$

DESIGN CRITERIA
ER
ERIA

DEFINITION
ON AND SELECTION
OF
DESIGN TEMPERATURE
EMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
PRESSUR

PRG.GG.GEN.0001
PRG.GG.GE
PRG.

Rev. 0

May 1994

Ex PRG.PR.VES.2 - Rev. 2 - June 1989

Form code: MDT.GG.QUA.0508 Sht. 01/Rev. 1.94 File code: Normal.dot Data file: PRG_GG_GEN_0001_R0_E.doc
CONFIDENTIAL document. Sole property of Snamprogetti. Not to be shown to Third parties or used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.
$ PRG.GG.GEN.0001

Rev. 0 Date May 1994

Sheet 2 (19)

CONTENTS

1. GENERAL 3
1.1 Scope and field of application 3
1.2 References 3

A
2. INTRODUCTION 4
2.1 Overview 4
2.2 Definitions 4

3. GENERAL CRITERIA 6
3.1
3.2
3.3

4.
ZZ
Design temperature
Design pressure
Criteria for determination off MDMT

ERATIONS
TIO
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS 10
6
7
8

4.1 Columns 10
4.2 Reactors 10
4.3 Furnaces
es 10
4.4 eat excha
Heat exchanger 11
4.5 Pumps
mps (and downstream equipment) 12
BO

4.6 Compressors
mpressors and fans (and downstream
downstre eq
equipment) 13
7
4.7 Hold-up/storage
-up/storage vessels containing special
sspec fluids 13
4.8 Complex circuits 14
4.
4.9 Storage tanks 14
4.10 Steam turbines/steam outlet pipes 15

5. DE
DETERM
GUIDE TO DETERMINING DESIGN TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE 16
5.1 Introduction
ion 16
5.2 Equipment
pment d
de
design temperature and pressure 16
5.3 Piping d
de
design temperature and pressure 19

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$ PRG.GG.GEN.0001

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Sheet 3 (19)

1. GENERAL

1.1 Scope and field of application

The purpose of the present document is to set the general criteriariteria for determining the de
design
temperature and pressure of equipment and piping.
The field of application is that of oil and chemical plants.

A
In relation to specific design requirements where greater er temperature and pressure values are
ter
required, the criteria can be modified, checking howeverwever the repercussions on the sa safety and
cost effectiveness of the plant.

cument, the design engineer must also consider all

In addition to the criteria contained in this document,
the special requirements contained in nationalational and international codes and standards
stand (e.g.
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code) de) that
hat a
are applicable
le to the various pieces of e
eq
equipment
and plant sections.

1.2
ZZ
References

OPR.MO.XE.5011
PRG.GG.NRM.0001
01
Process engineering for primary oil and che
measurement
Guide to metric (SI) unit of measureme
measuremen
chemical systems

ASME, Sect. VIII, Div. 1

1
API RP 521 Guide for Pressure-Relieving
ressure-Relieving a
an
and Depressurizing Systems
BO

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 $ PRG.GG.GEN.0001

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Sheet 4 (19)

2. INTRODUCTION

2.1 Overview

The design temperature and pressure affect the safety, reliability bility and
nd cost effectiveness of a
plant.
In determining the design temperature and pressure, allll possible and foreseeable operating

A
conditions to which equipment or piping might be subjected bjected
ected to must be considered, including
those relating to starting-up, shutdown and changes in n supply, products, operating severity,
seve etc.
When equipment or piping are subjected to more stringent temperature and/o and/or pressure
conditions with respect to normal operating conditions,
ondi tions, these must be specified a
nditions, as alternative
design conditions.
For example, higher temperatures than thos those
hose e of normal operation can be reached during the
ZZ regeneration of a reactor’s catalyst, butt at a lower pressure.

The design temperature and pressureessure affect the selection of materials and are
ressure a used for
calculating the thickness of the walls of equipment and piping.

significantly affect
The design temperature and pressure also significantly ct the cost of equipment
e and piping
and therefore must nott be set unjustifiably high, especially in correspo
correspondence with changes in
rating or material.
h fluids containing hydrogen
In particular, with roge an unjustifiablyably high temperature can require for
more expensive ve materials that are not strictly
trictly necessary.

emperature and pressure are also used

Design temperature us too determine
determ
determi the rating of the nozzle flanges for
ment and piping.
equipment

2.2 Definitions
nitio

2.2.1 Operating
eratin temperature (OPT)
BO

The temperature of the process fluid in the

t equipment or piping during normal operation.

2.2.2 Maximum operating temperature ((MXOT)

The maximum temperature tthe process fluid reaches inside equipment or piping in conditions
that vary fro
from those of no
normal operation, i.e. during start-up and shutdown, for process control
and flexibility needs, an
and when heated up to the maximum ambient temperature or "sunshine
temperature".
ture".

