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Quantum Mechanics (1st Edition)

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Chapter 3, Problem 14P Bookmark Show all steps: ON

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A quantum mechanical system starts out in the state

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where |ai〉 are the normalized eigenstates of the operator A corresponding to the eigenvalues ai.
In this |ai〉 basis, the Hamiltonian of this system is represented by the matrix 20 questions remaining

a) If you measure the energy of this system, what values are possible, and what are the My Textbook Solutions
probabilities of measuring those values?

b) Calculate the expectation value 〈A〉 9 of the observable A as a function of time.

Quantum Managerial MAT 210/2

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Step 1 of 8

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(a) right now
The quantum mechanical system is in the state in which,
Maria
MSU-IIT 2139

Here and are the normalized eigenstates of the operator corresponding to the
eigenvalues . Tyler
St. Cloud State Uni… 534

Comment Stephan
Penn State, MIT, W… 1221

Step 2 of 8 Find me a tutor

The Hamiltonian matrix of the system for two states is defined as,

As the Hamiltonian for the system is represented as a matrix, the matrix representation of
the operator will also be a matrix.

If the eigenvalues of this matrix are and , they must be the diagonal element of the
diagonalized form of matrix .

The eigen vectors from the inspection method are:

Comment

Step 3 of 8

As, so,

Normalize the state , as it is not normalized.

Substitute for .

The constant can be taken as positive and real because the phase of the eigenstate is not
physical.

Comment

Step 4 of 8

The possible values of energy measurements are the eigenvalues of the matrix representation of
the Hamiltonian.

Diagonalize the matrix to obtain its eigenvalues, write the characteristic equation for the matrix
form of Hamiltonian .

Here stands for the eigenvalues of and is the identity matrix for a matrix space.

Substitute for and for .

Some more simplification will give a polynomial equation in .

The above equation is in the form of the quadratic equation, therefore the solution of the above
eigen value is calculated as,

Further solve,

Let and are the eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues and

respectively.

For .

Considered a function this is equal to,

Comment
 Step 5 of 8

Therefore, the calculation of the eigen vector of the above system equation is as follows:

Further,

Solve the above equations to obtain the value of .

Now, for the calculation of the above system equation eigen vector, consider a function
which is equal to,

The normalized eigenvector can be written as:

For .

Assume,

So,

Further solve,

From above equations,

Now,

The normalized eigenvector can be written as,

In terms of and , the Eigen vector of system equations and are represented
as,

Comment

Step 6 of 8

The initial state can be represented in the energy eigen basis using the projection
operator as,
Further solve,

Therefore, the above expression is written in the form of time is,

Therefore, the probabilities corresponding to measured energy eigenvalues are

Comments (1)

Step 7 of 8

The measurement of energy gives the following possible results with the corresponding
probabilities:

Comment

Step 8 of 8

(b)

The expectation value of operator can be obtained from the following expression as:

Probability for the measurement of observable for the eigenvalue ,

Probability for the measurement of observable for the eigenvalue ,

 Now the expectation value for operator as a function of time:

From the above calculation of the system equation the expectation value of is:

Comment

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