Republic of Panama Ministry of Education Felix Olivares Contreras High

School
Twelfth Graders English Learning Module
Professors in Charge: Paciencia Delgado, Yesenia Pitti, Jihad Sleiman.
Nota: Lo siguiente será lo único escrito en el idioma español en este módulo.
Estimados alumnos y padres de familia el material aquí facilitado es para que los
estudiantes progresen de forma autónoma en su proceso de aprendizaje del idioma
inglés, por ende todo será dado en este idioma de aquí en adelante. Para apoyarse el
alumno deberá usar diccionarios inglés-español o traductores en-línea lo cual fomenta
un hábito apropiado de aprendizaje de forma independiente. Los emails de los
profesores serán facilitados al final del módulo para que cada estudiante mande sus
asignaciones de acuerdo al profesor que le corresponde por grupo.

General Objective: To learn English language structures by analyzing them in

order to understand the relationships among the things and in what context each
structure is used as well as appreciating the importance of English, as an
international language of communication.

First Part: Talking about Experiences that Affect the Present.

Specific Objectives:

To recognize the appropriate use of the present perfect structure in order to
talk about the experience of situations that started in the past and continue
in the present or are up to the present.

To determine what the prepositions of time are that have to be used with the
present perfect to indicate to a period of time or to indicate to a point in time.

To utilize the question phrase “How long” with the present perfect in order to ask
about the duration of an action or experience.

Content: The Present Perfect

The present perfect tense refers to an action or state that either occurred at an
indefinite time in the past (for example: we have talked before) or began in the
past and continued to the present time (for example: he has grown impatient
over the last hour).
The structure of the Present Perfect is:

subject + auxiliary have or has + Main verb in past Participle

(according to the subject)

Examples:

They have been married for nearly fifty years.

She has lived in Liverpool all her life.
I have seen that film before.
I have played the guitar ever since I was a teenager.
He has written three books and he is working on another one.

Structure of the present perfect in affirmative sentences

subject auxiliary verb main verb in
past participle
I have seen that picture
You have eaten my hamburger.
He has watched terminator
She has been to Rome.
it has been cold since yesterday
We have played football.
They have come to my house before

Contraction with Present Perfect

When we use the Present Perfect in speaking, we often contract the subject and
auxiliary verb. We also sometimes do this in informal writing.
I have I´ve We have We´ve

You have You’ve They have They’ve

He has He´s
She has She’s
It has It’s
 Structure of the present perfect in negative sentences
subject auxiliary verb Not main verb in past
participle
I have not seen that picture
You have not eaten my hamburger.
He has not watched terminator
She has not been to Rome.
it has not been for a while
We have not played football.
They have not come to my house before
Note: in negative the contraction of the auxiliary occurs with the adverb “Not”.
Have+ not = haven’t
Has+ not = hasn’t
We haven’t watched that movie.
She hasn’t been here for an hour.

This tense is called the Present Perfect tense. There is always a connection
with the past and with the present.
We use the Present Perfect to talk about experience, change, continuing situation
Present Perfect for experience
We often use the Present Perfect to talk about experience from the past. We are
not interested in when you did something. We only want to know if you did it:

I have seen an alien.

He has lived in Bangkok.
Have you been there?
We have never eaten caviar.

past present future

The action or state was in the In my head, I have a memory

past. now.
Connection with past: the event was in the past
Connection with present: in my head, now, I have a memory of the event; I know
something about the event; I have experience of it

Present Perfect for change

We also use the Present Perfect to talk about a change, or new information:

I have bought a car.

past present future

Last week I didn't have a car. Now I have a car.

John has broken his leg.

past present future

Yesterday John had a good leg. Now he has a bad leg.

Has the price gone up?

past present future

Was the price $1.50 Is the price $1.70

yesterday? today?

The police have arrested the killer.

past present future

Yesterday the killer was free. Now he is in prison.

Connection with past: the past is the opposite of the present

Connection with present: the present is the opposite of the past
Present Perfect for continuing situation
We often use the Present Perfect to talk about a continuing situation. This is a
state that started in the past and continues in the present (and will probably
continue into the future). This is a situation (not an action). We usually use for or
since with this structure.

I have worked here since June.

He has been ill for 2 days.
How long have you known Tara (for)?

past present future

The situation started in It continues up to (It will probably continue into the
the past. now. future.)

Connection with past: the situation started in the past.

Connection with present: the situation continues in the present.

For and Since with Present Perfect tense

We often use for and since with perfect tenses:
 We use for to talk about a period of time: five minutes, two weeks, six years
 We use since to talk about a point in past time: 9 o'clock, 1st
January, Monday

For: a period Since: a point in for since

of time past time
2 centuries 1800
20 minutes 6.15pm a long time I left school
three days Monday ever the beginning of
time
6 months January 4 years 1994

“How long” is used to ask about the duration of time that an experience or
action has taken. To this questions both since and for can be used to answered
depending on the context (a period of time or a point in the time).
Look at these example sentences using how long ,for and since with the Present
perfect tense:
 How long have you been waiting? I have been here for twenty minutes.
 How long have you been here? I have been here since 9 o'clock.
 How long hasn’t John called? John hasn't called for six months /
John hasn't called since February.
 How long has he worked in New York? He has worked in New York for a
long time. / He has worked in New York since he left school.

Now it is time to put into practice what you have learned. Remember that you
can check the material to complete the activities correctly.
Once you complete this practice you must sent it to the respective email of your
respective professor. Remember to write your full name and your group.