2.2.3 Minimum ope

opera
operating temperature (MNOT)

The minimum
minim
mini temperature the process fluid reaches in equipment or piping in conditions that
from those of normal operation, i.e. during start-up and shutdown, as a result of predictable
vary fr
fro
faul and for process control and flexibility needs.
faults

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 $ PRG.GG.GEN.0001

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Sheet 5 (19)

2.2.4 Design temperature (DT)

The minimum/maximum temperature of the fluid that represents the most dem demanding condit
condition
e and
for the equipment or piping, considering simultaneous temperature nd pressure cond
conditions.
The design temperature is used together with the design pressure
sure to determine the mecha
mechanical
dimensions of the vessel.

A
2.2.5 n Metal Temperature (MDMT)
Minimum Metal Temperature (MMT) e Minimum Design

The Minimum Metal Temperature is the minimum mum

um operating temperature the w walls of the
equipment can reach.
The minimum operating temperature, conditions tions that deviate from normal conditions
ditions condit due to
operating faults, self-cooling, minimum ambient
mbient temperature and any other source of cooling
co
must be considered when setting the Minimum um Metal Temperatu
Temperature.
pipin shall be selected
The material of the equipment and piping ed to avoid fragility at the
th Minimum
ZZ
2.2.6

2.2.7
Design Metal Temperature (MDMT)

Operating pressure (OPP)

T) and at the corresponding pr
pressure.

The gage pressure at which equipment or piping works during normal o

Maximum/minimum
um operating pressure (MXO
(MXOP/MNOP)
op
operation.

The gage pressure

essure at which equipment or piping piping works under
u conditions that deviate from
perating conditions, i.e. during star
normal operating starting- up and sshutdown, as a result of predictable
starting-up
faults and for process control and flexibility needs.

2.2.8 Design
ign p
pressure (DP)

Thee maximum gage pressure (minimum

(minim in the
th case of vacuum operation) at the top of a piece
BO

of equipment or piping. It is used to dedetermine the mechanical dimensions of a piece of

equipment
pment or piping at the design tem
tempe
temperature.

2.2.9 pressure (MAWP)

Maximum admissible operating pr
pre

The maximum gage pressupressure admissible at the top of a vessel, or in piping, under operating
pressur
a a fixed temperature.
conditions at tempe
It is calculat
calculated on the basis of the actual thickness of the equipment, less the corrosion
ce.
allowance.
This thickness mamay be greater than the minimum thickness required by the design pressure
and, conseque
onsequ
consequently, the maximum admissible operating pressure is either equal to or greater
than the des
design pressure.
The pres
press
pressure safety valve (PSV) installed to protect the equipment can be recalibrated on the
o the MAWP.
basis of

Form code: MDT.GG.QUA.0508 Sht. 01/Rev. 1.94 File code: Normal.dot Data file: PRG_GG_GEN_0001_R0_E.doc
CONFIDENTIAL document. Sole property of Snamprogetti. Not to be shown to Third parties or used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.
$ PRG.GG.GEN.0001

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Sheet 6 (19)

3. GENERAL CRITERIA

3.1 Design temperature

3.1.1 Determination of design temperature

The design temperature is determined in the following manner:

nner:

A
x For operating temperatures below -29qC, both the he minimum design temperature, which is
equal to the minimum operating temperature, e, and the maximum design temperature,
re, te
determined as described below, must be specified.
ecified.
cified.

x For maximum operating temperatures between -29 qC and 3

-29qC 343 qC, the design
343qC, n tem
temperatu
temperature is
equal to the maximum operating temperature
emperature
erat qC, but not less than the m
30qC,
plus 30 maximum
ambient temperature defined for the
he pro
project.

3.1.2

3.1.2.1
ZZ
x For maximum operating temperatures

Minimum Design
mperatures a
maximum operating temperature
perature
erature plus 15qC.

Additional considerations
ns
15

n Metal Temperature (MDM (MDMT)

qC, the
343qC,
above 343 temperature is equal to the
e design temperatur

According to ASME standards (ASME Sect Sect. VIII, Re v.. 1, UG

Rev. UG-
UG-20, b), in addition to the design
temperature,
e, the Minimum Design Metal Te Temperature
Tem ure and the corresponding pressure (> 0.1
perature
ust also be specified.
MPa) must
See section
ection 3.3 for the criteria to use in determining the MDMT.

3.1.2.2 With
h regards to the system downst
downstream of the condenser
co
c only (composed of separator, pump
and possible compressor), in certain special cases,
ca the design temperature can be set with the
BO
minimum
imum equal to the maximum cond
condens
condenserer inlet
in operating temperature.

.1.2.3
3.1.2.3 stillation columns with a reboiler,
In distillation reboiler the
th maximum operating temperature of the column bottom
is set to the operating temperature o of the steam leaving the reboiler. The design temperature is
then determined in consequence.

