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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
industry in Indonesia. The audiencies are not only adults or teenagers but
also children. The high quality pictures and also an interesting story have
language used. Therefore, the film producers must transfer English as the
target language text. For the translator, translating is not always an easy
job because it has some constraints and limitations. Many of the translators
figurative speech of the Target Language (TL) for the figurative speech of
the Source Language (SL). The types of figurative speech that are
2
George VI), known to his wife and family as "Bertie". England's Prince
Albert must ascend the throne as King George VI, but he suffers from
Rush), an Australian actor and speech therapist, to help him overcome his
confidenlly.
problem in some data, there is more than one translation approaches in one
figurative speech.
speech into thirteen (13) types, they are: alliteration, anaphora, assonance,
English into Indonesian in Tom Hooper’s film “The King’s Speech” and
finding out the problems that may occur in translating figurative speech
attempts to describe the translation which are used in The King’s Speech
film. James (1997) says that “descriptive research studies are designed to
descriptive, which means that the analyzed data and its findings are in the
procedures:
1. Reading The King’s Speech film script and its translation by Rizal Adam;
2. Identifying all the available data related to idiomatic expressions,
Definitions of Translation
2005: 3).
figure of speech is a word or phrase which is used for special effect, and
which does not have its usual or literal meaning. The two most common
figures of speech are the simile and the metaphor. According to my data
1. Idiomatic expressions
translation does not sound like a translation (p. 18). Armstrong (2005:121)
2. Hyperbole
funny.”
3. Irony
Chesterman (2000) said that “with irony, a word or words are taken in the
opposite way from their literal meaning (p. 1) and “Irony is using words
where the meaning is the opposite of their usual meaning (p. 26).
4. Assonance
Shift or Transposition
8
Catford’s shifts which are cited by Venuti in his book The Translation
Cohesive Device
a. Cohesion
b. Anaphora
c. Ellipsis
Trope vs Scheme
Andrew Chesterman (2000:1) said that “Tropes and schemes are both
figure of speech that add color and interest to language. These are devices
that contribute to the style of the author and can help to get the point
recipient.”
1. Trope Change
106).
not. Semantically related but still the same type of trope as the ST
trope.
2. Scheme Change
ST parallelism → TT chiasmus).
are quite naturally some expressions which are reduced in the process
b. Duff (1984:22) said that “... a translation may be shorter than the
original.”
11
passages.”
originals. This does not mean, of course, that all long translations are
necessarily good. It only means that in the process of transfer from one
transmitter.”
Naturalization
a. Venuti (2000:237) citing André Lefevere (1982) stated that “Since
nonsensical translation.”
Literal Translation
a. Neubert (1983) stated on Newmark’s book A Text Book of Translation
ever.”
b. Newmark stated on his book A Text Book of Translation (1988:69)
Free Translation
a. Pei and Gaynor (1954:77) stated that “A free translation is a translation
that reproduce the general meaning of the original text. It may or may
translated.”
organization.
CHAPTER II
1969:20).
b. Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest
target language (TL) so as to ensure that (1) the surface meaning og the
two will be approximately similar and (2) the structures of the SL will
(Pinchuck, 1977:38).
from the SL into the TL and it is obvious that producing natural and
SL text should be transferred into the TL text so that the target readers
the SL text.
“an expression such as a simile, in which words do not have their literal
16
meaning, but are categorized as multi-word expressions that act in the text
elements of clarity, forth and beauty in the language (Tajali, 2003: 100).
Gorys Keraf said on his book Diksi dan Gaya Bahasa (1998) there
are twenty (20) types of figurative speech. Nevertheless, there are only
four types of figurative speech that are analyzed in this research, there are
a. Idiomatic Expression
Larson (1998:17) said that “Meaning-based translations make
For example:
SL: Raining cats and dogs.
TL: Hujan deras.
b. Hyperbole
Larson (1998:127) citing Beekman and Callow 1974:118, said that
c. Irony
Irony is the opposite of what one means, (Perrine, 1977:103).
are taken in the opposite way from their literal meaning (p. 1) and
example:
SL: I must confess that in my quest I felt depressed and
restless.
TL: Aku harus mengakui bahwa dalam pencarianku, aku
Catford’s shifts which are cited by Venuti in his book The Translation
language).
example:
SL: I had my car repaired.
TL: Saya memperbaiki mobil saya.
The sentence in the source text is in the passive form but translated
example:
is a morpheme)
a. Cohesion
According to Larson (1998:44) “In any text, the reference to
it.
