Institut Teknologi Pertama Operating System

List of Figures
Title Page No.
Figure 1—(Earth Simulator) 43
Figure 2—(Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASCI Q)) 45
Figure 3—(MCR Linux Cluster) 46
Figure 4—(ASCI WHITE) 47
Figure 5—(Seaborg) 48

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Institut Teknologi Pertama Operating System

List of Slides
Title Page No.
LOC 1:
Slide 1—(Learning Outcome 1) 1
Slide 2—(Fundamental Overview of Operating System) 3
Slide 3—(The History of Operating Systems) 4
Slide 4—(Various Types of Operating Systems) 6
Slide 5—(The Overview of Operating System) 8
LOC 2:
Slide 1—(Learning Outcome 2) 10
Slide 2—(Evaluate the Key Features and Functions of Operating Systems) 11
Slide 3—(The Features of Windows NT Server 4.0) 12
Slide 4—(Operating System Functions) 19
Slide 5—(An Integrated Experimental Environment for
Distributed Systems and Networks) 21
LOC 3:
Slide 1—(Learning Outcome 3) 23
Slide 2—(Describe the Roles and Tasks of Systems Administrators) 24
Slide 3—(The Jobs for Systems Administrators) 26
LOC 4:
Slide 1—(Learning Outcome 4) 31
Slide 2—(Investigate the Various Implementations of Operating Systems for
Different Computer Hardware Platforms) 32
Slide 3—(The History of UNIX) 34
Slide 4—(AS400) 39
Slide 5—(Supercomputers) 43

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Contents

Title Page No.

List of Figures i
List of Slides ii
LOC 1: Describe the Fundamental Overview of Operating System 1-9
LOC 2: Evaluate the Features and Functions of Operating System 10-22
LOC 3: Describe the Roles and Tasks of Systems Administrators 23-30
LOC 4: Investigate the Various Implementation of Operating Systems for
Different Computer Hardware Platforms 31-49
Conclusion 49
Bibliography 50
Practical 51

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Slide 1

Scenario:
 The organization that you are currently working with was recently bought over by

a group of investors form Taiwan. As part of their exercise to garner information

on the existing computer systems and platforms that are available in the

organization, you are asked to provide a briefing to the new management team.
 Currently, there is an IBM mainframe in your organization that is mainly used as

centralized repository of company’s clients database and business transactions.

In addition, a Hewlett-Packard mini-computer operating in a UNIX environment is

also being used for back-office applications. There are about a couple of

hundred of PC’s that are networked to a LAN server operating under the Novell

Netware network operating system.

Tasks:
 Since the new management team does not have extensive background in

information technology, you are asked to provide a briefing on the history of

operating systems and the scope of use of the operating systems.

 Provide a technical comparison on the various types of operating systems for the

four categories of computers in your organization-mainframe, mini-computer,

LAN sever, and PCs.

Introduction of Operating System

The operating system (OS) is exploits the hardware resources of one or more

processors to provide a set of services to system users. The operating system also

maintains secondary memory and input/output (I/O) devices on behalf of its users.

The main objectives of operating systems are convenience, efficiency and ability to

develop.

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Slide 2

 The History of Operating Systems

 Earliest computers
 Bare hardware
 Computer operators
 Device drivers and library functions
 UNIX takes over mainframes
 UNIX to the desktop
 Various Types of Operating Systems
 GUI Operating System
 Multi-user Operating System
 Multitasking Operating System
 Multiprocessing Operating System
 Multithreading Operating System
 The Overview of Operating Systems
 The Overview of Windows 2000 Professional
 Windows 95 Overview
 Windows 98 Overview
 Windows XP Overview

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Slide 3

 Earliest computers
 The first computers were analog and digital computers made with

intricate gear systems by the Greeks.

 The first practical computers were made by the Inca using ropes and

pulleys. Knots in the ropes served the purpose of binary digits

 In the 1800s, the first computers were programmable devices for

controlling the weaving machines in the factories of the Industrial

Revolution.
 In the 1900s, researchers started experimenting with both analog and

digital computers using vacuum tubes.

