Short-Circuit (SC) Force Calculations for Rigid Conductors (IEC 60865 - 1:1993)

1.0 INPUT PARAMETERS:

1.1 General Project Data:
System operating frequency, f = 50.0 Hz
3-phase initial symmetrical short-circuit current (rms), I" k3 = 40.0 kA
Factor (R / X) = 0.050
-3(R/X)
Short circuit rating factor, k = 1.02 + 0.98 e = 1.863494
3-phase peak short circuit current, Ip3 = √2 k Ia = 105.415 kA NB: [ Ia = I''k3 ]
Conventional value of acceleration due to gravity, g n 2
= 9.80665 m/sec
Magnetic constant permeability of vacuum, µ o = 4π x 10-7 ( 1.2566E-06 ) H/m

1.2 Span Parameters (From General Layout & Section):

Maximum distance between supports, l = 6.500 m Update Later
Effective distance between main conductors, a m = 6.800 m [amin,prov = 2.100 m ]
Number of spans, ns = 1

1.3 Insulator Properties:

Height of Insulator, hi = 4,400 mm
Height of insulator extension, he = 250 mm
Height of Insulator with extension, h ins = 4,650 mm
Height of insultator centre of gravity, h g = 2,200 mm
Diameter of Insulator, dins = 340 mm
Weight of insulator with accessories, m pi = 586 kg
Minimum failing load under bending, Ffi = 16,000 N
Height of insulator support, hS = 3.539 m

1.4 Conductor Properties:

Conductor description = 150mm tubular conductor with a 10mm thick wall
Outer diameter of tubular conductor, D = 150.00 mm
Wall thickness of tubular conductor, tc = 10.00 mm
Inner diameter of tubular conductor, Din = 130.000 mm
Wall cross-sectional area of conductor, Ac = 4,398.23 mm2
Unit weight of the conductor (m's) = 12.000 Kg/m [ 117.680 N/m ]
Young’s modulus of elasticity (final) (Ef) = 6.90E+10 N/m2
Stress corresponding to the yield point, Rp0.2 = 1.70E+08 N/m2 (Min. ) 1.70E+08 N/m2 (Max. )
2nd Moment of inertia/area, J = [ π (D4 - Din4) / 64 ] = 1.0831E-05 m 4

4 4
Section modulus, Z = [π (D -Din ) / (32D)] = J /0.5D = 1.4441E-04 m3

Additional damping mass (if adopted ), m add = 2.343 Kg/m [ 19.5% Damping adopted ]
Is damping considered for adoption? YES [Allowable is 10% to 33%]
Effective mass per unit length (incl. of damping ), M = 14.343 Kg/m [ 140.659 N/m ]

2.0 CHECK FOR WIND AND ALTERNATING CURRENT INDUCED VIBRATIONS AS PER IEEE-605:2008
2.1 Allowable Span Limits:
Gravitational Load, FG 117.680 N/m
End Conditions Pinned-Fixed
Allowable span based on deflection limit:
Recommended allowable deflection = 0.71%
Allowable span, LV = 20.32 m

Allowable span based on fiber stress:

% reduction of yield stressdue to welds (%red) = 50.00%
Allowable stress allowing for welds, σallow = %red * Rp0.2 = 85.00 MN/m2
Resultant force on Conductor, FT = 140.66 N/m
Allowable span, LS = 26.42 m

Maximum allowable span to be adopted: 20.32 m [ 6.50 m]

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 2.2 Vibration Calculations:
Natural frequency, fb: { K= 1.25 [ Pinned-Fixed end conditions ] }
π𝐾 2 𝐸𝐽
𝑓𝑏 = = 13.26 Hz
2𝐿2 𝑀
Wind-induced vibrations, fa [Upper bound Limit]:
Strouhal number, C = 0.19 [For Cylindrical shapes]
Wind speed, V = 20.00 m/s [Beyond this -Effects of vibration can be ignored]
𝐶𝑥𝑉
𝑓𝑎 = = 25.33 Hz
𝐷
Ratio fa / fb = 1.91 1.91 > 1.41 OK: Wind-induced vibrations unlikely to
occur
Wind-induced vibrations, fa [Lower bound Limit]:
Wind speed, V = 2.22 m/s [Below this -Effects of vibrations can be ignored]
𝐶𝑥𝑉
𝑓𝑎 = = 2.81 Hz
𝐷
Ratio fa / fb = 0.21 0.21 < 0.5 OK: Wind-induced vibrations unlikely to
occur
Induced vibrations from alternating current, f:
Power frequency, f = 50.00 Hz
Max. busbar frequency, fb = 13.26 Hz
Since 13.26Hz < 50Hz the bus would not be affected by vibrations from alternating current excitation

3.0 LOAD CALCULATIONS AS PER IEC 60865: Part 1 & 2

3.1 Electro-magnetic force on main conductor during a balanced 3-phase short circuit, F m3

= 1,840 N IEC 60865-1 (2)

