institution

61. What theory provides that criminal behavior is learned in interaction with
other persons in a process of communication?
a. Differential association
b. Strain theory
c. Social Disorganization Theory
d. Psychoanalytic theory

62. This theory in criminology states that criminals are totally responsible for
their behaviors and the stress is more on the effect of their felonious act than
upon the criminal himself.
A. Biological theory
B. Positivist theory
C. Classical theory
D. None of the above

63. The attempt to prevent future crimes through fear of punishment.

A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation

64. The task of changing an offender’s attitude so that he or she may not commit
another crime in the future.
A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation

65. A community based approach to correctional is _____ because there is a shift

from custodial control to public protection and less financial cost.
A. Managerial
B. Restorative
C. Humanitarian
D. Retributive

66. The concept of “the greatest happiness of the greatest number” is known as
______ and was espoused by Jeremy Bentham
A. Conformance
B. Reformation
C. Utilitarianism
D. Rehabilitation

67. A community based approach to corrections is _____ because the offender is

not subjected to custodial control unnecessarily
A. Managerial
B. Restorative
C. Humanitarian
D. Retributive

68. There is _____ in correctional administration as there are various government

agencies involved.
A. Integration
B. Isolation
C. Fragmentation
D. Merging

69. What concept is referred to when a prison completely encapsulates the lives
of the people who work and live there?
A. half-way house
B. Total institution
C. Therapeutic community
D. Voluntary institution

70. Prevention is associated with the reintegration model and ____ is associated
with the custodial model.
A. Retribution
B. Control
C. Restoration
D. Deterrence

71. There are four (4) concepts of lifestyle in prison. What concept of prison
lifestyle is referred to when inmates take advantage of opportunities to change
their lives by trying to acquire a skill, improve their minds, or find
themselves?
A. Gleaning
B. Doing time
C. Jailing
D. Disorganizing criminals

72. What is the mark of shame or disgrace attached to a person by virtue of his
having committed an offense or conviction?
A. Stigma
B. Prejudice
C. Convict
D. Distrust

73. What theory states that crime and delinquency result when the individual’s
bond to society is weak and broken?
A. Control theory
B. Sociological theory
C. Cultural deviance theory
D. Strain theory

74. One of the effects if social stigma maintained by an unforgiving society

against criminal is _________.
A. Responded to rehabilitation programs
B. Difficulties in securing employment
C. Fostered friendship with co-prisoners
D. Worked out good relations with the community

75. What is a means of social control that involves the infliction of pain on
the offender for violating the law?
A. Banishment
B. Punishment
C. Prison labor
D. Discredit

76. Which of the following is considered an advantage if all correctional

agencies are integrated?
A. More physical facilities to maintain
B. More prisoners to supervise
C. Divided resources such as manpower and finances
D. Better coordination of services and increased cost-efficiency

77. This theory provides that the basis for criminal liability is human free
will and the purpose of penalty is retribution
A. Classical theory
B. Physiological theory
C. Biological theory
D. Positivist theory

78. Which model underscores the assumption that criminal behavior is caused by
biological or psychological conditions that require treatment?
A. Community model
B. Rehabilitation model
C. Reform model
D. Medical model

79. What is this social treatment which was developed in 1956 and which means to
change the prison institution into a more democratic operation where inmates
have a say in what goes on?
A. Psychotherapy
B. Therapeutic community
C. Behavior therapy
D. Occupational therapy

80. It is the process by which a new prisoner absorbs the customs of the prison
society and learns to adapt to the environment.
A. Acculturation
B. Integration
C. Prisonization
D. Adaptation

81. A community-based approach to corrections has three significant advantages,

as follows:
A. humanitarian, restorative, evaluative
B. Restorative, medical, retributive
C. Managerial, retributive, restorative
D. Humanitarian, restorative, managerial

82. Psychologists look at corrections as

A. The medium through which prisoners change their behavior and attitudes
B. The consolidation of interactions between correctional officers and the
prisoners
C. A total institution in which the basic physiological needs of prisoners were
to be met away from the outside world.
D. The intervention which documents the attitudinal responses of offenders and
staff to the processes of punishment