TL: Selalu ingin membuat model. Tapi ayahku tak
mengizinkannya.
c. Ellipsis
Guy Cook (1989:20) stated that ellipsis is “omitting part of
word bunga is intensionally left out but the meaning of the word
Andrew Chesterman (2000:1) said that “Tropes and schemes are both
figure of speech that add color and interest to language. These are devices
21
that contribute to the style of the author and can help to get the point
recipient.”
3. Trope Change
106).
not. Semantically related but still the same type of trope as the ST
4. Scheme Change
SL: From what i’ve tasted of desire, I hold with those who
favor fire.
assonance.
there are quite naturally some expressions which are reduced in the
original.”
f. Newmark (1986:39) also mentioned that ”Generally, a
than the originals. This does not mean, of course, that all long
longer.”
b. Duff (1981:23) said that “padding occurs when words are merely
2.7 Naturalization
nonsensical translation.”
For example:
SL: I’m still feeling a little homesick.
TL: Saya masih merasa sedikit kangen rumah/keluarga.
The phrase ‘homesick’ sounds awkward if it is translated into ‘sakit
more regal.
TL: .... mencari orang yang sedikit lebih muda dan sedikit
that reproduce the general meaning of the original text. It may or may
translated.”
For example:
SL: The small building to worship to Allah is more in use in
the village.
TL: Di desa lebih banyak musholla yang di gunakan untuk
CHAPTER III
DATA ANALYSIS
However, in this chapter, I only took fifteen (15) data that were the most
difficult to be solved. Those fifteen (15) data are grouped into four
categories, namely nine (9) idiomatic expressions, one (1) hyperbole, two
(2) ironies, three (3) assonances out of the thirty nine (39) data.
into a non-idiomatic word ‘santai saja’ refering to the later sentence (p. 3)
“Bertie is frozen at the microphone. His neck and jaw muscles contract
(2000:1255) take your time means ‘to use as much time as you need
without trying.’ The idiomatic expression take your time is translated into
Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, ‘dalam keadaan santai dan senggang’ (p.
1362) and ‘saja’ (adv) ‘seenaknya; sesuka hati’ (p. 1341). Alan Duff on
phrase Just take your time in the SL text “I am sure you will be splendid.
Just take your time” translated into adjective phrase ‘Santai saja’ in the TL
text “Ku yakin anda pasti hebat. Santai saja” is correct. The translation is
maksud, dsb) ‘betul atau cocok’ (tt dugaan, ramalan, dsb) (p. 1684). Alan
translation.”
Naturally, the idiomatic expression isn’t my strong suit translated
into ‘tidak tepat’ refering to the previous sentence (p. 15) Bertie: “Out of
the question. I’m not having this conversation again. The matter’s settled.”
strong suit in the SL text “Timing isn’t my strong suit” translated into
five words and it is translated into only one word ‘salah’ thus the
tree means ‘to have the wrong idea about how to get or achieve sth.’
‘salah’ (p. 240). Alan Duff on his book Principles of Translation (1990:10-
barking up the wrong tree in the SL text “You’re barking up the wrong
tree now, Doctor, Doctor ”translated into an adjective ‘salah’ in the TL text
Dictionary (2000:1264) top up means ‘to fill sb’s glass or cup with sth
‘yang dibubuhkan pada yang sudah ada supaya menjadi lebih banyak’ (p.
1605) and ‘lagi’ (p) ‘tambah sekian’ (p. 855). Alan Duff on his book
in the SL text “Do you want a top up?” translated into a noun phrase
‘tambah lagi’ in the TL text “Anda mau tambah lagi?” is correct. The
5. SL: ...there are people marching across Europe singing The Red Flag?
TL: ...sementara Eropa sedang memanas?
Semantically, the idiomatic expression singing the red flag is
79) Chamberlain: “...a state of war would exist between us.” According to
English (1974:706) red flag (n) means (a). ‘Flag used as a symbol of
the red flag in the SL text “...there are people marching across Europe
singing The Red Flag?” translated into verb phrase ‘sedang memanas’ in
TL: Namun dia akan tetap mencobanya. Masalah yang sangat besar.
Semantically, The idiomatic expression All hell’s broken loose is
that?”. Bertie: “Absolutely not.” Also refering to the later sentence (p.58)
(2000:558) All hell broke loose means ‘suddenly there was a lot of noise
dicarikan jalan keluarnya’ (p. 992) and ‘sangat besar’ (adj) ‘amat’,
hell’s broken loose in the SL text “But he’s going to anyway. All hell’s
broken loose” translated into noun phrase ‘Masalah yang sangat besar’ in
the TL text “Namun dia akan tetap mencobanya. Masalah yang sangat
previous sentence (p. 57) Bertie: “Don’t instruct me on my duties! I’m the
‘thinking you are more important than you really are, particularly because
translation.”
source language is shorter then the target language, which means there is
longer than the originals. This does not mean, of course, that all long
inevitable that the resulting translation will turn out tobe longer.”
