700 Mechanical Engineering Design

EXAMPLE 13–7 Pinion 2 in Fig. 13–34a runs at 1750 rev/min and transmits 2.5 kW to idler gear 3.
The teeth are cut on the 20° full-depth system and have a module of m 5 2.5 mm.
Draw a free-body diagram of gear 3 and show all the forces that act upon it.

Solution The pitch diameters of gears 2 and 3 are

d 2 5 N2 m 5 20(2.5) 5 50 mm
d3 5 N3 m 5 50(2.5) 5 125 mm
From Eq. (13–36) we find the transmitted load to be
60 000H 60 000(2.5)
Wt 5 5 5 0.546 kN
pd2n p(50) (1750)
t
Thus, the tangential force of gear 2 on gear 3 is F 23 5 0.546 kN, as shown in Fig. 13–34b.
Therefore
F r23 5 F 23
t
tan 20° 5 (0.546) tan 20° 5 0.199 kN
and so
t
F 23 0.546
F23 5 5 5 0.581 kN
cos 20° cos 20°
Since gear 3 is an idler, it transmits no power (torque) to its shaft, and so the
tangential reaction of gear 4 on gear 3 is also equal to Wt. Therefore
t r
F 43 5 0.546 kN  F 43 5 0.199 kN  F43 5 0.581 kN
and the directions are shown in Fig. 13–34b.
The shaft reactions in the x and y directions are
x t r
F b3 5 2(F 23 1 F 43 ) 5 2(20.546 1 0.199) 5 0.347 kN
F yb3 5 2(F 23
r t
1 F 43 ) 5 2(0.199 2 0.546) 5 0.347 kN

Figure 13–34 y

A gear train containing an

y F43 F t43
idler gear. (a) The gear train.
3
(b) Free-body of the idler gear. 50T
20°
4
F xb3
c b
b x x
F r43
3
y
F b3
30T 20T
Fb3
a
2 F t23
20°
F r23
F23
(a) (b)
 Gears—General 701

The resultant shaft reaction is

Fb3 5 2(0.347) 2 1 (0.347) 2 5 0.491 kN
These are shown on the figure.

13–15 Force Analysis—Bevel Gearing

In determining shaft and bearing loads for bevel-gear applications, the usual practice
is to use the tangential or transmitted load that would occur if all the forces were con-
centrated at the midpoint of the tooth. While the actual resultant occurs somewhere
between the midpoint and the large end of the tooth, there is only a small error in
making this assumption. For the transmitted load, this gives
T
Wt 5 (13–37)
rav
where T is the torque and rav is the pitch radius at the midpoint of the tooth for the
gear under consideration.
The forces acting at the center of the tooth are shown in Fig. 13–35. The resultant
force W has three components: a tangential force Wt, a radial force Wr, and an axial
force Wa. From the trigonometry of the figure,
Wr 5 Wt tan f cos g
(13–38)
Wa 5 Wt tan f sin g

Figure 13–35 y

Bevel-gear tooth forces.

x
Wt

W ␾ rav

z
Wa Wr