Basic electricity class 2

On the basis of flow of electrons all the materials can be devided

into three types they are

Conductor: conductor is an object or type of material that allows

the flow of an electrical current through them.
Materials made of metal are common electrical conductors.
Band gap 0ev
 Basic electricity class 2
• Insulators: insulators are the object which does not allows
the flow of an electrical current through them.
Band gap 5ev

Semiconductor: semiconductors those materials whose

conductivity is lie in between conductors and insulators.
Electrons from valence band can jumped into conduction
band.
Band gap 1ev
 Basic electricity class 2
Electric field: region or space around a charged body is called
electric field.

Coulomb’s law:like charges repel and opposite charges

attract, with a force proportional to the product of the
charges and inversely proportional to the square of the
distance between them.
 Basic electricity class 2
Electric circuit: An electric circuit is a path in which electrons
from a voltage or current source flow.
The point where those electrons enter an electrical circuit is
called the "source" of electrons.
 Basic electricity class 2
Basic electrical terms:
1. EMF
2. Potential
3. Potential difference or voltage.
4. Resistance
5. Ohm’s law
6. Ampere
7. Electrical power
8. Electric capacitance
 Basic electricity class 2
Electro motive force: the which setup a flow of current in a
circuit or a conductor is called e.m.f.
• Generated by a cell, battery etc.
• Unit is Volt.

potential: the electrical status of a body which decides the

direction of flow is called potential.

Potential difference: the flow of current through sets up a

difference of potentials of two terminals. This difference is
called potential difference.
Unit is Volt.
 Basic electricity class 2
Difference in between EMF and voltage:
• When a current flowing through a circuit is zero, potential
difference (voltage) of the circuit is zero. But EMF will not be
zero.

Resistance: the property of opposing the flow of current of a

substance.
Units ohm.
 Basic electricity class 2
Ohm’s law: the potential difference (voltage) across an ideal
conductor is proportional to the current through it. the
constant of proportionality is called the "resistance", r.
V=IR
• where V is the potential difference between two points
• which include a resistance R
 Basic electricity class 2
AMPERE:
• If one coulomb of charge is passed through a point in one
second the magnitude of the current will be one ampere
• it is the unit of current .
• its symbol is A.
I = q/t
Where I is current
Q is charge
T is time
 Basic electricity class 2
Electrical power: the rate of doing work by an electrical
machine.
• Symbol is P
• Electrical unit is watt.
P= w/t
P is power in watts, W is work In joule, T is time in sec.

Electric capacitance: the ability to store an electric charge is

called electric capacitance.
• The components which stores the electric charge is called
capacitor.