Erdc D0007

THIS DRAWING AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN ARE THE SOLE PROPERTY OF ECORESORT DEVELOPMENTCORPORATION.
NO REPRODUCTION IN FULL OR IN PART SHALL BE OBTAINED FROM THIS DOCUMENT WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF ITS OWNER.
CERT'D
PRIVATE ISLAND
APPR'D
CHK'D
RCA
FIRST SUBMITTAL
DESCRIPTION
GROUNDING GRID DESIGN

CALCULATION
POWER PLANT UPGRADE OF BANWA
PRIVATE ISLAND
BY
AUTHOR
18-Mar-20
DATE
Raymund C. Antonio - REE

NO.
00
REVISIONS
DRAWN
BY:-
DATE:- 18-Mar-20
CHECKED
BY:- RCA
DATE:- 18-Mar-20
CERTIFIED.
BY:-
DATE:-
AS BUILT BY DATE
DRAWING TITLE INDEX PLANT DRAWING NO. SHEET NO. REV NO.
CABLE AND CIRCUIT BREAKER SIZING CALCULATION

P #12 EDC-D0007 01 OF 11 00
ECORESORT DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
ROXAS PALAWAN CONTRACT NO. DWG. CONT. SHT.
SEC-ERB CAD-E (2002/03)
EXCEL
F:\Projects\Banwa Island\Calculation\Earthing\ERDC-D0007 3/17/202010:15 AM

DESIGN OF Document No.: ERDC-D00007
EARTHING SYSTEM REVISION DATE PAGE
BANWA PRIVATE ISLAND
PRIVATE ISLAND Ecoresort Development Corporation 0 3/16/2020 2 OF 11
Roxas, Palawan
Prepared By: RAYMUND ANTONIO-REE
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Basic Data
2.1 Description of site
2.2 Main Drawings
2.3 Network data
2.4 Specific soil resistivity
3. Thermal design of earthing conductors and earth electrodes
4. Resistance to earth
5. Determination of maximum grid current and ground potential

5.1 Determination of grid current
5.2 Determination of ground potential rise
5.3 Determination of transient enclosure voltage
6. Design of earth grid with respect to touch and step voltages
7. Earthing system
7.1 Foundation earth electrodes
7.2 Indoor earthing system
7.3 Outdoor earthing system
8. Summary

Roxas, Palawan
1. Introduction
Power plant substation installations require an earthing system to protect human life against excessive touch voltages and to keep
transferred potential to a minimum. The increase of fault currents to earth affects the importance of earthing systems and the need for a
low resistance of the earth grid.
The design calculations of the earthing system for the Banwa Private Island are based on the IEEE standard 80-2000
The basic values for these procedures are the maximum earth fault currents and the fault duration. For the design of the Banwa Power
Plant earthing system, the maximum Line to Ground fault current magnitude will be considered. Determination of the resulting current
flowing into the earth electrodes is therefore an important task.
Another factor of importance is the knowledge of the decisive soil resistivity for an extended earthing system.
2. Basic Data
2.1. Description of site

Banwa Private Island is located in Roxas, Palawan, Philippines. This power plant will be having four Generator sets, 1 x 569kVA and 3 x
344kVA, Banwa Private Island power plant plot area is 21m x10m but the areA to be considered for earthing grid will be 30m x 18m and
consist of:
* Power Station Building with

(a) Generator Rooms
(b) Paralleling Switchgear and Control Room
(c) Main Distribution Board Room (Load Center)
(d) Battery room etc.
* Underground Fuel Tank

* Motor Pool Building
* Laundry Building
2.3. Network data
0.4kV Network
Frequency: f = 60Hz
Maximum 3 phase short-circuit current:
Ik3' = 28.05kA
(according to Etap Analysis, see attached)
Maximum 1 phase short-circuit current:
Ik1' = 22.03kA
(for thermal design, value according to Etap Analysis)
Fault duration:
- for thermal design tc = 3s
- for correct operation of protection ts < 0.5s
Generator data
Rated power (each) SN = 0.569MVA
Type of neutral treatment: = Solidly Grounded Neutral
2.4. Specific soil resistivity