Complete the sentences with the correct present perfect form of the verbs
in parenthesis. Remember to use the auxiliary have or has. 10 points.
1. Sophie and I _______have______ (know) each other since we were at
school together.
2. I _______has____ (play) tennis since I was eight years old.
3. Alain _____has_________ (be) in hospital three times this year.
4. I _______has____ (want) to be an actor for as long as I can remember.
5. My uncle ___________has______ (smoke) 40 cigarettes a day for 40
years and he's a doctor!
6. You ________have____ (have) that suit for more than ten years! Isn't it
time to get a new one?
7. Since he finished university, my brother ___have_______ (work) in five
different countries.
8. Susan ____has____ (watch) that TV program every week since it
started.
9. I __has_____ never _____________ (like) bananas. I think they're horrible!
10. What's the most interesting city you ____have_____(visit) ?

II. You must write a 10 sentences paragraph in which you detailed the
experiences with the use of the Present Perfect tense using since and for to
refer to duration of time. The Criteria to evaluate are: Content (10 complete
sentences) grammar, spelling, correct use of punctuation, and body of the
paragraph. Check this link as a reference https://www.grammar-
quizzes.com/presperf5c.html. Total points 30.
Second Part: Obligations
Specific Objectives:

To apply the modal verbs or modal phrases that exist to talk about the obligation of
doing something or the lack of obligation.

To establish the different ways of obligation according to the point of view of the
speaker or by the pressure put by an outsider

Content: Have to, Don’t have to, Must, Mustn’t

We can use the modal phrase have to + infinitive, or the modal verb must +
infinitive to express obligation (something you have to do).
We can also use the modal verb in negative mustn’t + infinitive to express an
obligation of not to do something.
We use the modal phrase don’t have to + infinitive in order to refer when there is
no obligation to do something. In other words we are free of doing something.

Present Positive Negative

have to / strong obligation (possibly from no obligation

don't have to outside)
 I don't have to work on
 Children have to go to Sundays.
school.
 You don't have to eat
anything you don't like.

must / mustn't strong obligation (possibly negative obligation

based on the speaker's opinion)
 You mustn't smoke here.
 I must study today.

Be careful about the difference between mustn't and don't have to!
Mustn't means it's not allowed, or it's a bad idea:
 You mustn't eat so much chocolate, you'll be sick

Don't have to means you don't need to do something, but it is fine if you want to do
it:
 I don't have to get up early at the weekend
 Structure to use Have to for obligation
Subject Modal phrase for Situation or action
obligation
I have to work tonight.
You have to to go to bed early.
He has to go to school.
She has to make the dishes.
It has to go to the veterinarian.
We have to wait patiently
They have to be quiet

Note:
To make questions o obligation with have to we need to use the auxiliary to make
questions in the simple present: Do / Does. We just need to place the auxiliary in
at the beginning of the question. When using the third person singular (he, she,
and it) write the modal phase have to after using does for the question.

Examples:
1. Do I have to work tonight?
2. Does he have to go to school?

Structure to use don’t have to for No-Obligation

Subject Modal phrase for No- Situation or action
Obligation
I don’t have to work tonight.

You don’t have to to go to school tomorrow.

He doesn’t have to to come to the practice.

She doesn’t have to make the bed.

It doesn’t have to go to car’s shop.

We don’t have to Wait in line. We have a silver pass.

They don’t have to be quiet

 Structure for obligation using Must
Subject Modal verb for Situation or action
obligation
I study more English.
You be respectful with others.
He arrive in time.
she must go to the doctor.
It rest three hours a day.
We respect our elders
They speak with the professor about the
problem

Structure for the obligation of not doing something using mustn’t

Subject Modal verb for Situation or action
obligation
I fail my English course.
You disrespect others.
He arrive late.
mustn’t
she go out late at night.
It enter to the restaurant. It is a dog.
We forget our elders
They be afraid of the professor. He is very
nice.

Now it is time to put into practice what you have learned. Remember that you
can check the material to complete the activities correctly.
Once you complete this practice you must sent it to the respective email of your
respective professor. Remember to write your full name and your group.

I. You will create a class rules chart o at least 12 rules using have to, must,
and mustn’t. The rules must be coherent and among the lines of respect to the
other students and to the professor. You can check this link for reference:
https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Lan
guage_(ESL)/Must_or_mustn't/Must_or_mustn't_(classroom_rules)_lo2137p n.
25 points.
II. Complete these sentences with must, mustn’t, have to or don’t have to.
Remember to conjugate have to or don’t have to according to the subject.
20 points.

1. At our school we _________________ wear a uniform.

2. You _______________ cross the roads without looking. It’s dangerous.

3. You ______________ turn on the air conditioner. It’s automatic.

4. The exams are next week. I _____________ work harder.

5. You _______________ forget your umbrella. It’s going to rain.

6. Students ________________ listen to the teacher or they won’t understand.

7. You ________________cross the road when the red light is showing.

8. We ________________ leave now or we’ll miss the plane.

9. Soldiers ______________obey orders.

10. Sorry, I _____________ go now. I don’t want to be late.

11. Shop assistants _______________ deal with the public.

12. You _________________ come with us if you don’t want to.

13. I was late this morning because I ____________wait a long time for the bus.

14. In Panama, teachers ____________________ wear uniforms.

15. You _________________take food in your room.

16. You _________________ use the elevators in case of fire.

17. I _______________ wear glasses because I can’t see very well.

18. You __________________ forget his birthday again.

19. Doctors sometimes __________________work at the weekend.

20. People _________________ smoke on public places.

Professors emails:
Yesenia Pitti. Groups A, B, C, D, E: starlightpa21@gmail.com
Paciencia Delgado. Groups F, G, H, I, J: pacienciadel@gmail.com
Jihad Sleiman. Twelfth grade K: jihadabuhelala@gmail.com