3.1.2.4 ja
jac
When piping is traced or jacketed with steam, the design temperature is taken as the greater of
the temperature
tempera calculated as above and that calculated in the following manner:

x Jacketed
ted lines
li (o lines traced using heat-conducting cement): the design temperature is
(or
equal to th
the co
condensation temperature of steam at the design pressure of the steam used in
the jacket.

x Steam
Steam-traced lines: the design temperature is equal to 70% of the condensation temperature
of the
tth steam at the design pressure of the steam used in the tracing.

3.1.2.5 I vessels internally concrete-sprayed for heat insulation, the design metal temperature is
In
usually set to 343qC, even though it has been shown in experiments that with an internal
concrete lining, the temperature of the metal varies from 120qC to 200°C, depending on the
operating temperature, the environmental conditions and the characteristics of the lining.
This is to take into account possible seepage of hot gases through the concrete layer for various
reasons that give rise to hot spots on the metal.

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CONFIDENTIAL document. Sole property of Snamprogetti. Not to be shown to Third parties or used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.
$ PRG.GG.GEN.0001

Rev. 0 Date May 1994

Sheet 7 (19)

3.1.2.6 For flanges of uninsulated equipment or piping, the design temperature

ure can be assume
assumed as
equal to 90% of the maximum fluid temperature.
Where this is the case, a note should be added to the equipmentt datasheet
atasheet specifying
specifyi that the
flanges must not be insulated.

3.1.2.7 g
For pressurized vessels with a design pressure not greater than 0.35 MPa, the design
than
temperature shall be specified as at least 120qC.

3.1.2.8 For reboilers/heat exchangers that use steam ass the heating fluid, the design
sign temperature
tem on
the steam side shall be specified as equal to the
he steam saturation temperature at the design
pressure or equal to the design temperature of the steam syste
system.

3.1.2.9 For steam generators that use a process

ess fluid as the heating
heating fluid, the design temperature
tempera
tempe on
the steam side, shall be specified as equal to the steam saturation temperature at the design
s equ
pressure.

3.2 Design pressure

3.2.1 Determination of design

n pressu
pressure

The design pressure,

ure, for pressurized equipment,
uipment, is determined in th
the following manner:
Z
x For operating
g pressures below atmospheric pressure,
ating pressure, it is necessary to specify the minimum
design pressure as absolute vacuum, the maximum de des
design pressure equal to 0.18 MPa (or
5 MPa if the safety valve installed for equipment
0.35 uipment protection has a blow-down discharge)
and
nd
d the external pressure equal to the atmos atmospheric pressure of the area where the
atmo
equipment
quipment will be installed.

x For operating pressures between atmospheric

atmosph
atmosphe pressure and a gage pressure of 1.8 MPa, the
design pressure is the greater of
o 0.18 MPa (or 0.35 MPa if the safety valve installed for
equipment
quipment protection has a blow-down
blow
blow-dow discharge) and the value obtained by adding 0.18
MPa
Pa to the maximum operating g gag
gage pressure.

x For operating gage pressures between 1.8 MPa and 4 MPa, the design pressure is equal to
110% of the maximum opera
operating gage pressure.

x For operating
opera pre
gage pressures between 4 MPa and 8 MPa, the design pressure is the value
obtained
btained b
by adding 0
0.4 MPa to the maximum operating gage pressure.

x For operating
perat g
gage pressures above 8 MPa, the design pressure is equal to 105% of the
maximum
mum op
operating gage pressure.

equipm
For equipment directly open to the atmosphere (e.g. chemical vessels and similar), the design
pressure shall be specified as "Atm.".
In ad
add
addition, no calculation code shall be indicated.

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CONFIDENTIAL document. Sole property of Snamprogetti. Not to be shown to Third parties or used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.
$ PRG.GG.GEN.0001

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Sheet 8 (19)

3.2.2 Additional considerations

3.2.2.1 For systems containing propylene or ethylene, the vapor pressure off which vvaries significantly
significan
d. A sufficient margin
over the operating temperature range, the general rule is not valid. marg must be
provided beyond the operating pressure such that minimal mal changes
hanges in the operating
oper
temperature do not trigger the opening of the safety valve.
As a rule, the design pressure is set equal to 120% of the operating gage pres
pressure.

