7A Past simple: negatives and questions

2.75

+ –
I / he / she / it / I enjoyed the trip. He didn’t enjoy the trip.
you / we / they I took the train. He didn’t take the train.

Yes/No questions Short answers

I / he / she / it / Did they enjoy the trip? Yes, they did.
you / we / they Did they take the train? No, they didn’t.

Wh- questions
I / he / she / it /
Where did you go?
you / we / they

Tip
Remember, don’t change the main verb in questions and negatives:
I didn’t enjoy it. (NOT I didn’t enjoyed it.)
Did you enjoy it? (NOT Did you enjoyed it?)

7B love / like / don’t mind / hate +

verb + -ing SPELLING: verb + -ing
2.81 watch ➔ watching
most verbs ➔ add -ing go ➔ going
I love driving! see➔ seeing
I like driving. verb ends in consonant (g, n, t, etc.) + drive ➔ driving
I don’t mind driving. -e ➔ take away the -e then add -ing use ➔ using

I don’t like driving. verb ends in one vowel (a, e, i, o, u) and

run ➔ running
one consonant (g, n, t, etc.) ➔ double
I hate driving! sit ➔ sitting
the consonant and add -ing
After like, love, hate and don’t mind, we can use a noun or a never double the consonants w, x or y know ➔ knowing
verb + -ing. ➔ add -ing only play ➔ playing
I love my car. I love driving.

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 Grammar Focus

7A  Past simple: negative and questions c Complete the questions and answers.
Did go
1 A  you (go) through
a Complete the sentences with the past simple forms of the Central Asia?
verbs in brackets. B  Yes, I did  .
1 We didn’t travel (not travel) by plane to Denmark – we 2 A  you (start) your
took trains. journey in Turkey?
2 I (not take) an umbrella today, so I got wet. B  No, I  .
3 Marion and Neil (not want) a big wedding. 3 A  he (enjoy) his trip?
4 He (not answer) the telephone, because he B  No, he  .
was busy. 4 A  they (travel) by
5 When I was a child, I (not like) chocolate. train?
6 We (not see) any wild animals when we B  Yes, they  .
went to Egypt.
7 She (not get) back home on time, so I was
d Write the questions to complete the conversation.
1
really worried. A How did you travel?
(how)
b Change the positive past simple verbs to negative verb B We travelled by train.
forms in these sentences. A 2
1 We went by tram. (how much)
We didn’t go by tram. B The journey cost £750.
2 They travelled along the Silk Road. A 3
(how many)
3 We had a good time. B We visited five countries.
A 4
4 The tickets cost a lot of money. (where)
B We stayed in hotels.
5 She visited China. A 5
(when)
6 They stayed in hotels. B We arrived home yesterday.

7 The people spoke English, so I understood them.

e Now go back to p.71

7B love / like / hate + verb + -ing

a Write the -ing form of the verbs. c Circle the correct symbols and write sentences
1 wait waiting 9 speak that are true for you.
2 drive 10
sit
1 wait for buses
3 walk 11
stand / / / /
4 get 12
stay I don’t mind waiting for buses.
5 fly 13
run 2 sit in traffic
6 relax 14
try
/ / / /
7 be 15
use
8 have 16
agree 3 play computer games
/ / / /
b Write sentences about Jamie and Lisa.
4 fly in aeroplanes
eat in cook get pizza try new
/ / / /
restaurants food

Jamie 5 cook the dinner
Lisa / / / /

1 Jamie doesn’t like eating in restaurants.
He d Now go back to p.73

2 Lisa
She

149
8A can / can’t, could / couldn’t for ability
We use can / can’t to talk about present abilities:
I can read English, but I can’t speak it.
We use could / couldn’t to talk about past abilities:
When I was young, I could dance, but I couldn’t sing.

3.3

+ – Tip
I / he / she / it / you / Present I can run fast. They can’t run fast. There is no -s on can for
we / they Past He could run fast. We couldn’t run fast. he / she / it :
He can swim.
Yes/No questions Short answers
(NOT He cans swim.)
Yes, I can.
Present Can you run fast?
I / he / she / it / you / No, I can’t.
we / they Yes, I could.
Past Could you run fast?
No, I couldn’t.