Earth Drill Services Geotechnical Engineering carried out site measurements of specific soil resistivity on 2009. The earth resistivity
shows three major electro-strategic horizons. The upper horizon has high to very high resistivity values ranging from about 800 to
10,000 Ohm-Meter. this is correlated to dry to partly saturated coralline sand, which is loose to dense (higher resistivity values). The
deduced lower two electrostratigraphic layers correspond to this geological material. The contrasting resistivity value is attibuted to
differing density and to some extent degree of saturation. The upper zone represents the vadose or aeration zone. Thickness of this
unit is 1 to 2m.
The second major layer has resistivity value ranging from 2 to 500Ohm-meter. This correlated to saturated coralline sand. The varying
resistivity vallues corresponds to high TDS. Hence the water is more blackish or becoming saline. The thickness of this unit may
reach up to 30m. This second electrostratigraphic unit is reffered to as zone of saturation.
The Lower most portion of the geologic material at the upper 40m has high to very high resistivity varying from 600 to 20,000Ohm-
meter. This represents the lithified or consolidated corals. Highly porous segment was observed.

Roxas, Palawan
3. Thermal design of earthing conductors and earth electrodes

The selection of earthing conductor sizes is carried out with respect to the fault current, the maximum fault duration, the final temperature
and the mechanical stresses.
In line with the contract specifications, it is proposed to use bare, soft drawn stranded copper for the earthing conductors and earth mesh.
Considering multiple faults it is common practice to carry out the thermal design of earthing systems with respect to rated current of the
switchgear
3.1 0.4kV Level
According to IEEE standard 80-2000, Eq.41, the minimum required cross section for earthing conductors and earth electrodes carrying
the maximum earth fault current can be calculated as:
Ik1'
A =
-4
Tcap x 10 Ko + Tm
x ln
tc x ρr x αr Ko + Ta
Where :
A = Cross section of conductor
Ik1' = 22.03kA Maximum earth-fault current
o
Tm = 250 C Maximum Allowable Temp.
o
Ta = 55 C Ambient Temperature
o
Ko = 234 C Material Constant for Copper
Tcap = 3.420 J/(cm3 x oC) Thermal capacity factor for Copper
αr = 0.00393/ Co Thermal coefficient of resistivity for Copper
ρr = 1.720 µ Ωcm − Specific resistivity for cooper
tc = 1s Maximum Duration of fault
22kA
A =
-4
3.420 x 10 234 + 250
x ln
1s x 1.720 x 0.00393 234 + 55
2
A = 136 mm
As the earthing grid is meshed, any earth fault current flowing into the mesh will split up into at least two paths since equipment are
connected to the grounding network at two locations. As such the mesh conductor needs to be designed for a maximum of 70% of the
fault current. Under such circumstance the minimum cross sectional area of copper conductor shall be:
Amin = A x 70%
2
Amin = 95.2 mm
Furthermore, due to soil high salinity property corrosion factor for copper should be considered, an additional margin of 10 % shall be kept
to cater for the corrosion of copper in the ground.
Therefore the mesh conductor should have a minimum cross section of :
Amesh = Amin x 1.1

Amesh = 104.7 mm2
The minimum size of ground conductor is 120mm sq. copper conductor for main earthing grid and 95mm sq. copper conductor
in areas remote to possible 0.4kV fault.
Hence
* Copper conductor cross-section proposed for the mesh conductor is 1 x 120mm sq.
*
For uniformity of conductor sizes, conductor cross-section proposed for the connections to Generator and Switchgear is 1 x
120mm sq. at two diagonally opposite points.