Semantically, the idiomatic expression Shell-shocked is translated
(p. 72) Lionel: “When the Great War came, our boys were pouring back
shock is (n) ‘a mental illness that can affect soldiers who have been in a
battle for a long time.’ According to Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia ‘stres’
35
gangguan luar’ (p. 1529) and ‘akibat’ (n) ‘sesuatu yang menjadi
‘pertempuran bersenjata antara dua negara’ (p. 1156). Alan Duff on his
translated into noun phrase ‘Stres akibat perang’ in the TL text “Stres
sounds natural instead of ‘not able to speak because you are shy or
‘jaga’ (v) ‘perbuatan menjaga’ (p. 606) and ‘ketat’ (adj, kiasan) means
‘tetap tidak dapat diubah, tanpa kecuali’ (p. 761). According to Tesaurus
omongan’ (p. 210) and ‘ketat’ (adj) ‘cermat’, ‘teliti’ (p. 251). Alan Duff on
that reproduce the general meaning of the original text. It may or may not
Catford (1965) stated “these are amongst the most frequent category shifts
3.2 Hyperbole
37
hyperbole ‘dia gagap dengan begitu indahnya’ the translator adopts literal
“...Bertie breaks down, fierce, wracking sobs. Elizabeth speaks softly, with
seek the equivalence of the most appropriate for it. According to Oxford
means (vi, vt) ‘speak haltingly with a tendency to repeat rapidly the same
sound or syllable’ (p. 840) and ‘beautifully’ (adv) means ‘in a ~ manner’
‘cara bicara yang gagap’ (p. 551) and ‘beautifully’ (kk) ‘dengan indah’
said than the writer intended the reader to understand. The exaggeration is
“a trope is simply figure of speech. Tropes and schemes are both figure of
speech that add color and interest to language. These are devices that
contribute to the style of the author and can help to get the point across.
One way they do this is by appealing to the emotions of the recipient. This
3.3 Irony
1. SL: Makes it official then.
TL: Kalau begitu gelar bodohnya sudah resmi.
The text Makes it official then is translated into irony ‘Kalau
begitu gelar bodohnya sudah resmi’ refering to the previous sentence (p.
21) Lionel: “They’re idiots.” The word it in the SL text “Makes it official
noun phrase ‘gelar bodohnya.’ Thus the word it is a cohesive device. This
is anaphorically refers to the text before “My physicians say it relaxes the
throat. They’re idiots” (p. 21). On the Textual Cohesion “Anaphoric refers
Alwi (2003)
“Kohesi merujuk pada keterkaitan antar preposisi yang
secara eksplisit di ungkapkan oleh kalimat-kalimat yang
digunakan (p. 41). Anafora adalah peranti dalam bahasa
untuk membuat rujuk silang dengan hal atau kata yang
telah di katakan sebelumnya. Peranti itu dapat berupa kata
ganti persona seperti dia, mereka, nomina tertentu,
konjungsi, keterangan waktu, alat, dan cara (p. 43).
-“nya” dan beliau yang dapat dipakai untuk menyatakan milik.” Contoh:
speech. Tropes and schemes are both figure of speech that add color and
interest to language. These are devices that contribute to the style of the
author and can help to get the point across. One way they do this is by
appealing to the emotions of the recipient. With irony, a word or words are
(1974), little (adj) means ‘small or small in comparison, some but not
much; a small quantity of’ (p. 497) and country (n) means ‘land, land used
for farming, land consisting of open spaces’ (p. 196) and shack (n) means
‘small, roughly built shed, hut or house’ (usu of wood) (p. 783). Irony is
(2000:1) said that “with irony, a word or words are taken in the opposite
into ‘gubuk kecil’ is based on trope change theory. ST trope X→TT trope
and schemes are both figure of speech that add color and interest to
language. These are devices that contribute to the style of the author and
can help to get the point across. One way they do this is by appealing to
3.4 Assonance
words that are close together.” The text our Maker sounds unnatural if it
English (1974), maker (n) means ‘the Creator; God’ (p. 515) and
(1989), maker (kb) ‘Sang Pencipta’ (p. 371) and redeemer (kb) ‘penebus’
(p. 472). According to Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia ‘sang’ (part) ‘kata
yang dipakai di depan nama orang, binatang, atau benda yang dianggap
hidup atau dimuliakan’ (p. 1357) and ‘penebus’ (n) ‘orang yang menebus’,
change theory. ST scheme X→TT scheme Y. That is, the ST scheme can
several times for emphasis. Tropes and schemes are both figure of speech
that add color and interest to language. These are devices that contribute to
the style of the author and can help to get the point across. One way they
word ikan is intensionally left out but the meaning of the word does not
one of the fish species. Guy Cook (1989:20) stated that ellipsis is
the context will make the meaning clear is known as ellipsis.” According
Edition, By John M. Echols and Hasan Sadily (1989), herring (kb) ‘ikan
haring’ (p. 297). The assonance Herrings don’t have wings is translated
change theory. ST scheme X→TT scheme Y. That is, the ST scheme can
several times for emphasis. Tropes and schemes are both figure of speech
that add color and interest to language. These are devices that contribute to
44
the style of the author and can help to get the point across. One way they
boat, etc to) ‘move or steer to one side, eg to let another vehicle or boat
pass’ (p. 677) and shelter (n) means ‘condition of being kept safe, eg from
Third Edition, By John M. Echols and Hasan Sadily (1989), pull over
‘pindah’ (tempat) (p. 456) and shelter (kb) (tempat) ‘perlindungan’ (p.