Tip
The full form of can’t is cannot.

8B have to / don’t have to

We use have to + infinitive to talk about things we need to do:
I have to drink a lot of water when I go running. Tip
She has to get up at six every day. Sometimes, you means everybody or people generally.
We can use have to to talk about rules: A Do you have to be fit to run a marathon?
We have to take off our shoes before we go inside. (= Do people have to be fit …?)
We have to get to school by nine. B Yes, you do. (NOT Yes, I do.)
don’t have to means we don’t need to do something.
I don’t have to pay for my lunch at work. (My lunch is free.)
Our teacher doesn’t have to wear a suit. (There is no rule.)
3.8

+ –
I / you / we / have to have to
I I don’t
they work hard. work hard.
has to work have to
he / she / it She He doesn’t
hard. work hard.

Yes/No questions Short answers

I / you / we / have to Yes, I do.
Do you
they work hard? No, I don’t.
have to Yes, he does.
he / she / it Does he
work hard? No, he doesn’t.

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 Grammar Focus

8A  can / can’t, could / couldn’t for ability

a Complete the sentences with b Write sentences about what Rob could / couldn’t do in the past and what he
can / can’t, could / couldn’t. can / can’t do now.
1 I can play the guitar.
I want to learn the drums next. when he was a boy now
2 I drive last year swim 1,000 metres ✗ swim 1,000 metres ✓
but I passed my test six weeks cook a meal ✗ cook a meal ✓
ago!
ride a bike ✓ ride a bike ✗
3 She cook really
well. Her food is always great. run 25 km ✗ run 25 km ✓
4 He isn’t on the football team, speak Spanish ✗ speak Spanish ✓
because he run
very fast. 1 Rob couldn’t swim 1,000 metres when he was a boy. He can swim 1,000 metres now.
5 When I was at school, I 2
do maths. But 3
now I’m much better. 4
6 My husband 5
speak French, Spanish and
Portuguese. It’s useful when we c Find and correct a mistake in each sentence.
travel! 1 I don’t can play the guitar. I can’t play the guitar.
7 I climb trees 2 She cans speak four languages.
when I was a child but I’m too 3 How fast you can swim?
old now. 4 I could ran very fast when I was a child.
5 I didn’t could understand what he said.
6 A  Does he can cook? B  Yes, he can.
7 A  Could he walk before his accident? B  Yes, he did.

d Now go back to p.81

8B  have to / don’t have to

a Match questions 1–8 with answers a–h.
1 d Do we have to take our shoes off? a Because you have to stay fit.
2 How much do you have to pay for a ticket? b No, I don’t. My parents do everything.
3 Do you have to be a member to use the swimming pool? c Yes, I do. Every day.
4 Does she have to walk home? d No, you don’t. You can keep them on.
5 Do you have to walk the dog every day? e At 8 o’clock.
6 Do you have to help in the kitchen? f Nothing. It’s free.
7 I want to stay at home. Why do I have to go for a walk? g No, you don’t. It’s open to everybody.
8 What time do you have to leave for work? h No, she doesn’t. She’s got enough money for a taxi.

b Complete the sentences with the correct form of have to or c Put a tick (✓) or a cross (✗) next to each activity
a short answer. and write sentences that are true for you.
1 In a kitchen, you have to work (you / work) very 1 I / study for three hours every evening ✓
carefully. I have to study for three hours every evening.
2 A (you / buy) any new clothes for 2 I / cook dinner every night
your new job?
B Yes,  . 3 I / do a lot of homework
3 (I / not / pay) rent at the moment,
because I’m staying with my parents. 4 My teacher / help me with grammar
4 I usually wear jeans and a T-shirt, but at work
(I / wear) a suit. 5 My best friend / sometimes / wait for me
5 A What (we / do) before we start
the game? 6 My father / go to work at 8 o’clock
B I don’t know. Read the instructions.
6 A Do (I / take) them a present?
B No,  . But it’s a nice idea. d Now go back to p.83
7 My son would like to see this film. How old
(he / be)?
8 To get fit, I think (you / walk) for at
least half an hour a day.

