CHEMORECEPTOR FUNCTION IN SHRIMP

(Macrobrachium sp.)

Name : Anang Yanuar Ramadhan

Student ID : B1B015015
Entourage : VIII
Group :3
Assistant : Ita Purwati

PRACTICAL REPORT OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY I

MINISTRY OF RESEARCH, TECNOLOGY, AND HIGHER EDUCATION

JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF BIOLOGY
PURWOKERTO
2019
 I. INTRODUCTION

A. Background

The various sensory organs and receptors allow animals to be aware of

changes in their environment so that they can provide appropriate adaptive
responses to cope with these changes. Sensory organs allow animals to receive
information to get food, find, and attract the opposite sex and avoid their enemies,
the senses are very important in the survival of an organism. Many animals use
their senses to find mating partners, recognize territories marked by chemicals,
and assist exploration during migration (Campbell et al., 2008).
Careful behavior of archetype Crustaceans is essential to provide an accurate
system for the connection of a single chemical signal and mix with crustaceans, so
that food utilization is more efficient. These shrimp eating habits change
continuously for nocturnal. Growth rates in shrimp ponds can be increased by
reducing feeding response time to response time. Nutrition reduction means you
will have less chance to wash from food pellets. In addition, less energy is
expended by shrimp in searching for food (Anthony et al., 2015).
Shrimp (Macrobrachium sp.) is used as an object of observation to determine
the function of chemoreceptors and including invertebrates which belong to the
Arthropod class of the Crustacean class, easily found in Indonesian waters.
According to Schmidt & Nielsen (1990), chemoreceptors are senses stimulated by
various ions or chemical molecules in the form of gases or liquids. These
chemoreceptors include the sense of smell, the sense of taste and also the
receptors that regulate the concentration of O2 and CO2. Chemoreceptors in
shrimp are found in the antennas.

B. Purpose

The objectives of this laboratory activity is to know the chemoreceptor

functions in freshwater shrimp.
 II. MATERIAL AND METHODS

A. Material

Materials that used in this laboratory activity are freshwater shrimp

(Macrobrachium sp.), feed in the form of pellet and Tubifex sp.worm.
Tools that used in this laboratory activity are aquarium, stopwatch, stationary
tools, flashlight, fishing net, and scissor.

B. Methods

1. Aquarium is filled with clean freshwater then freshwater shrimp is inserted.

2. Six freshwater shrimp is prepared.
3. The first two freshwater shrimp as a control variable, the second two
freshwater shrimp is lubricated on the eyes and the second three freshwater
shrimp is lubricated on the antenulla.
4. That sixth lobster is inserted into aquarium. Every aquarium consists of a
control freshwater shrimp, an eyes lubricated freshwater shrimp , and an
antenulla freshwater shrimp and they are feed with pellet and the three
remaining shrimp are feed with Tubifex worm in a dark condition and is
given a little lighting by flashlight.
5. Every antenna movement which flicking, withdraw, wiping, rotate, and
feeding time is recorded.
6. Observation is done as long as 20 minute.
 III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Result

Table 3.1 Result of Observation of Chemoreceptor Function on Shrimp

(Macrobrachium sp.)

Entour Movement
Group Time
age Flicking Withdraw Wipping Rotation Feeding
10’ (1) 1’10” 5’48” 1’20” (2x) 6’8”(1x) 2’42”
1 (eyes (5x) (3x) (1x)
ablation) 10’ (2) 6’43” 3’58” 1’21” (3x) - -
(2x) (3x)
VIII 2 10’ (1) 3’57” 1’12” 5’42” (5x) 2’28” 4’17”(3x)
(Tubif (antenulla 10’ (2) 19’20” 45’12” - 1’39” (5x) -
ex sp.) ablation) (16x) (50x)
10’ (1) 2’27” 1’33” - 2’9” (2x) -
3 (total (2x) (23x)
ablation) 10’ (2) 3’43” 34” (20x) 57” (3x) 2’57” (5x) 4’57”
(2x) (1x)

Table 3.2 Result of Observation of Chemoreceptor Function on Shrimp

(Macrobrachium sp.)
Entoura Time Movement
Group
ge Flicking Withdraw Wipping Rotation Feeding
10’ (1) - 27” (20x) - 2’35” (19x) -
1 10’ (2) 1’2” 18” (28x) - 32” (19x) -
(12x)
10’ (1) 15’16” - - 1’28” (1x) -
(1x)
2
10’ (2) - 1’42” 8’5” (1x) - 1’59”
(1x) (1x)
VII 10’ (1) - - 1’5” (2x) 8’45” (1x) -
(pelett 3
10’ (2) - - 46” (19x) - -
e) 10’ (1) 14” 32” (20x) 29” (25x) 4’21” (17x) 25” (1x)
(23x)
4
10’ (2) 22” 14” (26x) 49” (17x) 41” (9x) 3’36”
(17x) (2x)
10’ (1) 7’20” 4’17” 1’16”(20x - 7’17”
(7x) (22x) ) (4x)
5
10’ (2) 7’32” 44” (32) 7”(50x) 3’23”(1) 4’26”
(2x) (1x)

