Fire under Concrete Slab

DIANA Training Series

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 Description

Z Y reinforcement
150

15

200 4500 200 Unit: mm

This example shows how to perform a staggered heat flow-stress analysis on a quarter symmetric model
of a reinforced concrete slab.
The effect of fire is simulated by a temperature applied at the bottom and lateral faces.
Material properties will be introduced with temperature dependencies on elastic parameters.
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Temperature boundary conditions

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Material properties

Concrete Young's modulus E 42,000 MPa

Poisson's ratio n 0.18
Thermal expansion coefficient a 10-5
Thermal conductivity 1.32 W/(m∙oC)
Thermal capacity 2.3x106 J/(m3∙oC)
Boundary conduction coefficient 48 W/(m2∙oC)
Reinforcement (Steel) Young's modulus E 200,000 MPa
Poisson's ratio n 0.33
Equivalent thickness (both directions) teq 0.48 mm

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 Finite Element Model

For the modeling session we start a new project.

Main menu → File → New

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 Finite Element Model
Units
Specify the units [N, mm, sec, C].

Model Window → Reference system → Units

Property Panel

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 Finite Element Model
Create Geometry
We create one layer of a solid block and make multiple copies of it to form the final topology of the slab.

Main menu → Geometry → Create → Add block

Main menu → Viewer → Fit all

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 Finite Element Model
We make multiple copies of the layer of a solid block in Z-direction to form the final topology of the slab.

Main menu → Geometry → Modify → Array copy

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 Finite Element Model

Main menu → Viewer → Fit all

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 Finite Element Model
We define the grid reinforcement geometry.

Tool bar → Geometry Selection → Select geometry faces

(Select the bottom face of Slab1)

Main menu → Geometry → Modify → Extract

Main menu → Geometry → Modify → Move shapes

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 Finite Element Model
Create a guide line for defining support beneath the slab and project it on the bottom surface of Slab1.

Main menu → Geometry → Create → Add line

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 Finite Element Model
Main menu → Geometry → Modify → Projection of shapes

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 Finite Element Model
Create supports to the slab.

Main menu → Viewer → Viewpoints → Front view

Main menu → Geometry → Analysis → Attach support

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 Finite Element Model
Main menu → Viewer → Viewpoints → Right view

Main menu → Geometry → Analysis → Attach support

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 Finite Element Model
Main menu → Viewer → Viewpoints → Front view

Main menu → Geometry → Analysis → Attach support

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 Finite Element Model
Main menu → Geometry → Create → View points → Isometric view 1

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 Finite Element Model
Add the effect of self weight.

Main menu → Geometry → Analysis → Global load

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 Finite Element Model
Define the temperature at the bottom and at the sides of the slab as function of time.
Define a constant temperature at the top of the slab. .
Main menu → Geometry → Analysis → Attach boundary conditions…

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 Finite Element Model
Main menu → Geometry → Analysis → Attach boundary conditions…

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 Finite Element Model
Main menu → Geometry → Analysis → Attach boundary conditions…

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 Finite Element Model
Define initial temperature (20 ºC) to the solid segments (Slab1 to Slab6).

Toolbar → Attach an initial field to shape/face/line/point

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 Finite Element Model
Define temperature-time functions and assign them to the thermal boundaries.

Model Section → Boundary Conditions

Select External Temperature boundaries and click on “Edit time dependency” to define time functions.

Time Factor

0 20

900 400

3000 800

6000 1000
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15000 1200 External Temperature Bottom
Finite Element Model

Time Factor

0 20

15000 20

External Temperature Top

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Finite Element Model

Time Factor

0 20

900 40

3000 80

6000 100
External Temperature Lateral
15000 120 24
 Finite Element Model
Assign properties to six solid segments (Slab1 to Slab6).

Main menu → Geometry → Analysis → Property assignments…

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 Finite Element Model
Enter parameters as shown in the pictures.

Note: Copy and paste the variation of Young modulus with respect to time 26
from the Excel sheet.
Finite Element Model

1.32 Tmm/s3°C = 1.32 W/m°C

2.3 T/mms2°C = 2300000 J/m3°C

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 Finite Element Model
Create and assign properties to the grid reinforcement.

Main menu → Geometry → Analysis → Reinforcement property assignments…

Select the sheet geometry and add a new material properties.

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 Finite Element Model
Enter parameters as shown in the pictures.

Note: Copy and paste the variation of Young modulus with respect to time 29
from the Excel sheet.
Finite Element Model

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 Finite Element Model
Create and assign properties to the heat flow boundaries.

