EE444/544 Wireless Communications

Homework 1 - Solutions

Solution 1:

a) Pr ,i d   P0  10n log10 d i d 0   X i dBm i  1,2  The received power in dBm at base station i from
the mobile station

Pr[ handoff] = Pr[The received signal at BS1 from the mobile, drops below a threshold Pr , ho ]

AND Pr[The signal received at candidate BS2 is greater than the minimum…

acceptable level Pr , min ] = Pr [ Pr ,1  Pr , HO ] and Pr [ Pr , 2  Pr ,min ]

The received signal at base station 1 (BS1) is

Pr ,1  P0  10n log10 d1 d 0   X 1 = m1  X 1 , where m1  P0  10n log10 (d1 / d 0 )

The received signal at base station 2 (BS2) is

Pr , 2  P0  10n log10 ( D  d1 ) d 0   X 2 = m 2  X 2 , where m2  P0  10n log10 (( D  d1 ) / d 0 )

Since X 1 , X 2 are zero-mean Gaussian variables each with standard deviation  , Pr ,1 and Pr , 2 are also
Gaussian variables with standard deviation  and means m1 and m2, respectively. (for a given distance
d1)

Thus,

1
Pr , HO  x  m1 2  Pr , HO  m1
Pr [ Pr ,1  Pr , HO ] =  exp dx = 1  Q( )
2    2 2
 

 exp y / 2dy

1 2
where Q(x) is the Q-function: Q( x) 
2 x

1    x  m 2 2   Pr ,min  m 2 
Likewise, Pr [ Pr , 2  Pr ,min ] =  exp  dx = Q  .
2 2    
2  Pr ,min   

Therefore, the probability of handoff as a function of the distance d1 is

Pr , HO  m1  Pr ,min  m 2 
Pr[ handoff] = ( 1  Q( ) )( Q )

   

1
Fig. 1, shows the received power at both base station. Fig.2, shows the probability that a handoff occurs,
along with the probabilities Pr [ Pr ,1  Pr , HO ] and Pr [ Pr , 2  Pr ,min ] .

Fig. 1: Received average power at both base stations

Fig. 2: Probability that a handoff occurs

b) From Fig.2, the distance dho such that the probability that a handoff occurs is equal to %80 is
 1000m .

2
Solution 2

a) H ( f , t ) is a function of t, but not a function of f. As a result, the effect of the channel on a transmitted
signal is independent of the frequencies of the transmitted signal. That is, the channel exhibits flat fading.

b) h( , t )  f f1 [ H ( f , t )] =  t  exp j t  f f1 1 =  t  exp j t   ( ) .

f  ( )  1  f 1
1   ( )
Note that the term  t  exp j t  is independent if f.


c) r (t )   h( , t ) x(t   )d


 
=   (t ) exp( j (t )) ( ) x(t   )d =  (t ) exp( j (t ))   ( ) x(t   )d
 


=  (t ) exp( j (t )) x(t ) ,   x(t   ) ( )d  x(t )


The effect of the channel is completely described by the time variant channel gain
 (t ) exp( j (t )) .There is no time dispersion introduced by the channel.
 from the relation between x(t) and r(t), we have
mean delay = 0
delay spread = 0

3
Solution 3
T /2
a)  H (f )   0.51  cos(2 / T ) exp j 2f d
0

T /2 T /2
= 0.5  exp( j 2f )d  0.5  cos(2 / T ) exp( j 2f )d
0 0

where

T /2 1 1  exp( j 2fT
 exp( j 2f )d =  exp( j 2f ) |T0 / 2 
0 2f  j 2f

T /2 T /2
and  cos(2 / T ) exp( j 2f )d  0.5  [exp( j 2 / T )  exp( j 2 / T )] exp( j 2f )d
0 0

1 T /2 1 1 T /2 1
=  exp( j 2 (f  ) )d   exp( j 2 (f  ) )d
2 0 T 2 0 T

1 1
1  exp( j (f  )T ) 1  exp( j (f  )T )
= T  T
1 1
( j 4 (f  ) ( j 4 (f  )
T T

1  exp( j ( fT ) 1  exp( j ( f )T ) 1  exp( jfT )

=  =
1 1 4
( j 4 (f  ) ( j 4 (f  ) j 4f 
T T jfT 2

1  exp( jfT ) 1  exp( jfT )

  H (f )  
j 4f 8
j8f 
jfT 2
 ( )d
b)    h
  h ( )d

T /2
  h ( )d   0.51  cos(2 / T )d  T / 4
0

T /2 T /2 T /2
  h ( )d =  0.5 1  cos(2 / T )d =  0.5d   0.5 cos(2 / T )d
0 0 0

4
 1 2 T /2 T  T /2
 T2 1 1
=  |0   sin( 2 / T ) | T /2
  sin( 2 / T ) d    4 (4  2 )
4 
0
4 0  

1 1
  T(  )
4 2

(   ) 2  h ( )d  ( 2  2   2 ) h ( )d   2 h ( )d

 2      2
  h ( )d   h ( )d   h ( )d
T /2
T3 1 1
  h ( )d =  ( / 2)[1  cos(2 / T )]d 
2 2
(  )
0 8 6 2
1 1
3
T (  2 )/8
6  1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 2 = T 2 (  2 )2  T 2[ (  2 )  (  2 )2 ]
T /4 4  2 6  4 

1 1 1 1 1 1
  T [ (  )  (  2 )2 ]  Bd = f c  .
2 6 2 4  

1 1 1 1 1
c) If T = 0.1ms, Tm     0.1ms[ [ (  )  (  2 )2 ]
2
 1.028  10 5 s
2 6  4 

1
TS ,GMS   5  10 6 s  Tm  TS ,GSM
200k

The channel exhibits frequency selective fading