Beni-Suef University

Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

PBW 402: Geotechnical Analysis and Design

Lecture No. (3): Combined Footing

Associate Prof. A. F. Zidan

Combined Footing
 A combined footing is a long footing supporting two or more columns in
(typically two) one row.
 A combined footing is a rectangular or trapezoidal shaped footing.

P2 P1

P2 P1

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(CONVENTIONAL METHOD)
 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTINGS BY RIGID
METHOD:
The rigid method of design of combined footings assumes that:

1. The footing is infinitely rigid, and therefore, the deflection of

the footing does not influence the pressure distribution,

2. The soil pressure is distributed in a straight line or a plane

surface such that the centroid of the soil pressure coincides
with the line of action of the resultant force of all the loads
acting on the foundation.

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 (CONVENTIONAL METHOD)
Design steps:
1- Evaluate the net factored soil pressure.
2- The design of combined footing requires that the centroid of
the area be as close as possible to the resultant of the two
column loads for uniform pressure and settlement (if possible).
i.e.: eccentricity, e = 0.0
3- Establish the required base area of the footing.
4- Draw S.F.D and B.M.D for footing.
5- Check footing thickness for beam shear.
6- Check footing thickness for punching shear.
7- Compute the area of flexural reinforcement.
8- Prepare neat design drawings showing footing dimensions and
provided reinforcement
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 Combined Footing

a2 a1
B1 B
b2 b1

L
a2 a1
L2 L1

C2 C1

t1 X
X

t
A1
A

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 Plain Concrete Footing (P.C.) P2 P1
R
For uniform stress, Resultant
L2 L1
should be at mid of ( A )
a2 a1
A a a
 X  C 1  1  L1  X  C 2  2  L 2 C2 C1
2 2 2

Assume thickness of P.C.: t1

t = (0.25 to 0.50) t
A1
X= (0.80 to 1.0) t A

Assume C2 = 0.50m

1.15(P1  P2 ) Get (B)

R  (P1  P2 ) Area  A * B 
qa
L 2 * R  L * P1 Get (L2)
A a
 X  C 2  2  L2 Get (A)
Dim. of P.C. = A * B * t
2 2

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Reinforced Concrete Footing (R.C.)
A1  A  2X

B 1  B  2X
1.50R
pn 
A1 * B 1
1.50R
w 
A1

C 1 
2

M 1 w
2

C 2 
2

M 2 w
2

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Reinforced Concrete Footing (R.C.)
wZ  P2  0.0 Get (Z) P2 R P1

L2 L1

wZ 2  a 
M max   P2  Z  (C 2  2 )  a2 a1
2  2  C2 C1

M t1
d C
b * Fcu
w
Z Mmax
t 1  d  cov er

Steel cover=5.0 to 7.0cm

M2

Dim. of R.C. = A1 * B1* t1 M1

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 Shear Stress
P2 R P1
Q1  w *C 1
L2 L1

Q 2  P1 w *(C 1  a1 ) a1
a2 d/2
C2 C1
Q 3  w *(C 2  a2 )  P2
Q 4  w *(C 2 ) t1

Q s  Q 2 wd pn
Qs Q2
Z

Q Q4
q s  s  q su
b *d

Q3
Q1

If qs > qsu , Increase d

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 Punching Stress
P1
Column(1): a1

G.S

Q p  P1  p n *  ( a1  d ) * (b 1  d ) 

A p 1  d * 2*  (a1  d )  (b1  d ) 
t1

pn
Qp
qp 
Ap
a f cu d/2 a1 d/2
q cup  0 . 316 [ 0 . 5  ( )] N / mm 2

b c
 .d f cu
q cup  0 . 8 (  0 .2 ) N / mm 2

b0 c d/2
b1
d/2

If qp > qcup , Increase d

Repeat Check for column (2)

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 Footing Reinforcement
Which is required? a2 a1

Top or bottom RFT

why? t1

Mmax
M max
A top 
f y *d * j

M1
Abot 
f y *d * j
M2

M1

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 Design of Hidden Beams
b1 b1

P1
G.S G.S

Main bot RFT

t1 t1 A s (HB 1)

w1 B1

B1
M
B.M.D d1  C
+ b * Fcu
+
+ + Where, b is the width of H.B

b = a1 + d
P1
w1 
B1 d 1  d  safe
d 1  d  take d  d 1
(B1  b1 ) / 2
2

M HB 1  w 1 MI
2 A sH 1 
f y *d * j

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 Design of Combined Footing
Example(1):
Make a complete design for a combined footing for the two
columns shown in figure (1). The allowable pressure is 1.10
kg/cm2 and the foundation level is 2.0m below ground surface

a1 = 0.90m. b1= 0.30m P1=140t

a2 = 0.50m b2= 0.30m P2=90t

0.50 0.90
90t 140t qa = 1.10kg/cm2 = 11.0t/m2.
0.30 0.30
3.20 fcu = 250kg/cm2.

