OBJECTIVES

1. To create a simple Theremin.

2. To determine how a Theremin works.
3. To identify the parts/components of a Theremin.
4. To determine on how does a Theremin adjust its volume and pitch.
5. To produce a varying sound coming from the Theremin.

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

This activity aims the students to:

 Discuss the basic principles and functions of a Theremin device.

 Identify the materials and equipment used to build a Theremin along with its
procedures.
 Make use of teamwork in order to successfully present and execute a sample prototype.
 Determine and analyze the prototype and learn how the device works.

DISCUSSION
A theremin is a musical instrument played without touching it. To create sound with a
theremin, electromagnetic fields are generated by antennae and manipulated by hand. The
instrument is better known for its use as a special effect in science fiction movies than for
music, though the inventor toured the US playing classical pieces on this ethereal-sounding
creation. Used famously in songs by the Beach Boys, Led Zeppelin, and the Pixies, you can build
a theremin using radio frequency oscillators and other items readily available at electronic parts
stores. While you need to have a good handle of basic electronics and wiring, you can learn the
basics of wiring the circuits and putting together a unit of your own.
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MATERIALS & EQUIPMENTS
1. CD4093 - consists of four Schmitt-trigger circuits. Each circuit functions as a two-input
NAND gate with Schmitt-trigger action on both inputs. The gate switches at different
points for positive- and negative-going signals.

2. Mylar Capacitors - Mylar capacitors have low levels of moisture absorption. They are
used on semicritical circuits with maximum voltage loads of 60,000 volts of direct
current.

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3. 1nf Ceramic Capacitor - fixed-value capacitor where the ceramic material acts as the
dielectric. It is constructed of two or more alternating layers of ceramic and a metal
layer acting as the electrodes.

4. 10k ¼ watts (Carbon Film Resistor) - is a type of fixed resistor that uses carbon film to
restrict the electric current to certain level. These types of resistors are widely used in
the electronic circuits.

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5. Lm7805 (Voltage Regulator) - is an integrated circuit (IC) that provides a constant fixed
output voltage regardless of a change in the load or input voltage. It can do this many
ways depending on the topology of the circuit within, but for the purpose of keeping
this project basic, we will mainly focus on the linear regulator. A linear voltage regulator
works by automatically adjusting the resistance via a feedback loop, accounting for
changes in both load and input, all while keeping the output voltage constant.

6. Lm385 (Voltage Reference) - is an electronic device that ideally produces a fixed

(constant) voltage irrespective of the loading on the device, power supply variations,
temperature changes, and the passage of time.

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7. Antenna - is a very important element of radio equipment. The antenna of the
transmitter emits high frequency energy into space while the antenna of the receiver
catches this and converts it into electricity.

8. 10k & 100k mono logarithmic Potentiometer - is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding
or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. If only two terminals are
used, one end and the wiper, it acts as a variable resistor or rheostat.

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9. 10uf 25v & 4.7uf 25v (Electrolytic Capacitor) - is a polarized capacitor whose anode or
positive plate is made of a metal that forms an insulating oxide layer through
anodization. This oxide layer acts as the dielectric of the capacitor.

10. Dip socket 8pin and 14pin (IC Socket) - is an electrical connector used in the field of
electronic engineer. The pins of the integrated circuit (IC) connect into the socket
making a robust electrical connection without the requirement of soldering.

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11. PCB – mechanically supports and electrically connects electronic components or
electrical components using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from one
or more sheet layers of copper laminated onto and/or between sheet layers of a non-
conductive substrate.

12. Nut and Bolt – are used in several applications, with a primary function to hold things or
components together.

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13. 9v Battery And Clip – is a common size of battery that was introduced for the early
transistor radios. It has a rectangular prism shape with rounded edges and a polarized
snap connector at the top.

14. Soldering Iron - is a hand tool used in soldering. It supplies heat to melt solder so that it
can flow into the joint between two workpieces.

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PROCEDURES
1. Fabricate or make atleast 24 inches
wide theremin enclosure.

5. Connect a variable oscillator to the

2. Install the antennae on top of the volume antenna.
housing.

6. Feed the output of each oscillator

3. Connect the wirings for the pitch into a mixer.
control.

7. Route the signal from the mixer into

an amplifier.
4. Connect the variable oscillator to the
pitch antenna.

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 8. Install a speaker for the amplifier. 9. Connect the theremin into a power
supply.

CONCLUSION
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 Therefore we conclude that by having a motion of hand or any
object that was near on the antenna of the Theremin it will automatically
adjust its pitch, and volume depending on the distance of the hand or the
object from the antenna of the Theremin and also we need to consider the
voltage and resistance that we input on our Theremin to achieve our
desired tone and volume capacity that can be given by our Theremin.
By doing this simple Theremin we also conclude that if we make it in
to complex, we can make an instrument that can be used for making a
relaxing music like a Violin.

PICTURE OF EVIDENCE

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