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9A Present continuous
We use the present continuous to describe an activity now or at
the moment of speaking. The activity started in the past and will
finish in the future.
3.24

+ –
I I’m waiting. I’m not waiting.
you / we / they You’re waiting. We aren’t waiting.
he / she / it He’s waiting. It isn’t waiting.
Full forms: am waiting, are waiting, is waiting; am not waiting, are
not waiting, is not waiting

Yes/No questions Short answers

Yes, I am.
I Am I waiting?
No, I’m not.
Yes, you are.
you / we / they Are you waiting?
No, you aren’t.
Yes, he is.
he / she / it Is he waiting?
No, he isn’t.
talk to you
Wh- questions
I Why am I waiting? Past Now Future
you / we / they Where are you waiting?
he / she / it Who is he waiting for?

9B Present simple or present continuous

The present simple is about things that are normally true. We use it to
describe habits, routines, facts and feelings: Tip
I usually wear trousers. He loves cars. We don’t use have for possession in continuous
sentences:
The present continuous is about now. We use it to describe what is
I have a new car. NOT I’m having a new car.
happening now / today / this week etc.:
She has red hair. NOT She’s having red hair.
Today I’m wearing a dress. I’m studying hard this week.
We can use have for actions in continuous
There are some verbs which we don’t usually use in the present continuous: sentences:
We’re having dinner right now.
like love hate not mind want know
I’m not having fun.
need understand remember forget

I want to go home. (NOT I’m wanting to go home.)

152
 Grammar Focus

9A  Present continuous

a Write about the pictures using the b Complete the conversations using the present continuous and the
Present continuous. verbs in brackets. Use short answers where possible.
1 A Who are you waiting (wait) for?
B I ’m waiting (wait) for you.
2 A Why she (smile)?
B I don’t know. Maybe she (feel) happy.
3 A you (sleep)?
B No, I  .
he / drink / coffee I / do / a grammar exercise 4 A Where they (stand)?
1 He’s drinking coffee. 4 B They (not stand). They’re sitting at a table.
5 A  your brother (play) football today?
B No, he  . He (play) basketball.

c Complete the telephone conversation using the present

continuous forms of the words in brackets.
A What 1 are you doing (you / do)?
2
B (I / shop) in the city centre. Where are you?
they / talk she / not / wear / shoes 3
A (We / look) for a parking space. 4
2 5
(we / drive) past the museum.
B Really? 5 (I / stand) outside the museum right now!
A I can’t see you. What 6 (you / wear)?
B 7 (I / wear) a red t-shirt.
A OK I can see you now, but 8 (we / not stop). The traffic
is too busy!

he / not / ride / a horse they / play / tennis d Now go back to p.91

3 6

9B  Present simple or present continuous

a Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. c Choose the options that are true for you and
1 She usually / today wears black clothes. write sentences.
2 She’s wearing bright colours usually / today. 1 wear bright colours usually ✓  ✗ now ✓  ✗
3 They never / are not visit museums. They don’t like them. I usually wear bright colours.
4 My parents aren’t at home. They are visiting a museum I’m not wearing bright colours now.
sometimes / this morning. 2 feel happy usually ✓  ✗ now ✓  ✗
5 Wow! Look! Tom dances / ’s dancing! He doesn’t usually dance.
6 I enjoy / ’m enjoying the party. Thanks for inviting me!
7 I always watch the football at weekends / at the moment. 3 listen to music
8 We don’t go out now / often. when I study usually ✓  ✗ now ✓  ✗

b Complete the conversations with the correct form of the verbs
in brackets. Use the present simple or the present continuous. 4 wear a watch usually ✓  ✗ now ✓  ✗
1 A What are you doing (you / do)?
B  (we / get) ready to go out. Would you like to
come with us? 5 use a computer
A Not really, no. (I / watch) a film. It’s really when I study usually ✓  ✗ now ✓  ✗
good.
2 A What’s that noise?
B Sorry, it’s my friend Harry. (he / sing). 6 study in my
A Wow! He’s quite good. bedroom usually ✓  ✗ now ✓  ✗
B Yes, (he / sing) in a band every weekend.
(They / often / play) concerts.
3 A (you / play) that computer game again?
B No,  . (I / try) to sell my d Now go back to p.93
guitar on the Internet.
A Really? Why (you / do) that?

153