AUTOMATIC MAXIMUM DEMAND CONTROL

The implementation of the maximum demand has made the industries to

concentrate on the maximum amount of load that is connected. This made them to install a
maximum demand meter and a person will be observing the load continuously. If he find and
increase in the load then he will switch off the supply to the unimportant section of the industries
such as over head water tank motor, garden lights, street lights etc. But if he does not respond
instantaneously the maximum demand will change and the annual electricity bill will vary with a
large change. This has made the engineers to go for designing the automatic maximum demand
control.

Maximum Demand Controller is a device designed to meet the need of industries conscious of
the value of load management. Alarm is sounded when demand approaches a preset value. If
corrective action is not taken, the controller switches off non-essential loads in a logical
sequence. This sequence is predetermined by the user and is programmed jointly by the user and
the supplier of the device. The plant equipments selected for the load management are stopped
and restarted as per the desired load profile. Demand control scheme is implemented by using
suitable control contactors. Audio and visual annunciations could also be used

The major building blocks of the automatic maximum demand control are: Power supply section,
relay section, controller section. The power supply section consists of the terminal blocks and the
step-down transformers that supply all the necessary voltages for the different section of the
project. It gives 230v ac supply to the relay section and 12v ac supply to the 5v supply section.
The 5 v dc power supply section will always give the regulated 5v dc that is necessary for the
controller to operate. The relay section will consist of the relay that will operate according to the
controller to decide which load should be on and which load should be off. As soon as the
switches are pressed then the controller will decide what is the amount of the load that is
connected and it will calculate amount of the load which is required to be connected. Then it will
send the data to the relay section. In the relay section the data received from the controller is
processed and the required relays are switched on.

If the load is being increased then the controller will switch off the flexible and
unimportant load then it will switch on the other important loads. The switching time is
considered and care is taken such that the maximum demand will never cross the present value.
So switching off operation is done first and then switching on operation is done next to make
sure that the load does not cross the maximum demand value even during the switching period.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

230 V POWER SUPPLY

SECTION
AC

SUPPLY

5 V DC
SUPPLY

Reset LOAD
driving LOADS
circuit
MICROCONTROLER

CRYSTAL

SWITCHES
SOFTWARES USED:

1. Embedded C programming language

2. KEIL IDE for writing the program for micro controller

3. PROLOAD for dumping

4. ORCAD to draw the schematic diagram

HARDWARE USED:

1. AT89s52 Micro Controller

2. Regulated power supply
3. LCD Display
4. BT136 Triacs or Relays
5. Switch
6. 230v AC Loads