A
3.2.2.2 The absolute vacuum design condition (and corresponding ponding
onding temperature) must be specified
spe for
all equipment that normally operates under vacuum uum
um or that can operate under vacuum
vac when
mergency
ergency stops and for regeneration.
starting up, for discharge operations, during emergency
essels and heat exchangers that normally
The same condition shall be specified for vessels norm opera
operate
liquid-full and which can be shut off and d thus made to go under vacuum for cooling,coolin and
an for
columns and the connected vessels that hat can go under vacuum
acuum due to the effect of heat
he loss
(amine regeneration column and acid d water stripper, for example).
example

3.3
ZZ
Determination of the
n of MD

essures.
corresponding pressures.
MDMT
dition shall
The absolute vacuum design condition
of going under vacuum is only related

Criteria for determination

sha not be specified
elated to ste
steam purging.

e MDMT requires a detail

de
d for vessels for which the

ed study of all poss

detailed possi
t possibility

possible low temperatures and

ating errors and the possibility

Possible operating ssibil alling safety
of installing sa
saf devices that counteract or
se
prevent these e errors must be taken into acco
account.
sibility that certain gases may cau
The possibility cause a tempe
temper
temperature drop in the case of adiabatic
ssurization must be given special consideration.
depressurization

3.3.1 The possibility of the project-defined minimum

minimum am
ambient temperature coinciding with the design
pressure
ssure must be considered for vessels withou
without insulation.
BO

2
3.3.2 The MDMT for vessels containing flu
fluids h
having a vapor pressure greater than the atmospheric
pressure
sure at the minimum ambient tem
tempe
temperature is determined in the following manner:

x The minimum temperature (MM (MMT) is calculated via a series of successive isentropic flashes,
starting from the initial pres
pressure (design pressure) up to the final pressure (atmospheric
pressure), establishing the
tth MDMT for vessels containing liquefied gases; the fact that the
thus-determined MDMT will coincide with a lower pressure shall be taken into account.
thus-dete
The MDMT will then be set 50°C higher than the above-calculated MMT, as long as:
- high
the highest "p
"primary local membrane stress" at the MMT does not exceed 50 N/mm2
- the
he equip
equ
equipment cannot be repressurized while it is still cold

x For safety
ssa reasons, the MDMT shall not be more than 0qC if the volume of LPG contained in
the vessel is equal or greater than 5 m3.

3.3.3 When a vessel contains high-pressure gas, the fact that very low temperatures can be reached
when the gas expands adiabatically must be considered.
In consequence, the formation of a liquid phase due to the effect of retrograde condensation can
also occur, such that the vessel is in the condition of containing a liquefied gas, for which the
criteria of the previous section are applicable.

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$ PRG.GG.GEN.0001

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Sheet 9 (19)

3.3.4 For safety reasons, equipment containing lethal substances in quantities

es equal or greater than
300 kg shall have an MDMT of not more than 0°C.

A
ZZ
BO

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 $ PRG.GG.GEN.0001

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Sheet 10 (19)

4. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

Certain special guidelines that supplement the general criteria and rules
les that d
ules them,
deviate from the
are provided below.

4.1 Columns

A
4.1.1 Distillation columns with side streams

4.1.1.1. Maximum operating temperature

In multi-product columns, in the zone between een the extraction plates off two side streams tthe
ween
on
n is taken as the maximum operating temp
offtake temperature of the heaviest fraction temperatur
temperature for
the zone.
For the zone between the extraction n plate of tthe
he last side stream and the column bottom,
b the
ZZ
4.1.2

4.1.2.1.
outlet temperature is taken as the

ers
he
e column or, in the case of a column with reboile
temperature of the fluid feeding the
he maxi
maximum

rs on an atmospheric or vacuum column

Steam sidestream strippers

Maximum operating temperature

mpera
mum operating temperature for the zone
reboiler, the reboiler
zone.

The inlet temperature trippe is taken as the m

erature of the fluid to be stripped maximum operating temperature.

4.1.2.2. ressure
Design pressure

s is assumed to be the same value set for tth

This the main column to which the stripper is
onnected.
necte
connected.

4.1.3 Absorption
sorption and fractionating columns
BO

4.1.3.1.
.1.3.1. Maximum
mum operating temperature

For the zone between the top tray and the feed tray, the temperature corresponding to the feed
tray is taken as the maximum
maximum op
operating temperature.
For the zone between the feed
f tray and the column bottom, the temperature of the column
bottom is ta
taken.

4.2
2 Reactors

The temperature
temperatu and pressure conditions for possible regeneration of the catalyst must be
tempera
cified.
specified.

4.3 Furnac
Furna
Furnaces

4.3.1 M
Maximum operating temperature

The inlet and outlet temperatures of the process fluid under planned normal operating
conditions must be specified.
In addition, in the case of non-linear vaporization, temperature-enthalpy and pressure-enthalpy
diagrams for evaluating the temperature trend of the fluid in the furnace coil must be attached.

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$ PRG.GG.GEN.0001

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Sheet 11 (19)

4.3.2 Design temperature

4.3.2.1. Design temperature of process fluid

The design temperature of the process fluid coincides with th the high-temperature
h-temperature trip value
C).
)
provided for by Italian regulations (see Collection F, ANCC).

ows:
ws:
It is defined, according to the type of furnace, as follows:

x maximum operating temperature plus 15°C fo for

or preheating ovens
o (topping/vacuum
vacuum distillation,
(topping/vacuu
desulphurization, reboiler furnaces, etc.).

x maximum operating temperature plus

us 5°C for tthermal
C fo hermal cracking/reaction (visbreaker,
racking/reaction furnaces (v
(visb
coking, etc.).

