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SOJOURN IN PARIS
AND THE UNIVERSAL
EXPOSITION OF 1889
• March 1889 – The Universal Exposition of 1889
• World’s fair held in Paris, France. 100th Anniversary of
the “storming of the Bastille”, an event traditionally
considered as the symbol for the beginning of the
French Revolution.
• It attracted thousands of tourists so that all hotel
accommodations were taken
• It was extremely difficult for a visitor to find living
quarters in Paris.
• Rizal was very disgusted because the French landlords,
take advantage of raising the rents of their rooms.
• Valentin Ventura – Rizal’s friend where he lived for a
short time in No. 45 Rue Maubeugue.
• Filipino Roommates of Rizal:
• Capitan Justo Trinidad - former gobernadorcillo of
Santa Ana, Manila and refugee from Spanish
tyranny.
• Jose Albert – young student from Manila
LIFE IN PARIS
1889-1990
1. Rizal spent most of his time in the reading room of Bibliotheque
Nationale.
2. During his spare hours, he used to dine at the homes of his friends:
-Pardo de Taveras
-the Venturas
-the Ramirezes
- the Rochas
3. Frequent visitor of the Boustead family
4. Continue his study of languages
5. On Sundays, he attended the fencing lessons at the studio of Luna.
6. He carried on his artistic hobby.
FIRST VISIT TO PARIS (1883)
• June 19, 1885- on his 24th birthday, Rizal was awarded the degree
of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the Universidad Central
de Madrid with the rating of “Excellent”: (Sobresaliente)
• November 26, 1884- a letter to Rizal’s family written in Madrid
wherein he said “My doctorate is not of very much value
to me… because although it is useful to a university
professor, yet, I believe they (Dominican friars—Z) will never
appoint me as such in the College of Santo Tomas. I say the same
thing of philosophy and letters which may serve also for a
professorship, but I doubt if the Dominican fathers will grant it to
me.”
THE PHILIPPINES
WITHIN A CENTURY
• In this article, he expressed his views on the Spanish
colonization in the Philippines
• He predicted with amazing accuracy the tragic end of
Spain’s sovereignty in Asia
• Parts:
- Beginning - glorious past of the Filipino people
- Middle - economic stagnation and happiness under
the harsh Spanish Rule
- Last - peered into the future and warned Spain of
what would happen to her colonial empire in Asia if she
would not adopt a more liberal & enlightened policy
toward the Philippines
THE INDOLENCE OF
THE FILIPINOS
• Defense of the alleged indolence of the
Filipinos
• Critical study of the causes why the Filipinos
did not work hard during the Spanish regime
• Main thesis: the Filipinos are not by nature
indolent
• 10 Causes of decline in economic life:
- Native revolts and other internal disorders
- Wars which the Filipinos fought for Spain (Dutch,
Portuguese, English, etc.)
- Raids on the coastal towns and village by the Muslim
pirates of Mindanao and Sulu
- Forced labor
- Lack of stimulus to work harder (people could not enjoy
the fruits of their labor)
- Government neglect and indifference (agriculture,
industry, and commerce)
- Bad example shown by Spaniards - despising manual labor
- Teaching of Spanish missionaries
- Gambling
- System of Spanish education
LIFE, WORKS OF
RIZAL IN BRUSSELS
• Jose Albert
accompanied Rizal to
move to Brussels.
Jose Alejandro an
engineering student who
replaced Jose Albert.
• They stayed in a boarding house at
• 38 Rue Philippe Champagne.
• Rizal lived in this house when
• he wrote his novel‘El Filibusterismo’
• in 1890-1891 The boarding house is run by
two Jacoby sisters named Suzanne and
Marie.
• Rizal spent his time writing his second novel, El Filibusterismo.
• •He also wrote articles for La Solidaridad and letter for his family and
friends.
• •He also spent his remaining time doing gymnastic in the gymnasium,
target practice and fencing at the armory.
Articles published in La Solidaridad
• The articles he wrote for La Solidaridad during his stay in Brussel.
• •“A La Defensa” (To La Defensa), April 30, 1889.