Roxas, Palawan
4. Resistance to earth
An ideal grounding system should provide a near zero resistance to remote earth. In practice, the ground potential rise at the power
plant site increases proportionately to the fault current. For most generating stations, a ground resistance of about 1 ohm or less is
recommended. For smaller distribution substations, the acceptable range is from 1 to 5 ohms, depending on local conditions. Due to
the presence of microprocessor based lighting systems that are susceptible to damage by transient over voltages such as power
surges and spikes, the recommended resistance value is equal to or less than 1 ohm.
The resistance to earth of the earth grid lies within the values, which can be calculated for a solid plate covering the same area and a
single earth electrode surrounding the whole area.
For the Banwa Private Island an earthing system comprising of a combination of horizontal mesh conductors and vertical earthing
rods has been considered.
The earth resistance for such a system can be calculated as:
2
R1R2 - R12
Rg =
R1 + R2 - 2R12
Where :
Rg = Resistance of grounding system
R1 = Resistance of grid conductor
R2 = Resistance of all ground rods
R12 = Mutual resistance between the group of grid conductors and group of ground rods
ρ1 2l 1 l1
R1 = ln + K1 - K2
πl1 h' A1/2
ρa
[ ]
4l 2 l2
R2 = ln - 1 + 2K1 x (ng1/2-1)2
2ngπl2 d2 A1/2
ρa 2l 1 l1
R12 = πl1 ln + K1 - K2 + 1
l2 A1/2
l2 (ρ1ρ2)
ρa =
ρ2(H-h) + ρ1(l2 + h-H)
Where :
ρ1 = 879.70 Ω M
− Soil resistivity encountered by grid conductors buried at depth h
ρ2 = 35.8 Ω M
− Soil resistivity from depth H downward
ρa = 35.3 Ω M
− Apparent soil resistivity as seen by a ground rod
h = 0.50 M Depth of grid
H = 0.5 M Thickness of the upper layer soil
h' = (d1 x 2h)1/2 = 0.12 Constants for conductors buried @ depth h
l1 = 948M Total length of grid conductors
l2 = 4.0M Average length of ground rod
ng = 20 Number of ground rods placed in area A
lr = 80.0M Total ground rod length
K1 = -0.37
Constants related to the geometry of the system
K2 = 2.9
d1 = 0.014M Diameter of grid conductor
d2 = 0.020M Diameter of ground rods
a = 18.0M Short side grid length (Average)
b = 30.0M Long side grid length
879.70 2 x 948 948

R1 = ln + -0.4 - 2.90
3.14 x 948 0.12 540
R1 = -2.5 Ω

Roxas, Palawan
2
R2 =
2 x 20 x 3.14
35.35
x 4.00
[ ln
4 x 4.00
0.02
- 1 + -2 x0.4
4.00
540
20 - 1 ]
R2 = 0.292 Ω
35.35 2 x 948 948

R12 = ln + -0.4 - 2.90 + 1
3.14 x 948 4.00 540
R12 = -0.129 Ω
-2.46 x 0.292 - -0.13 2

Rg =
-2.5 + 0.292 - 2 x -0.129
Rg = 0.39 Ω Resistance of grounding system
Calculated resistance of 0.39 is less than the minimum required value.
5. Determination of maximum grid current and ground potential rise
5.1 Determination of maximum grid current

The earth fault current IK1' entering the earth grid returns via different paths such as:
* Parts of the earth current return to the generator or transformer neutral within the power plant area (acc to IEEE 80-2000; chapter
15.8)
* Due to inductive coupling, parts of the earth current return via earth wires or cable sheath to its source (acc.to IEEE 80-2000, chapter
15.6)
* Part of the earth fault current flows via earthing impedance’s which are in parallel to the considered grid.
The remaining part flows between the earthing system of the power plant and the surrounding earth.
It is important to evaluate the type and location of those ground faults that are likely to produce the greatest flow of current between
the grounding grid and the surrounding earth, and hence the greatest rise in grid potential and largest local surface potential gradients
in the power plant area.
As per Etap software analysis, the location of fault that will produce the greatest ground potential rise will be in the Switchgear which
is 22.034kA.
It is this ground fault current which is decisive for calculation of potential rise and touch and step voltages.
Generator Neutral current:

The generator neutral current in case of a 0.4kV earth fault are estimated in a conservative way based on the available network and
generator data which is:
Uo
3Io =
Zo
Where :
Uo = 0.025kV Zero sequence impedance voltage as per Etap software Analysis.
3Io = Generator neutral fault current
Zo = 0.0146 Ω Zero sequence impedance of 0.569MVA Generator
0.025kV
3I0 = 3 x
0.0146 Ω
3I0 = 5.1 kA