In the case of decoking operations,

erations, the maximum operating
erating temperature should not be
considered for the purposes of determining
determining the design temperature.
temperatu

4.3.2.2. Design temperature of coil

This is defined after

fter the thermodynamic calculation
c calc
calculation for the furnace, on the basis of the process
e furnac
furnace
fluid’s design temperature
emperature as defined above.
ove.

4.3.3 Design pressure

ressure

If a control or shut-off valve is installed upstream

upstream of the furnace, the value of the PSV set
pressure downstream, increased by 120% of the pressure drop
ssure for protecting the equipment downstrea
between
ween the furnace entrance and the PSV, is tta taken as the design pressure.
If, the
he control or shut-off valve is installed
inst do
downstream of the furnace, the design pressure shall
BO

be equal to that of the vessel that is upstre

upstream of the furnace or the design pressure of the feed
pump. p.

In the case of licensed plants (and(an therefore calculated according to API RP 551, constant-
(a
thickness coil, sized with decreasing design pressures corresponding to increasing
temperatures), but subject
subjected to ANCC regulations, Collection F, if the Licensee’s design is
maintained, crossovers mustm be provided between one section and another with a shut-off
pressure swit
switch (1 out o
of 2 logic), calibrated to the individual design pressures of the various coil
sections..

4.4 exchange
exchan
Heat exchanger

4.1
4.4.1 General

Addif
different design temperature and pressure should be specified for both the pipe side and the
s
sh
shell side.
In the case of multi-body heat exchangers, the possibility of specifying separate design
temperatures for each body based on the calculated operating temperatures should be
evaluated.
This may also allow separate choice of materials (n.b. to be chosen on the basis of the
maximum operating temperature).

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CONFIDENTIAL document. Sole property of Snamprogetti. Not to be shown to Third parties or used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.
$ PRG.GG.GEN.0001

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Sheet 12 (19)

4.4.2 Design temperature

The inlet temperature of the hot fluid and the outlet temperature of the cold fluid are taken into
account when calculating the design temperature on both sides..
As the heat exchanger is pressurized equipment, the MDMT must also be defined.
de

A
4.4.3 Design pressure

The following must be considered:

x The position of a heat exchanger mustt be taken

taken into account when defining its design
desi
pressure:

- When the heat exchanger is installed

nstalle upstream of a control or shut-off valve, the design
ZZ-
pressure on the side where

design pressure
PSV for protecting
e the valve
upstream of the heat exchanger
val is installed
installed is the same as that of the
hanger or, if on the delivery
changer
calculated as in subsection
ction 4.5.1.1.

When the heat exchanger is installed

delivery of a centrifugal pump

installe downstream

otecting the equipmentt dow

downstream of a control

downstream pl
installed
ure on the side where the valve is in stalled
plus
us 120% o
tth equipment
pump, the pressure is

contro or shut-off valve, the

given by the set pressure of the
d is give
of the permitted pressure drop
between the equipment downstream eam and the ininlet
et of the
let th heat exchanger under normal
operating
ting
ng conditions, increased by any static head.

x In the
he case of heat exchangers that can be shut off, the
t design pressure on the low pressure
de shall be set equal to 2/3 of the design pressure
side pressu on the high pressure side. The possibility
pressur
xists of exceeding 110% of the above-defined design pressure due to heat exchanger tube
exists
rupture.
uptu
The position in relation to other coconnected equipment must be considered. For example, the
BO

/3 rule will not be followed in the case of reboilers when the lower pressure side is
2/3
onnected to the column, as the piping
connected pipi and connected equipment have sufficient capacity to
absorb pipes breaking without increases in pressure.
sorb possible losses due to pip
pipe
Instead, water coolants with water-side
w shut-off on both inlet and outlet, for example, shall
follow thee 2/3 rule.
shall consider the thus-determined design condition from and up to the
The rating of piping sha
shut-off vvalves.

4.5 downstream equipment)

Pumps (and d
downs

4.5.1 pressure
Design press
pressur

4.5.1.1.
5.1.1. Centrifuga
Centrifug
Centrifugal pumps

The design pressure for equipment and piping on the delivery side of a pump is equal to the
m
maximum delivery gage pressure and is calculated by adding the maximum head of the pump
(normally the shutoff head) to the maximum suction pressure. The shutoff head is that with the
impeller installed and at the specified density and number of revs.
If data for the purchased pump is not available, the pump’s maximum head is assumed to be
120% of the head under design capacity conditions.

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 $ PRG.GG.GEN.0001

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Sheet 13 (19)

For vertical pumps, which reach values of 130÷140% on shut-off, the value
ue to specify must be
carefully evaluated.