Description : ” = second
’ = minute
B. Discussion

Receptors that can affect the body's organs are divided into 5, which are
chemoreceptor, nosiseptor, electromagnetic receptor, mechanoreceptor, and
thermoreceptor. On the other hand, the nervous system largely consists of the
central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous
system consists of the brain and spinal cord or spinal cord. The peripheral nervous
system consists of afferent nerves (sensory) and efferent nerves (motor). The
afferent nerve functions to channel information from the receptors. Efferent nerve
consists of 2 parts, namely: somatic motor nerves and nerves (Purnomo, 2014)
Chemoreceptors are senses that stimulated by various ions or chemical
molecules in the form of gases or liquids. These chemoreceptors include the sense
of smell, the sense of taste and also the receptors that monitor the concentration of
oxygen and carbon dioxide (Gordon, 1982). There are two types of
chemoreceptors which to know stimuli that originate from sources far from the
body, in the form of hair on an antenna with a very low threshold value or a
stimulus in the form of low concentrated gas. Secondly to know stimuli
originating from a nearby source, in the form of the maxillary palp and often on
torque with a high threshold value. Thus, to determine the location of a stimulus
based on the concentration of stimulus in the form of gas can determine the
proximity of stimuli (Ville et al., 1988).
Crustacean chemoreceptor located on first antennae, mouth, and pereipod that
has function as the sense of taste, especially in the process of foraging (Kalpana &
Patil, 2016). Also, it plays a role in knowing body position (Green, 1967).
Antenulla is a sensory structure that can move to receive and detect stimuli from
the outside. These organs function to find protection, find food, find a partner and
to avoid predators. Antenulla is located on the middle which between antennae
and scaphocerit, its form like antennae but shorter than antennae and has 2 pairs.
While antennae has only a pair and has longer size from antenulla. Antennae has a
function to detect any external influences (Storer, 1975).
Stimulus mechanism (feed) until the shrimp chemoreceptor organ which is
feed that inserted into aquarium will be diffused into water in the form of ions,
then the ions will be received by the chemoreceptor cells in the antenulla.
Impulses from the antenulla will be transferred to the brain by afferent neurons.
These impulses are processed by the brain into responses and passed on to
receptor organs through efferent neurons. The receptor organs then move
according to information from the brain (Ville et al., 1988).
The effect of antennal ablation on shrimp causes the weak ability to detect
food. Shrimp is depend on antenulla chemoreception for behaviors as diverse as
food detection and social interaction. Their main olfactory organ is the antenula,
lateral flagellum which may contain a special unimodal sensilla in olfaction,
aesthetically, innervated only by olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). Antennula
flagella also contain bimodal cencilla, innervated by mechanoreceptors and neuro
chemoreceptors (Machon et al., 2016). According Jayanto (2015) giving color to
the frame and webbing webs in the Krendet fishing gear with the consideration
that the majority of marine biota which have a very high sense of sight sensitivity
to light. Therefore observations made in a dark condition.
Based on the result that is done in laboratory activity by entourage VIII using
Macrobrachium sp. with eyes ablation and feed with tubifex worm at first 10
minutes is done flicking 5 times, withdraw 3 times, wipping 2 times, rotation 1
time, and feeding 1 time. The second 10 minute shrimp is done flicking 2 times,
withdraw 3 times, wipping 3 times, and didn’t done feeding and rotation. In
antenulla ablation treatment at first 10 minutes with tubifex worm feed is
obtained flicking 1 time , withdraw 1 time, wipping 5 times, rotation 1 time and
feeding 3 times and at second 10 minute with tubifex worm feed is obtained
flicking 16 times, withdraw 50 times, wipping, rotaion 5 times, and didn’t done
feeding and rotation. In total ablation at first 10 minutes with tubifex worm is
done flicking 2 times, withdraw 23 times, rotation 2 times, and didn’t done
wipping and feeding. In second 10 minutes freshwater shrimp is done flicking 2
times, withdraw 20 times, wipping 3 times, rotate 5 times, and weeping 1 time. In
control treatment, the first 10 minutes shrimp is done flicking 23 times, withdraw
20 times, wipping 25 times, rotate 17 times, and feeding 1 time. At second 10
minutes the shrimp is done flicking 17 times, withdraw 26 times, wipping 17
times, rotate 9 times, dan feeding 2 times and according to Ville et al. (1988),
antenulla is needed to find location or food sources.
 IV. CONCLUSION

Based on the result and discussion, it can be concluded that chemoreceptor

functions in freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium sp) are to detect the presence of
feed, find until found the feed and give responses to that feed.
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