fy =3600kg/cm2

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 Plain Concrete Footing (P.C.) P2 P1
R
For uniform stress, Resultant
L2 L1
should be at mid of ( A )
a2 a1
A a a
 X  C 1  1  L1  X  C 2  2  L 2 C2 C1
2 2 2

Assume thickness of P.C.: t1

t = 0.30 t
A1
X= t = 0.30 A

Assume C2 = 0.50m
1.15( P1  P2 ) 1.15 * 230
R  (P1  P2 )  140  90  230t A rea  A * B    24.10 m 2

qa 11

L 2 * 230  3.20*140 L2 = 1.95

A 0.50 B = 4.01 = 4.05m
 0.30  0.50   1.95  3.00m
2 2
A = 6.00m
Dim. of P.C. = 6.00 * 4.05 * 0.30

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 Reinforced Concrete Footing (R.C.)
P2 R P1

L2 L1
A1  A  2X  6.00  2*0.30  5.40m

a2 a1
B 1  B  2X  4.05  2*0.30  3.45m C2 C1

t1

pn
Mmax

M1= w (C1)2/2= 63.9(1)2 /2=31.95m.t

C1= – (L − )– −x
2 2

C 2  0.50
2 2
M2
M 2 w  63.90  8.00m .t
2 2
M1

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 Reinforced Concrete Footing (R.C.)
wZ  P2  63.90* Z  1.50*90 Z=2.11 m P2 =135 R P1 =210

L2=1.95 L1 = 1.25

wZ 2  a 
M max   P2  Z  (C 2  2 )  a2 a1
2  2  0.50 0.90

t1

63.90* 2.112  0.5 

M max   1.50*90*  2.11  (0.50  )  41.36m .t
2 
pn
2 
Z Mmax

M 41.36*105
d C  5*  34.6  35cm
b * Fcu 345* 250

t 1  d  cov er  35  5  40cm
M2

Dim. of R.C. = 5.40 * 3.45* 40 M1

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 Shear Stress
P2=135 R P1=210
63.95 ∗ 1 63.95 L2 L1

210 63.95 ∗ 1 0.9 88.5 0.90

0.50 d/2
0.50 0.90
Q 3  63.95*(0.50  0.50)  135  71.05t

Q 4  63.95*(0.50)  31.98t 35

88.5 63.95 ∗ 0.35/2 77.3 pn

77.3 ∗ 10 Z Qs Q2
0.64 ⁄
3450 ∗ 350 Q4

Q3

ok Q1

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 Punching Stress P1 =210
Column(1): 0.90

Q p  P1  p n *  (a1  d ) *(b1  d )  G.S

Q p  210  18.52*  (0.90  0.35) *(0.30  0.35)   194.95t

0.40
A p 1  d * 2*  (a1  d )  (b1  d ) 
Pn =18.52
A p 1  0.35* 2*  (0.90  0.35)  (0.30  0.35)   1.33m 2

194.95 ∗ 10
1.46 ⁄ d/2 0.90 d/2
1.33 ∗ 10

0.316 ∗ 0.5 ∗ ⁄ 1.075 ⁄ d/2

0.30
d/2
qp > qcup , Increase d= 45cm

Repeat Check for column (2)

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 Design of Hidden Beams
b1=0.30 b1

P1=210
G.S G.S

Main bot RFT

50 t1 A s (HB 1)

w1 B1

B1= 3.45
0.9 0.45 1.35
B.M.D
+ +
+ + 75.5 ∗ 10
5∗ 74.78 → 75
135 ∗ 250
P1 210
w1    60.87t / m ' → 75
B 1 3.45
75.5 ∗ 10
33.85
(3.45  0.30) / 2
2
∗ ∗ 3600 ∗ 75 ∗ 0.826
M HB 1  60.87  75.50m .t
2
9 22

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 Footing Reinforcement
0.50 0.90

95

31.95 ∗ 10
14.33
3600 ∗ 75 ∗ 0.826
Mmax= 41.36
41.36 ∗ 10
18.55
3600 ∗ 75 ∗ 0.826

M2=8.00

M1=31.95

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