83. What psychological treatment helps satisfy individual’s needs to feel

worthwhile to themselves and others?
A. Behavior therapy
B. Transactional analysis
C. Milieu therapy
D. Reality therapy

84. This is ____ theory provide that criminal behavior is learned in interaction
with other persons in the process of communication
A. Differential association
B. Social disorganization
C. Strain
D. Psychoanalytic

85. According to the control theory, crime and delinquency result when an
individual’s bond to ____ is weak and broken.
A. Society
B. Police
C. Law
D. Behavior

86. This concept of Bentham provides that the aim of all action should be the
“greatest happiness of the greatest number”
A. Conformance
B. Reformation
C. Utilitarianism
D. Rehabilitation

87. This is an investigation of behavior based on subject’s responses to

questions concerning activities in which they have engaged.
A. Criminological research
B. Victimization study
C. Social study
D. Self-report study

88. This approach to the explanation of crime traces behavior as a deviation to

the regression of basic drives.
A. Physiological approach
B. Psycho-analytical approach
C. Biological approach
D. Psychological approach

89. Sociologists look at corrections as

A. The intervention which documents the attitudinal response of offenders and
staff to the processes of punishment.
B. The medium through which prisoners change their behavior and attitudes.
C. A total institution in which the basic physiological needs of prisoners were
to be met away from the outside world.
D. The consolidation of interactions between correctional officers and the
prisoners.

90. What does the classical theory provide?

A. Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in a process
of communication
B. Crime and delinquency are symptoms of social and penalty disorders
C. The basis for criminal liability is human freewill and the purpose of penalty
is retribution
D. Criminal behavior is inherited and therefore could be controlled by
regulating the reproduction of families

91. The study of criminality in relation to population is called ___.

A. Criminal psychology
B. Criminal demography
C. Criminal Psychiatry
D. Criminal ecology
92. What is that portion of the criminal justice system that carries out the
court’s orders?
A. Law enforcement
B. Corrections
C. community
D. prosecution

93. The ____ theory assumes that people are law-abiding but under great pressure
they will resort to crime and that disparity between goals and means provided
that pressure
A. Psychoanalytic
B. Strain
C. Social learning
D. differential association

94. Punishment is associated with the ____ model while treatment is associated
to medical model.
A. Reintegrative
B. Retributive
C. Justice
D. restorative

95. What is the practice of beating, torturing, maiming or any form of causing
pain to a prisoner called?
A. Corporal punishment
B. Capital punishment
C. Medical model of punishment
D. Indeterminate punishment

96. Citizen involvement in corrections is anchored on the fact that

A. Society is fearful of the effects of crime and it must abate such fear for
the unknown
B. Society is collectively responsible for the conditions that breed injustice
and crime thus, it must have an equal responsibility for collective remedial
action
C. There is profit in being involved in correctional programs
D. There is personal gratification in helping criminals

97. Prevention is associated to reintegration model and control is associated to

____ model.
A. Restorative
B. Medical
C. custodial
D. justice

98. Retribution, deterrence, incapacitation and rehabilitation are the

acknowledge goals of ______.
A. Criminal Action
B. Criminal mind
C. criminal Sanction
D. criminal intent

99. An advantage result in the integration of correctional agencies is:

A. More prisoner to supervise
B. Efficiency in the utilization of resources
C. Divided resources such as manpower and finances
D. More physical facilities to maintain
100. This group regarded deviant behavior as a symptom of some underlying
personality disturbance.
A. Political scientist
B. Behaviorists
C. social advocates
D. mental health advocates

101. If maiming is a corporal punishment, how is electrocution classified?

A. Conventional punishment
B. Capital punishment
C. physical punishment
D. Ordinary punishment

102. What is the legal process that results in the removal of conviction from
the official records?
A. Mitigation
B. Expungement
C. Exoneration
D. Restriction