4.5.1.2. Reciprocating and rotary pumps

ery side of a pump is calculated as

The design pressure for equipment and piping on the delivery
he discharge gage pressure plus 0.18
115% of the discharge gage pressure, or as a minimum, the

A
MPa.

4.6 Compressors and fans (and downstream equipment)

pment)
ment)

4.6.1 Maximum operating temperature

The maximum operating temperature is s the

e temperature
tem off the fluid on the compresso
compressor delivery
ss eng
side, initially calculated by the process engineer.
ZZ
4.6.2
The "correct" value is provided by

Temporary operating conditions

Temporary conditions that

For example, during
are different from
ons
y the manufacturer of the compr

hat can occur during alternative

g regeneration
generation in catalyt
catalytic uni
m normal process characteristics,
acter
compressor.

alternative plant operation must

ts, the characteristic
units,
which could
racterist
characteristics
ould entail
m be specified.
of the compressed fluid
ent different and more difficult
en
temperature and nd pressure conditions.

4.6.3 onditions
Design conditions

Thee maximum delivery operating conditions are

are con
cons
considered when setting the design conditions
for
or fans. The design temperature and pressure sshall be set equal to the maximum operating
temperature
pera or pressure indicated
ted by the Manufacturer.
indicated Manu
Manufa
BO

4.7 d-up/s
Hold-up/storage ainin special
vessels containing spe fluids

4.7.1 c
Fluids to be considered

The fluids for which the following considerations are applicable are:

x NaOH solutions
so
x NH3 solutio
solutions
x Corrosion
sion iinhib
inhibitors
x Demulsifier
mulsifi
Demulsifiers
x MEA
x DE
DEA
x TEL

4.7.2 Operating pressure

The operating pressure shall be determined as follows:

Form code: MDT.GG.QUA.0508 Sht. 01/Rev. 1.94 File code: Normal.dot Data file: PRG_GG_GEN_0001_R0_E.doc
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Sheet 14 (19)

x Atmospheric pressure if the vessel contains non-volatile fluids (a non-volatile

volatile fluid is defined
as a fluid that has an absolute vapor pressure of less than 0.07 7 MPa at the maximum
max
operating temperature or at the project-defined maximum ambient temperature).
temperatu
x Vapor pressure corresponding to the maximum operating temperature
perature
ture for volatile fluids.
fluid
x Vapor pressure of fluid at the project-defined maximum ambient
mbient temperature
perature for TEL.

A
4.7.3 Design pressure

The design pressure is consequently determined in

n the followin
following manner:
x Atmospheric pressure for non-volatile fluids.
s.
x Vapor gage pressure corresponding to the design
design temperature for volatile fluids.
x Absolute vacuum for TEL.

4.8

4.8.1
ZZ
Complex circuits

Design pressure

If a control or shut-off
must be the same as that
ff valve is installed do
at of the vessel loca
dow
downstream
nstream of the e vessel, tthen the design pressure
located upstream orr equal tto the design pressure of the
feed pump.
If the control or shut-off valve is installed
ed up
ups tream off the ves
upstream vessel, the design pressure shall be
calculated as the sum of the set pressure pressur of the PSV for protecting the vessel located
downstream
ream of the one under consideration, plus 120% 120 of the pressure drop of the circuit
connecting
ecting the two vessels under normal running conditions,
cond increased by any static head.
The pressures for the various pieces of equipment must
he possibility of planning graduated design pressu
high-pressure
be evaluated, for example, in high-pr
high-pre re and ttemperature reaction circuits.
ssure
For a clearer understanding, please see s the examples
e
ex in section 5.
BO

4.9
9 Storage
rage tanks
ta

4.9.1 Design pressure

The following cases can be ide

identified for storage tanks:

4.9.1.1 tank without

Storage tanks without blanketing
bla gas

In this case, the

th design
des pressure at the top of the tank is equal to the atmospheric pressure .

Form code: MDT.GG.QUA.0508 Sht. 01/Rev. 1.94 File code: Normal.dot Data file: PRG_GG_GEN_0001_R0_E.doc
CONFIDENTIAL document. Sole property of Snamprogetti. Not to be shown to Third parties or used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.
$ PRG.GG.GEN.0001

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Sheet 15 (19)

4.9.1.2 Storage tanks with blanketing gas and water seal with of less than 0.1 m

In this case, the design pressure at the top of the tank is equal to 1.42
2 kPa. .

