1. MENDELIAN INHERITANCES.

a. Monohybrid.
P. ♂ Black X ♀ White
BB bb
G1. B b
F1. Bb
(Black)
G2. B-b
F2.

♂ B b
♀
B BB Bb
Black Black
B Bb bb
Black White
F2. ratio = Black : White = 3 : 1.
Black

b. Mendelian dihybrid
P. ♂ Black-short X ♀ White-long
BBSS bbss
G1. BS bs
F1. BbSs
(Black-short)
G2. BS – Bs – bS – bs
F2.
♂ BS Bs bS bs Bb
♀ Black
BS BBSS BBSs BbSS BbSs
Bs BBSs BBss BbSs Bbss
bS BbSS BbSs bbSS bbSs
Bs BBSs BBss BbSs bbss

F2. ratio = Bl-Sh : Bl-Lg : Wh-Sh : Wh-Lg = 9 : 3 : 3 : 1

2. NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCES.
a. Incomplete dominancies &
b. Intermedier Inheritances
P. ♂ Red X ♀ White
RR WW
G1. R W
F1. RW
(Orange)
F2.
♂ R W
♀
R RR RW
Red Orange
W RW WW
Orange White

F2. ratio = Red : Orange : White = 1 : 2 : 1

c. Epistasis
(Deaf-mutism).
P. ♂ Normal X ♀ Normal
DdMm DdMm
G1. DM-Dm-dM-dm
F2.

♂ DM Dm dM dm
♀
DM DDMM DDMM DdMM DdMm
Normal Normal Normal Normal
Dm DDMm DDmm DdMm Ddmm
Normal Deaf-mute Normal Deaf-mute
dM DdMM DdMm ddMM DdMm
Normal Normal Deaf-mute Deaf-mute
Dm DdMm Ddmm ddMm ddmm
Normal Deaf-mute Deaf-mute Deaf-mute
F2.ratio = Normal : Deaf-mute = 9 : 7.

d. Multiple gene Imheritances.

Lebih dari sepasang gen bekerjasama → satu fenotip.
Contoh :
a. Tinggi-badan,
b. Warna-kulit
c. Hypertensi herediter.
d. Diabetes-mellitus herediter.
Faktor lingkungan sangat berpengaruh
→ Phenotype = Genotype + Environment.

e. Multiple alleles.
i. ABO blood-groups.
ii. Rhesus-factor.
 Phenotype Genotype
A IAIA / IAIO
B IBIB / IBIO
AB IAIB
O IOIO

i. ABO blood-groups
P. ♂ A-Group het. X ♀ B-Group. Het.
A O
I I IB IO
G1. IA – IO IB – IO
F1.
♂ IA IO
♀
IB IAIB IB IO
IO IAIO IOIO

ii. Rhesus-factor
♂ Rhesus positif heterozigot X ♀ Rhesus positive heterozigot
Rr Rr
G1. R–r R–r
F1.

♂ R r
♀
R RR Rr
Positive Positive
r Rr rr
Negative Negative

F1.ratio : Rhesus positive : Rhesus negative = 3 : 1

• Gololongan darah Rhesus : Rhesus positif dan Rhesus negatif.
• Frekuensi :
- Ras Kaukasia → Rh.+ = 85-87%
- Ras Mongol → Rh.+ = 98-99%
• Rhesus positif dominan terhadap Rhesus negatif.
• Antigen Rhesus : Wiener
Genotype Antigen rhesus
R -
Ro Ro
R’ R’
R’’ R’’
R1 Ro-R’
R2 Ro-R’’
Rx Ro-R’-R’’
 Ry R’-R’’
• Sex determination

f. Inheritansi sehubungan dengan perbedaan jenis kelamin (sex).

i. Sex-Influenced Characters.
ii. Sex-Limited Characters.

ii. Sex-Limited Characters.

• Faktor/gen ada pada kedua jenis sex.
• Dominan pada sex tertentu (♂/♀) dan recessive pada sex lainnya.
• Contoh : Baldness.
Genotype Sex & Phenotype
BB ♂→ Baldness
♀→ Baldness
Bb ♂→ Baldness
♀→ Normal
bb ♂→ Normal
♀→ Normal

3. Sex-Linked Characters.
= Homoloog portion diturunkan Incopletely Sex-linked → Autosomal Inheritances.
= Non-homoloog portion → Sex-Linked.
= Sex-Linked → X-Linked dan Y-Linked.
= Y-Linked syn. Holandric.

3. X-Linked (sex-Linked) recessive diseases in Human.

1) Haemophylia,
2) Red-green Color-blindness,
3) DMP (Dystrophia Musculorum Progressiva)
4) G-6-P.D. Deficiency,
5) Adontia.

Red-green Color-blindness
P. ♂ Normal X ♀ Normal Carrier
XY XX
G. X-Y X-X
F.
♂ X Y
♀
X XX XY
♀ Normal ♂ Normal

Y XX XY
♀ Normal ♂ Color-blind