Roxas, Palawan
Parallel earth impedances

In addition to the earth grid of the substation itself there are further resistances to earth such as earth grids of 0.4kV substation in
parallel. These resistances are connected via the impedance of cable sheath or earth electrodes to the substation earth grid.
Based on experience with similar sites the impedance of 0.4kV substation earth grid and connected earthing cables to different
buildings assumed to be about:
Zcable = 1.75 Ω
To be on safe side only 2 out of 6 outgoing feeders are considered for design of earthing system. The impedance to earth of parallel
earthing system comes to:
Zp = Zcable
N
Where :
Zp = Impedance to earth of parallel earth grid
Zcable = 1.75 Ω Impedance to earth of grounding cables for the 0.4kV distribution system
N = 3 Number of distribution feeder considered
Zp = 1.8
3
Zp = 0.58 Ω
Impedance to earth:
The impedance to earth of the resulting interconnected earthing system can be calculated as :
1
Zg =
1 1
+
Rg Zp
1
Zg =
1 1
+
0.390 0.583
Zg = 0.234 Ω Impedance to earth
Grid current:
The grid current, which is decisive for calculation of touch and step voltages is only a part of the whole earth fault current. The ratio
between this grid current and the earth fault current is described by the current division factor Sf (acc to IEEE 80-2000, chapter
15.1)
Under consideration of all above mentioned parts of the earth fault current the current division factor can be calculated as follows:
Zp
Sf =
Rg + Zp
0.58
Sf =
0.39 + 0.58
Sf = 0.60
According to IEEE 80 the grid current can be calculated as follows:
IG = Sf x Ik1"

Roxas, Palawan
Where :
Ik1' = 22kA Maximum earth fault current
Ik1'' = Ik1' - 3I0 Maximum grid current
IG = 0.60 x 16.90kA
IG = 10.13kA
5.2 Determination of ground potential rise:
The maximum potential rise of the earth grid with respect to the remote earth is described by the earth electrode voltage and can be
calculated by the resistance to earth and the grid current flowing between earthing system of the substation and earth.
UE = IG x Rg
UE = 10.13 x 0.390
UE = 3.95 kV (earthing electrode voltage)
6. Design of earth grid with respect to touch and step voltages
IEEE standard 80-2000 gives formulae to calculate touch and step voltages for regular earth grids.
Ground Potential Rise is defined as the maximum voltage that a station-grounding grid may attain relative to a distant grounding point
assumed to be at the potential of remote earth.
Touch voltage is defined as the potential difference between the Ground Potential Rise and the surface potential at the point where a
person is standing, while at the same time having his hands in contact with a grounded structure during a fault. To ensure that the
earth grid design is safe the calculated touch voltage for the earth grid should be lower than the tolerable touch voltage.
Step voltage is defined as the difference in surface potential experienced by a person bridging a distance of one meter with his feet,
without contacting any other grounded object during a fault. To ensure that the earth grid design is safe the calculated step voltage for
the earth grid should be lower than the tolerable step voltage.
Considering a 50kG and a body resistance of 1000Ω and the resistance of two feet in parallel the tolerable step and touch voltages
can be derived as:
[1000 + (6Cs x ρs)] x 0.116

Estep50 = Maximum tolerable step voltage
ts
[1000 + (1.5Cs x ρs)] x 0.116

Etouch50 = Maximum tolerable touch voltage
ts
Where :
ρa
0.09 1 -
ρs
Cs = 1 - Correction factor for surface resistivity
2hs + 0.09
ρs = 100 Ω M
− Concrete (wet)
hs = 0.15 M Thickness of crushed rock layer
ts = 0.5s Duration of shock current (clearing time of the back-up protection)

35.3
0.09 1 -
100
Cs = 1 -
(2 x 0.15) + 0.090
Cs = 0.85

Roxas, Palawan
Calculating tolerable step and touch voltages:
[ 1000 + ( 6 x 0.85 x 100 )] x 0.116