4.9.1.3 Storage tanks with blanketing gas and water seal of more than 0.1 m and less than 0.4 m

qual to 4.90 kPa

In this case, the design pressure at the top of the tank is equal

A
4.10 Steam turbines/steam outlet pipes

When setting the design temperature of outlet pipes

ipes from steam turbines, special ca
care should be
eed conditions (due to lower efficiency,
taken in considering the start-up or low-speed efficiency the stea
steam
could be particularly superheated).
ZZ mendations
dations must be take
In all cases, the manufacturer’s recommendations taken into account.
BO

Form code: MDT.GG.QUA.0508 Sht. 01/Rev. 1.94 File code: Normal.dot Data file: PRG_GG_GEN_0001_R0_E.doc
CONFIDENTIAL document. Sole property of Snamprogetti. Not to be shown to Third parties or used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.
 $ PRG.GG.GEN.0001

Rev. 0 Date May 1994

Sheet 16 (19)

5. GUIDE TO DETERMINING DESIGN TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

5.1 Introduction

Two examples of determining the design temperature and pressureessure for equipment and p
piping
using the guidelines of the present design criteria document are provided
ed bel
below.

A
5.2 Equipment design temperature and pressure

Tables 5.2.a. and 5.2.b. list the operating temperature

mperature and pressure conditio
conditions for the
configurations shown in Figs 5.2.a. and 5.2.b respectively.
espectively.
spective
culated according to the criteria in sections
The design temperatures and pressures, calculated sectio 3 and 4,
are also provided for each piece of equipment.
ment.
ent.

emp
mperature
erature and pressure (see Fig. 5.2.a.)
Table 5.2.a. – Equipment design temperature
ZZ Equipment

Surge Drum

Charge pump
Pressure
ssure
Temperature
emperature
Suction
Operating
perating C

tion pressure
Conditions

0.15 MPa (ga)

96°C
a)

0.18 MPa (ga)

Design
esign C
Pressure
essure
0.35 MPa (ga)

1.4
1
1.40 MPa (ga)
Conditions
Temperature
76°C

76°C
Delivery pressure 1.02 MPa (ga)
Max. suction press. 0.39 MPa ((g
(ga)
Charge
e heat Pipe side 46/101°C
6/101°C 1.40 MPa (ga) 131°C
exchanger
changer
hanger Shell side 128/7
128/75
128/75°C 0.85 MPa (ga) 158°C
Column
umn Head pressure
essure 0
0.67 MPa (ga) 1.40 MPa (ga) 158°C
BO
Head/bottom temp.
te 113/124°C
Condenser
ndense Pressure 0.67 MPa (ga) 0.85 MPa (ga) 143°C
Temperature 113/60°C
Receiver Pressure
essure 0.62 MPa (ga) 0.85 MPa (ga) 113°C
Temperature
Temper
Tempera 60°C
Reflux pum
pump Suct
Suction pressure 0.64 MPa (ga) 1.23 MPa (ga) 113°C
Delivery pressure
D 0.93 MPa (ga)
Max. suction press. 0.88 MPa (ga)
Coolant
nt Produ
Prod
Product Pipe side 30/40°C 0.82 MPa (ga) 70°C
Shell side 60/40°C 1.23 MPa (ga) 90°C
Reboiler
Reboi
Reboile Pipe side 175/175°C 1.20 MPa (ga) 192°C
Shell side 124/128°C 0.85 MPa (ga) 158°C

Notes:
1) Steam to reboiler: 0.80 MPa (ga), saturated, design pressure 1.20 MPa (ga)
2) Steam tracing: 0.55 MPa (ga), condensation temperature 156°C

Form code: MDT.GG.QUA.0508 Sht. 01/Rev. 1.94 File code: Normal.dot Data file: PRG_GG_GEN_0001_R0_E.doc
CONFIDENTIAL document. Sole property of Snamprogetti. Not to be shown to Third parties or used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.
 $ PRG.GG.GEN.0001

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Sheet 17 (19)

Table 5.2.b. - Equipment design temperature and pressure (see Fig.

g. 5.2.b.)

Design
sign Condi
Conditions
Equipment Operating Conditions Internationall Italy
Ita
Pressure Tempemp Pressure Temp
Te
Charge pump Suction pressure 0.57 MPa (ga) 8.04 MPa
Pa (ga) 76°C
C 8.04 MPa (ga) 76°C

A
Delivery press. 6.60 MPa (ga)
Max. suct. press. 0.80 MPa (ga)
Charge/effl. Pipe side: press. 5.48MPa (ga)
a)) 5.96 MPa ((ga) 400°C 7.01 MPa
MP (ga) 400°C
heat exchanger temp. 370/128°C
Shell side: press. 6.27MPa
MPa
Pa (ga) 6.90 MPa (ga)
(g 338°C 7.01
1 MPa (ga) 338°C
3
temp. 46/308°C
308°C
°C
Charge oven Inlet pressure 6.09 MPa (ga) 6.69 MPa (ga)
(g 360°C 7.01
.01 MPa ((ga) 360°C
ZZ Reactor

Rx. effl. cond.

Trim Condenser
Temp.
Inlet pressure
Temp.

Temp.
mp.
p.
e

Inlet pressure
ressure
essure

Pipe side: press.