CONSIDERING CASE WITHOUT 3-PHASE AUTOMATIC RECLOSING:

3.2 Natural Frequency (fc), Design Factors (VF, Vσ & Vr) and
3.2.1 Factors β, α and γ: IEC 60865-1 (Table 3)
Support conditions: 1- Span [Pinned-Fixed]
Values - 'A' & 'B' denotes left & right supports for 1- αA αB β γ
span and exterior & interior supports for multi-spans
respectively 0.625 0.375 0.73 2.45

As per IEC 60865-1 (Table 2), Factor, (V σ Vr) = 1.00 [Considering without automatic reclosing]

3.2.2 Natural frequency calculation, fc: IEC 60865-1 (16)

𝛾 𝐸𝐽
𝑓𝑐 = 𝑥 = 13.24 Hz
𝑙2 𝑀
Ratio fc / f = 0.265

3.2.3 Factors VF, Vσ and Vr:

Ratio of dynamic and static force on supports, V F = 0.839 IEC 60865-1 (Figure 4, Annex A.4 )
Ratio of dynamic and static conductor stress, V σ = 0.750 IEC 60865-1 (Figure 4, Annex A.4 )
Static ratio for main conductor, Vr = 1.355 [With Reclose] IEC 60865-1 (Figure 5, Annex A.5 )
Static ratio for main conductor, Vr = 1.000 [Without Reclosing]

3.3 Conductor stress calculations without 3-phase automatic reclosing:

3.3.1 Maximum bending stress, σm:

IEC 60865-1 (9)

Maximum bending stress, σm = 5.7 N/mm2

Since conductor is single, σtot = σm = 2
5.7 N/mm

3.3.2 Check whether the conductor will withstand the short-circuit forces:
The conductor is assumed to withstand short-circuit forces when σ tot ≤ q Rp0.2 IEC 60865-1 (13)
Factor, q (For circular tubes)
1 − (1 − 2𝑡𝑐 /𝐷)3
𝑞 = 1.7𝑥 = 1.361 [From Table 4 - IEC 60865-1]
1 − (1 − 2𝑡𝑐 /𝐷)4
q Rp0.2 = 231.4 N/mm2 [Min. value of R p0.2 adopted as per cl. 2.2.2.4]
q Rp0.2 = 231.4 > 5.67 N/mm2 OK - busbar can withstand SCF

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 3.4 Bending force calculations on the supports without 3-phase automatic reclosing:
3.4.1 Dynamic force, F d = V F V r α F m : IEC 60865-1 (15)
According to IEC 60865-1, Table 2 adopting the upper value of R p0.2:

Factor, (VF Vr) = 0.839

Force on outer suports ('A'), FdA = (VF Vr) αA Fm = 964 N

Force on inner suports ('B'), FdB = (VF Vr) αB Fm = 579 N

3.4.2 Bending Moments on the Substructures ( Units: kNm)

Description At insulator base (Fd*hins) At structure base (Fd*hs)
Bending moment on at outer/Left support A 4.5 3.4
Bending moment on at inner/Right support B 2.7 2.0

CONSIDERING CASE WITH 3-PHASE AUTOMATIC RECLOSING:

3.5 Conductor stress calculations with 3-phase automatic reclosing:
3.5.1 Maximum bending stress, σm:

IEC 60865-1 (9)

As per IEC 60865-1 (Table 2), Factor, (V σ Vr) = 1.016 [Considering with automatic reclosing]
Maximum bending stress, σm = 2
7.7 N/mm
Since conductor is single, σtot = σm = 2
7.7 N/mm

3.5.2 Check whether the conductor will withstand the short-circuit forces:
The conductor is assumed to withstand short-circuit forces when σ tot ≤ q Rp0.2 IEC 60865-1 (13)
Factor, q (For circular tubes) = 1.36 [From Table 4 - IEC 60865-1]
2
Permissible conductor stress, q Rp0.2 = 231.4 N/mm [Min. value of R p0.2 adopted as per cl. 2.2.2.4]
Permissible conductor stress, q Rp0.2 = 231.4 > 7.68 mm2 OK - busbar can withstand SCF

3.6 Bending force calculations on the supports with 3-phase automatic reclosing:
3.6.1 Dynamic force, F d = V F V r α F m : IEC 60865-1 (15)
According to IEC 60865-1, Table 2 adopting the upper value of R p0.2:
Factor, (VF Vr) = 1.136

Force on outer suports ('A'), FdA = (VF Vr) αA Fm = 1,307 N

Force on inner suports ('B'), FdB = (VF Vr) αB Fm = 784 N

3.6.2 Bending Moments on the Substructures ( Units: kNm)

Description At insulator base (Fd*hins) At structure base (Fd*hs)
Bending moment on at outer/Left support A 6.1 4.6
Bending moment on at inner/Right support B 3.6 2.8

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