Estep50 =
0.5s
Estep50 = 247.8V
[ 1000 + (1.5 x 0.85 x 100 )] x 0.116

Etouch50 =
0.5s
Etouch50 = 185.0V
The calculated mesh and step voltage of the designed earth grid may be determined as:
IG
Emesh = Km x Ki x ρa x Mesh voltage
L
IG
Estep = Ks x Ki x ρa x Step voltage of the ground grid
L
Where :
Km = Geometrical factor for calculating Mesh voltage
2
(D + 2h) 2
[ ]
1 D h Kii 8
Km = ln + - + ln
2xπ 16 x h x d1 8xDxh 4d1 Kh π (2n-1)
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148n Corrective factor for grid geometry
Ks = Geometrical factor for calculating Step voltage
Ks =
1
π [ 1
2h
+
1
(D + h
+
1
D
( 1-0.5n-2 ) ]
Kii = 1 for grid with ground rods Corrective weighting factor that adjust the effect of inner
conductors in the corner mesh,
Kh = 1 + h/ho = 1.41 Corrective weighting factor that emphasizes the effect of grid depth
h0 = 0.50M (reference depth of grid)
L = 0.75l1 + 0.85lr = 779 For earthing mesh with ground rod
D = 1.2 M Spacing between parallel conductors in meter
n = 0.68 Geometric mean of the no. of parallel conductors in either direction
Km =
1
2xπ [ ln
1
16 x 0.50 x 0.01
+
(1
8x
+ 1.00) 2
1 x 0.50
-
0.50
4 x 0.01
+
1
1.41
ln
8
π (2 x 0.68 - 1) ]
Km = 0.47
Ki = 0.644 + 0.101
Ki = 0.74
1
[ 1 1 1 1-2
Ks = + + ( 1- 0.5 )
π 2 x 0.50 1 + 0.50 1
KS = 0.11

Roxas, Palawan
Calculating the mesh and step voltages of the designed earthing grid:
10.13 x 1000
Emesh = 0.47 x 0.74 x 35 x
779
Emesh = 162.0V
0.74 10.13 x 1000

Estep = 0.11 x x 35 x
779
Estep = 38.0V
Conclusions:
*
The calculated mesh voltage is less than the tolerable touch voltage, the earth grid is sufficient with respect to touch voltages.
* The calculated step voltage of the designed earth gird is less than the tolerable step voltage, the earth grid is safe with respect to step
voltages.
7. Earthing system
7.1. Foundation earth electrodes
Reinforced concrete foundations are normally used as foundation earth in new buildings. The required equipotential bonding in buildings with
electrical installations is made much more effective by these foundation earth electrodes.
As material for foundation earth electrodes, steel strips of a minimum cross-section of 25x5mm should be used. The steel shall be
galvanized.
For extended foundations of main buildings the following measures are recommended.
Steel electrodes should be laid in the lowest concrete layer, for example on the lowest steel mat. So steel electrodes are throughout covered
with concrete and protected from corrosion. The minimum distance to the foundation subgrade should be 5 cm. The steel electrodes should
form a meshed grid with the maximum mesh width of 5x5m. The steel electrodes should be welded at each node of the grid.
For the connection of the indoor earthing system (main earthing conductor, equipotential bonding) several risers from the foundation should
be provided.
7.2. Indoor earthing system
The switchgear building shall have a foundation earth electrode. In the parts of the building with equipment there shall be main earthing
conductors with minimum copper cross sections of: 120 mm sq. bare cooper cable
All earthing conductors from switchgear, control cubicles and other equipment shall be connected to the main earthing. The 0.4kV
Switchgear enclosure will be earthed with a copper conductor cross section of 1 x 120mmsq. at minimum 2 diagonal location.
The structural steel mats in the floor of 0.4kV the switchgear room have to be laid overlapping and spot welded several locations.
* Hence the building already exist and there was no foundation earthing considered during the construction stage, a raised
flooring system must be installed in order to eliminate the effect of ground potential rise during fault condition.

Roxas, Palawan
* The structural steel mats have to be welded to the anchor rails or plates for the switchgear and the metal frame for control cubicles.
* Risers from the structural steel mats have to lead to indoor earthing system.
* Cables for secondary control wiring shall be screened and the screens shall be earthed on both sides in a low inductive manner.
* The screen of cables leading into control and protection cubicles has to be connected to the metal enclosure of the cubicle immediately
when entering.
The system grounding and the indoor grounding system should be interconnected. For this purpose links between PE conductors and main
earthing conductors are required.
The outdoor earthing system has to be connected to the main earthing conductor in the building at not less than 4 points.
7.3. Outdoor earthing system
In the open air area of the substation a meshed earth grid of buried bare stranded copper conductor of 1 x 120mm sq. having a mesh width
of about 1.2m x 1.2m and buried at a depth of 500mm has to be installed below graded level. A total of 20 vertical earthing rods of copper
clad steel of 20mm dia. and 4000mm long shall be installed uniformly through the perimeter of the grid. The area shall be covered with a
layer of crushed rock 150mm thick.
Potential grading earth electrodes comprising of 120mm sq. copper conductor shall surround the building and the transformer foundations
at a distance of 1 meter. The potential grading electrodes should be buried at a depth of 500mm and shall be connected to the indoor
earthing system.
0.4kV Switchgear should be connected to the earth grid by copper earthing conductors with a cross section of 1 x 120mm sq.at diagonally
opposite points.
Generators should be connected to the earth grid by copper earthing conductors with a cross section of 1 x 120mm sq.at diagonally opposite
points.
The lightning protection system comprising of lightning rod with spikes shall be provided for the substation building which shall be sufficient to
cover substation and equipment installed outdoor against damage due to effect of lightning. The lightning protection system shall be
connected to the main earthing grid.
8. Summary
For the earthing system of Banwa Island Power Plant is designed according to the standard IEEE 80-2000.
The calculation of the designed ground grid according to IEEE has shown that the ground grid meets the requirements with respect to
tolerable touch and step voltages.
The calculated ground potential rise in case of maximum ground fault current is: UE = 3.95kV