520).
The translation of assonance in the SL pull over and find shelter
change theory. ST scheme X→TT scheme Y. That is, the ST scheme can
several times for emphasis. Tropes and schemes are both figure of speech
that add color and interest to language. These are devices that contribute to
45
the style of the author and can help to get the point across. One way they
CHAPTER IV
4.1 Conclusion
four types of figurative speech found in the Tom Hooper’s film “The
King’s Speech”. They are nine idiomatic expressions, one hyperbole, two
ironies, three assonances. The translation approaches there are also found
translation approaches on the data. They are shift (unit shifts 9 data) and
language text and the target language text. So translating the figurative
4.2 Suggestion
figurative speech, and the effect caused by the approaches used in terms of
knowledge.
want to conduct further research about figurative speech. This research can
approaches proposed by several theorists that are used in this research can
speech.
48
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alwi, Hasan. et al. (2003). Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai
Pustaka.
Nida, Eugene and Charles R. Taber. (1982). The Theory and Practice of
Translation. Netherlands: Second Photomechanical Reprint.
Seidler, David. (2010). The King’s Speech Screen Play. See-Saw Films/Bedlam
Productions.
Sugono, Dendi. et al. (2008). Tesaurus Bahasa Indonesia Pusat Bahasa. Jakarta:
Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.
Sugono, Dendi. et al. (2008). Kamus Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa
Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.
APPENDIX
TL: Nilai taruhannya satu shilling, Kawan. Kau bisa kaya saat pulang.
18. SL: I give you my word we’ve never had immoral relations.
TL: Aku bersumpah kami tak pernah memiliki hubungan yang mesum.
19. SL: Get it out boy!
TL: Ucapkanlah, Nak!
20. SL: ...We must build up the strength in your diaphragm.
TL: ...Kita harus membangun kekuatan pada diafragmamu.
21. SL: ...George to the mercy of God, our Maker and Redeemer.
TL: ...George pada kasih tuhan, Sang Pencipta dan Penebus kami.
TL: ...kita tak mau mata iblis itu menatapmu sepanjang pidato.
COVER OF FILM
54
CV (Curriculum Vitae)
55
Personal Data
Name : Haidar Zulkarnain
Place and Date of Birth : Jakarta, 5 Oktober 1992
Sex : Male
Nation : Indonesian
Status : Single
Height/Weight : 180 cm/60 kg
Religion : Islam
Address : Jl. Penggilingan Baru III No. 81 Rt 011/004 Kel.
Dukuh Kec. Keramat Jati Jakarta Timur 13550
Phone : 081311157284
E-mail : idanglagilari@gmail.com
Education
1. Strata 1 English Department Faculty of Letters. Graduated 2016
(Sertificated)
2. Madrasah Aliyah Pondok Pesantren Modern Nurul Hijrah. Graduated 2010
(Sertificated)
3. Madrasah Tsanawiyah Pondok Pesantren Modern Nurul Hijrah. Graduated
2007 (Sertificated)
4. SDN Dukuh 09 Pagi Jakarta Timur. Graduated 2004 (Sertificated)
Organization Experience
2008- Health Section
2012- Maulid Organizer
2013- 2015 Qurban Organizer
Skills
Internet
English Language
Arabic Language
Work Experience
Crew EO Indonesian Aquaculture
My regard,
(Haidar Zulkarnain)