 Bare hardware
 In the earliest days of electronic digital computing, everything was done

on the bare hardware. The researchers worked directly on the “bare

hardware”. There was no operating system.

 The experimenters wrote their programs in assembly language and a

running program had complete control of the entire computer.

Debugging consisted of a combination of fixing both the software and

hardware, rewriting the object code and changing the actual computer

itself.
 Computer operators
 The programmers prepare their work off-line on some input medium

(often on punched cards, paper tape, or magnetic tape) and then hand

the work to a computer operator.

 The operator would transfer the results to some output medium

(punched tape, paper tape, magnetic tape, or printed paper) and deliver

the results to the appropriate programmer.

 Device drivers and library functions
 Soon after the first successes with digital computer experiments,

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computers moved out of the lab and into practical use.

 As computer use increased, programmers noticed that they were

duplicating the same efforts. So, the library functions were published

and distributed for free, an early example of the power of the open

source approach to software development.

 UNIX takes over mainframes
 UNIX was originally developed in a laboratory at AT&T’s Bell Labs.
 UNIX quickly spread throughout the academic world, as it solved the

problem of keeping track of many (sometimes dozens) of proprietary

operating systems on university computers.

 UNIX quickly swept through the commercial world, pushing aside almost

all proprietary mainframe operating systems.

 UNIX to the desktop
 Among the early commercial attempts to deploy UNIX on desktop

computers was AT&T selling UNIX.

 Some famous companies developed the UNIX to the desktop.
 To date, the UNIX is more widely to use.

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Slide 4

 GUI Operating System

 Short for Graphical User Interface a GUI Operating System contains

graphics and icons and is commonly navigated using by using a

computer mouse. Below are some examples of GUI Operating Systems.

 For examples:
 System 7.x
 Windows 98
 Windows CE
 Multi-user Operating System
 A multi-user Operating System allows for multiple users to use the same

computer at the same time and/or different times. Below are some

examples of multi-user Operating Systems.

 For examples:
 Linux
 UNIX
 Windows 2000
 Multitasking Operating System
 An Operating systems that is capable of allowing multiple software

processes to be run at the same time. Below are some examples of

multitasking Operating Systems.

 For examples:
 UNIX
 Windows 2000
 Multiprocessing Operating System
 An Operating System capable of supporting and utilizing more than one

computer processor. Below are some examples of multiprocessing

Operating Systems.
 For examples:

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 Linux
 UNIX
 Windows 2000
 Multithreading Operating System
 Operating systems that allow different parts of software program to run

concurrently. Operating systems that would fall into this category are:
 Linux
 UNIX
 Windows 2000

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Slide 5

 The Overview of Windows 2000 Professional

 Windows 2000 Professional is the latest edition of the Microsoft

Operating System series for end-users.

 Windows 2000 is based of the Windows NT Kernel and is sometimes

referred to as Windows NT 5.0.

 Windows 2000 contains over 29 Million lines of code mainly written in

C++ 8 Million of those lines alone are written for drivers.

 Windows 95 Overview
 Windows 95 is more perfect than Windows 3.11.
 Some of the new features that Windows 95 have which Windows 3.x

does not have are:

 Plug and play
 32bits
 Registry
 Memory
 Right mouse click
 CD-player
 Windows 98 Overview
 Microsoft Windows 98 is the upgrade to Microsoft Windows 95. While

this was not as big as release as Windows 95, Windows 98 has

significant updates, fixes and support for new peripherals.

 The following is a list of some of its new features:
 Protection
 Improved support
 FAT 32
 Interface
 PnP
 Internet Explorer 4.0

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 Customizable Taskbar
 Includes Plus!
 Active Desktop
 Windows XP Overview
 Microsoft Windows XP is short for Windows Experienced and is the

convergence of the two major Microsoft operating systems into one.

 Windows XP is designed more for users who may not be familiar with all

of Windows features and has several new abilities to make the Windows

experience easier for those users.

 New features of Windows XP:
 New interface
 Updates
 Internet Explorer 6
 Multilingual support

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