308/355°C
5.60 MPa (ga) 6.10 MPa (ga)
355/370°C
(ga

5.25 MPa (ga) 5.68 MPa (ga)

131/55°C
0.50MPa
.50MPa (ga) 3.73 MPa (ga)
400°C

161°C

68°C
7.01
7.0 MPa (ga)

7.01 MPa (ga)

4.67 MPa (ga)

400°C

161°C

68°C
temp. 30/38°C
/38°C
Shell side: press. 5.18MPa
5.18MPa (ga) 5.60 MPa
MP (ga) 131°C 7.01 MPa (ga) 131°C
temp. 55/38°C
H.P. separator Pressure 5.10
0 MPa (ga) 5.50
5
5. MPa (ga) 131°C 5.00 MPa (ga) 131°C
L.P.
.P. separator
separ Pressure 0.70
0 MPa (ga)
(ga 0.88 MPa (ga) 68°C 0.88 MPa (ga) 68°C
Recycle
cycle compr. Suction pressure
pressure 5.05 MPa (ga)
( 7.01 MPa (ga) 131°C 7.01 MPa (ga) 131°C
BO
Suction pressure
re 6.36 M
MPa (ga)
Delivery temp. 5
52°C
M/U compr. Delivery press. 5.30 MPa (ga) 5.70 MPa (ga) 125°C 5.70 MPa (ga) 125°C
Delivery press.
ress. 95°C

N
Note:
1) In the case
ca of plants constructed
co in Italy, a safety valve set at 7.0 MPa (ga) and sized for the
total liquid flow must be installed on the liquid charge.
hut-off valve sshall be installed between the above-mentioned PSV and the high pressure
No shut-off
separator.
ator.
2) Alternatively
Alternatively, all equipment up to and including the reactor can be designed for a pressure of
Alternative
MPa (ga) and the downstream equipment can be designed for graduated pressures as
7.01 MP
show in the table (International), on condition that:
shown
x nno shut-off valve is installed between the reactor and high pressure separator.
x an attestation (signed by an engineer who is a member of the society of engineers) is
presented to ISPESL, in which it is stated that “in any eventuality the 'p between the
equipment and the PSV (set pressure 5.5 MPa (ga) cannot exceed the value of .....".
If, for example, the equipment in question is the reactor effluent condenser, the maximum
'p will be 0.18 MPa.

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 $ PRG.GG.GEN.0001

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Sheet 18 (19)

A
ZZ
Fig. 5.2.a.
BO

Fig. 5.2.b.

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 $ PRG.GG.GEN.0001

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Sheet 19 (19)

5.3 Piping design temperature and pressure

The criterion for determining the design temperatures and pressures essures for piping for tthe
ssures fo
configuration shown in Fig. 5.2.a. is summarized in the following table.
able.
e.

Table 5.3.a. - Design temperature and pressure for Fig.. 5.2.a.

A
Segment Design Pressure Design Temperature
mperature
A d/s DP 0.35 MPa (ga) OPT+30°C 76°C
76
B u/s DP+St.Head 0.39 MPa (ga) OPT+30°C 76°C
76°
C Pump DP 1.40
40 MPa (ga) OPT+30°C 76°C
D Pump DP 1.40 MPa (ga) OPT+30°C 131°C
ZZ G
H
E
F

I
d/s DP+St.Head
u/s DP
u/s DP
d

u/s DP+St.Head
+St.Head
Pump DP
0.92 MPa (ga)
0.85 MPa (ga)
0.85 MPa (ga)
0.88 MPa (ga)
1.23
23 MPa (ga)
OPT+30°C
OPT+30°C
OPT+30°C
OPT+30°C
OPT+3
OPT+30
OPT+30°C
1
13
131°C
143°C
143°C
143°C
90°C
J u/s DP+St.Head 0.88
88 MPa (ga) OP
OPT
OPT+30°C 90°C
K u/s DP 0.88
88 MPa (ga) OPT+30°C 90°C
L d/s DP+St.Head 0.95 MPa (ga) OPT+30°C 90°C
M u/s DP 0.85
5 MPa (ga
(ga) 70% st.tr.temp. 109°C
N d/s DP+110% Op 0.60 MPa (ga) 70% st.tr.temp. 109°C
BO

O u/s DP+St.Head 0.89 M

MPa (ga) OPT+30°C 154°C
P u/s DP 0.
0.85 MPa (ga) OPT+30°C 158°C
Q u/s DP+St.Head 0.85 MPa (ga) OPT+30°C 128°C
R u/s DP 0.85 MPa (ga) OPT+30°C 105°C
S u/s DP+St.Head
DP+St.H
DP+St 0.90 MPa (ga) OPT+30°C 70°C

Legend:
d/s downstream
= downst
d
u/s upstream
= upst
u
St. Head static head
ad = st

Revision Memorandum
May 1994 First issue

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