Main menu → Geometry → Analysis → Interface property assignments…

Select top, bottom, and lateral faces of the slab.

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 Finite Element Model
Enter parameters as shown in the pictures.

0.048 T/s3°C = 48 W/m2°C

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 Finite Element Model
Main menu → Geometry → Create → View points → Isometric view 1

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 Finite Element Model
We define the composed surface geometry.

Model Window → Geometry → Shapes → hide Slab4, Slab5, Slab6

Tool bar → Geometry Selection → Select geometry faces

(Select the top face of Slab3)

Main menu → Geometry → Modify → Extract → Rename (F2) it to Composed

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 Finite Element Model
Assign properties to the composed surface.

Main menu → Geometry → Analysis → Property assignments…

Select the composed surface geometry and add a new geometry properties.

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 Finite Element Model
Main menu → Geometry → Analysis → Set mesh properties

Model Window → Geometry → Shapes → show Slab4, Slab5, Slab6

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 Finite Element Model
Main menu → Geometry → Analysis → Set mesh properties

Generate the mesh.

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 Transient Heat Flow Analysis
Main menu → Analysis → Add analysis

Add Analysis command: Transient heat transfer

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 Transient Heat Flow Analysis
Main menu → Analysis → Transient heat transfer

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Transient Heat Flow Analysis

60(10) 300(8) 3000(4)

Note: Enter the time step

sizes based on seconds

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Transient Heat Flow Analysis
 Transient Heat Flow Analysis
Change the name of the Analysis1 to Thermal and save the command file as Thermal.Dcf

Analysis > Run…

 Results of Transient Heat Flow Analysis
1. Temperature after 250 minutes of fire
Display a contour plot of the temperature distribution at t=250 minutes (=15000 seconds)

Results → Time-step 22, Time 15000 → Nodal results → Temperatures → PTE

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 Results of Transient Heat Flow Analysis

Main menu → Geometry → Create → View points → Right view

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 Results of Transient Heat Flow Analysis
2. Temperature distribution over thickness
Make a graph of the temperature distribution over the thickness of the slab.
Define a cross section through the model at X=1225 mm. On this cross section, study how the
temperature varies in time and nodes at Y=380 mm.

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Results of Transient Heat Flow Analysis
Right click on the working window and select Clipping planes from the context menu

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Results of Transient Heat Flow Analysis
Move the cutting plane to the middle of the slab.

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 Results of Transient Heat Flow Analysis

Main menu → Geometry → Create → View points → Top view

Select the node selection option from the toolbar and select the highlighted nodes by opening a selection
window over the nodes.

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 Results of Transient Heat Flow Analysis

From results window select Time Step 10(600), Time Step 18(3000) and Time Step 22(15000) and at
each time step right click on PTE and select Show table.
Copy the results to Excel WorkSheet and sort the results in Z direction

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Results of Transient Heat Flow Analysis

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 Nonlinear Analysis settings
Main menu → Thermal → Add command → Structural nonlinear

Right click and add

another Execute block
(Time Steps)

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Nonlinear Analysis settings

Select the first Execute Block with

Gravity load and step size one.

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Nonlinear Analysis settings

Select the second Execute Block

and assign time steps as:
60(10) 300(8) 3000(4)

Note: Enter the time step

sizes based on seconds

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Nonlinear Analysis settings
 Nonlinear Analysis settings
Save the command file as Structural.Dcf

Analysis > Run…

 Results of Structural Nonlinear Analysis
1. Stresses in the Concrete Slab
Display a contour plot of the maximum principal stress at t=250 minutes (=15000 seconds)

Results → Time-step 23, Time 15000 → Element results → Cauchy Total Stresses → S1

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 Results of Transient Heat Flow Analysis

Main menu → Geometry → Create → View points → Front view

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 Results of Structural Nonlinear Analysis
3. Stresses in the Reinforcement Grid
Asses the distribution and development of the stresses in the reinforcement grid
From the model window Hide All the Element sets.

Results → Time-step 23, Time 15000 → Reinforcement results → Reinforcement Cauchy Total Stresses → SXX

Repeat this operation for SYY

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Results of Structural Nonlinear Analysis

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Results of Structural Nonlinear Analysis

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 Results of Structural Nonlinear Analysis
4. Distributed bending moments in the Composed surface elements

From the model window Show only the Composed Element set and Hide the Reinforcement set.

Results → Time-step 23, Time 15000 → Element results → Distributed Moments → Mxx

Repeat this operation for Myy

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Results of Structural Nonlinear Analysis

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Results of Structural Nonlinear Analysis

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