Erdc D0007

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THIS DRAWING AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN ARE THE SOLE PROPERTY OF ECORESORT DEVELOPMENTCORPORATION.

GROUNDING GRID DESIGN

Raymund C. Antonio - REE

CABLE AND CIRCUIT BREAKER SIZING CALCULATION

F:\Projects\Banwa Island\Calculation\Earthing\ERDC-D0007 3/17/202010:15 AM

3. Thermal design of earthing conductors and earth electrodes

5. Determination of maximum grid current and ground potential

6. Design of earth grid with respect to touch and step voltages

F:\Projects\Banwa Island\Calculation\Earthing\ERDC-D0007 3/17/202010:15 AM

2.1. Description of site

* Power Station Building with

* Underground Fuel Tank

2.3. Network data

2.4. Specific soil resistivity

F:\Projects\Banwa Island\Calculation\Earthing\ERDC-D0007 3/17/202010:15 AM

3. Thermal design of earthing conductors and earth electrodes

Therefore the mesh conductor should have a minimum cross section of :

Amesh = Amin x 1.1

F:\Projects\Banwa Island\Calculation\Earthing\ERDC-D0007 3/17/202010:15 AM

879.70 2 x 948 948

F:\Projects\Banwa Island\Calculation\Earthing\ERDC-D0007 3/17/202010:15 AM

35.35 2 x 948 948

-2.46 x 0.292 - -0.13 2

Rg = 0.39 Ω Resistance of grounding system

Calculated resistance of 0.39 is less than the minimum required value.

5. Determination of maximum grid current and ground potential rise

5.1 Determination of maximum grid current

Generator Neutral current:

F:\Projects\Banwa Island\Calculation\Earthing\ERDC-D0007 3/17/202010:15 AM

Parallel earth impedances

Zg = 0.234 Ω Impedance to earth

According to IEEE 80 the grid current can be calculated as follows:

F:\Projects\Banwa Island\Calculation\Earthing\ERDC-D0007 3/17/202010:15 AM

5.2 Determination of ground potential rise:

UE = 3.95 kV (earthing electrode voltage)

6. Design of earth grid with respect to touch and step voltages

[1000 + (6Cs x ρs)] x 0.116

[1000 + (1.5Cs x ρs)] x 0.116

ts = 0.5s Duration of shock current (clearing time of the back-up protection)

F:\Projects\Banwa Island\Calculation\Earthing\ERDC-D0007 3/17/202010:15 AM

Calculating tolerable step and touch voltages:

[ 1000 + ( 6 x 0.85 x 100 )] x 0.116

[ 1000 + (1.5 x 0.85 x 100 )] x 0.116

Ki = 0.644 + 0.148n Corrective factor for grid geometry

Ks = Geometrical factor for calculating Step voltage

h0 = 0.50M (reference depth of grid)

L = 0.75l1 + 0.85lr = 779 For earthing mesh with ground rod

D = 1.2 M Spacing between parallel conductors in meter

n = 0.68 Geometric mean of the no. of parallel conductors in either direction

F:\Projects\Banwa Island\Calculation\Earthing\ERDC-D0007 3/17/202010:15 AM

0.74 10.13 x 1000

7.1. Foundation earth electrodes

7.2. Indoor earthing system

F:\Projects\Banwa Island\Calculation\Earthing\ERDC-D0007 3/17/202010:15 AM

7.3. Outdoor earthing system

F:\Projects\Banwa Island\Calculation\Earthing\ERDC-D0007 3/17/202010:15 AM

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