103. Changing criminals through non-punitive means is referred to as,

A. Restitution
B. Retribution
C. Reformation
D. Institutional

104. A justification of punishment which state that “Severity of the punishment

must fit the crime”.
A. Expiation
B. Atonement
C. Retribution
D. Deterrence

105. It is a justification of punishment which claims that punishment gives

lesson to the offender by showing to others what would happen to them if they
violate the law.
A. Retribution
B. Expiation
C. Incapacitation
D. Detterence

106. The idea that re-entry of an offender should be in the mainstream of

society rather than the usual abrupt re-entry at the end of a prison sentence.
A. Reintegration
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation

107. Justice according to the Supreme Court is symbolically represented by a

blindfolded woman holding a sword and with a balance, meaning it is?
A. Administered with respect to persons
B. Administered without respect to persons, equality to poor and the rich
C. Administered without respect to persons. Equality to poor people
D. Administered with respect to persons, Equality and Treatment
108. What does classical theory provides?
A. Criminal behavior is inherited and therefore could be controlled by
regulating the reproduction of families
B. Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in the process
of communication
C. Crime and delinquency are symptoms of social and penalty disorders
D. The basis for criminal liability is human free will and the purpose of
penalty is retribution

109. What is the modern concept of Penology?

A. Be educated in a formal schooling
B. Punished inside the correctional institution
C. Reformation of offenders in a form of cruel punishment
D. Treated based on the treatment and rehabilitation program.

110. Which of the following are the functions of correction?

A. Detection, Arrest and Safekeeping
B. Preliminary Investigation, Acts as counsel and Rehabilitation
C. Safekeeping, Rehabilitation and Education
D. Final Adjudication, Issue warrant and Custodial

111. Which of the following are the major goals of correction?

A. Punishment, confinement, retribution, treatment
B. Retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation
C. Deterrence, punishment, incapacitation, treatment
D. Deterrence, retribution, punishment, treatment

112. Imprisonment is not always advisable. Placing a person to custodial

coercion is to place him in physical jeopardy, thus drastically narrowing his
access to source of personal satisfaction and reducing his self-esteem. This
principle is based on the _____ of community based treatment programs.
A. Restorative aspect
B. Humanitarian aspect
C. Managerial aspect
D. Legal aspect

113. Opponents of capital punishment claim that a prisoner's isolation and

uncertainty over their fate constitute a form of mental cruelty and those
especially long-time death row inmates are liable to become mentally ill, if
they are not already. This is referred to as –
A. Death row phenomenon
B. Cruelty syndrome
C. Execution syndrome
D. None of these

114. A self-help social learning treatment model used in the rehabilitation of

drug offenders and other clients with behavioral problems. This treatment model
adheres to the precepts of “Right living”.
A. Probation
B. Parole
C. Restorative Justice
D. Therapeutic community

115. Is that branch of administration of criminal justice charged with the

responsibility for the custody, supervision and rehabilitation of convicted
offenders?
a. Criminology
b. Penology
c. Criminal justice
d. Correction

116. Is that branch of criminology which deals with the treatment, management
and administration of inmates?
a. Criminology
b. Penology
c. Criminal justice
d. Correction

117. It refers to the suffering that is inflicted by the state for the
transgression of the law.
a. Punishment
b. Sanction
c. Penalty
d. Liability

118. Is the theory of penalty which states that the States punishes the
criminal to serve as example to others and discourage others from committing
crimes?
a. Prevention
b. Self-Defense
c. Reformation
d. Exemplarity
e. Justice

119. The Prison system in the Philippines where pattered from:

a. England Prison system
b. U.S. Federal Prison System
c. Japan Prison System
d. French Prison System

120. It is the concept of application of penalty which states that penalty

shall be proportional to the gravity or seriousness of the crime committed?
a. Judicial and legal
b. Personal
c. Commensurate
d. Equal
e. Definite

121. Community correction institution is an:

a. Institutional
b. Alternative to traditional prison
c. Community service
d. Deviation from the usual process