• •“La verdad Para Todos” ( The Truth For All), May 31, 1889.
• •“Vicente Barrantes’ (Teatro Tagalo) June 15, 18889
• •“Una Profanacion” (A Profanation), July 31, 1889
• •“Verdades Nuevas” (New Truths), July 31, 1889
• •“Crueldad” (Cruelty), August 15, 1889
• •“Differencias” (Differences), September 15, 1889
• •“Inconsequencias” (Inconsequences), November 30, 1889
• •“Llanto y Risas” (Tears and Laughters), November 30, 1889
• • “Ingratitudes” (Ingratitude), January 15, 1890
New tagalog orthography
• Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagala The New Orthography
of the Language
• •Rizal adapted the Filipinized tagalog in his translations of Schiller’s
Wilhelm Tell and Andresen’s Fairy Tale
• •Rizal gave credit to Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera’s work El
Sanscrito en Lengua Tagala
Rizal Criticizes Madrid Filipinos for Gambling
• MAY 28, 1890 – Rizal wrote to Marcelo H. del Pilar to remind the
Filipinos in Madrid that they went to Europe to work for their
Fatherland’s freedom and not to gamble.
• Through gambling they are showing that the Filipinos are not worthy
of freedom but of slavery
• •They should spend their time doing something noble and generous
because the youth is noble and generous
• •The gambling Filipinos in Madrid became very angry when they
learned of Rizal’s moralizing that they called him “Papa” (pope)
instead of “Pepe”.
PRESINTEMENT OF DEATH
• Rizal had a bad dreams during the night in Brussels.
• •LETTER TO DEL PILAR:
• •In my childhood I had a strange belief that I would not reach 30
years of age.
• •I am preparing myself for death.
• • Laong Laan (Ever Ready) is my true name.
PREPARATION TO GO HOME
• Rizal could not stay in Brussels writing a book while his parents,
relatives and friends in the Philippines were prosecuted. RIZAL’S
LETTER TO PONCE: “I want to go back to the Philippines, and although
I know it would be daring and imprudent, what does that matter ?
The only thing that can detain me is a doubt whether my parents
agree. Iam afraid to disturb their last years . In case they should
object my homecoming, I would work for a livelihood in some part of
the world.”
• •Rizal’s friends warned him of the danger that awaited him at home
Decision to go to Madrid
• Something happened that made Rizal change his plan in returning to
the Philippines when he received a letter from Paciano which related
that they lost the case against the Dominicans in Manila but they
appealed it to the Supreme Court in Spain. June 20, 1890 – Rizal
wrote to M. H. Del Pilar retaining the latter’s service as a lawyer and
informed Del Pilar that he was going to Madrid, in order to supervise
the handling of the case. July 29, 1890 – he wrote a letter to Ponce
announcing that he was leaving Brussels at the beginning of the
following month and would arrive Madrid about the 3rd and 4th of
August.
• August 1890 - He arrived in Madrid, burdened with sorrow brought
about by terrible news about his family and the worsening trouble in
his hometown Spanish newspapers. - El Resumen, El Dia, La Justicia
and El Globo “to cover the ears, open the purse, and fold the arms” –
El Resumen (liberal Spanish newspaper), in an article they published
which talks about the colonial policy of the Spaniards especially those
in the Philippines and other colonies December 1890 - Rizal spent a
cold month with a letter from Leonor Rivera asking his forgiveness
and telling him about her forthcoming marriage to an Englishman
chosen by her mother.
Romance with petite Jacoby
MISFORTUNES IN
MADRID
FAILURE TO GET JUSTICE FOR HIS FAMILY
When Rizal arrived in Madrid, he implored help from Asociacion
Hispano-Filipina and other liberal Spanish newspapers to secure those
Calamba tenants and his family.
* Marcelo H. del Pilar – lawyer
* Dr. Dominador Gomez – secretary of
Asociacion Hispano-Filipina
*Senor Fabie – Minister of Colonies
To help him protest the injustices committed by Governor-General
Valeriano Weyler and Dominicans
Aborted Duel With Antonio Luna
*Jose Rizal – better pistol shot
*Antonio Luna – superior as a swordsman