System Solutions for

Hybrid and Electric Vehicles

www.ti.com/hev 2Q 2010
2 System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
➔ Texas Instruments Automotive Commitment
Texas Instruments (TI ) is committed to
providing superior cost-efficient solutions
to the transportation market, along
with excellent product documentation,
on-time delivery and conformance to
specifications.
TI supports transportation industry
requirements and continues to add
to our transportation portfolio. With
more than 30 years of experience
serving customers with demanding
requirements, TI can help you achieve
the quality, reliability and cost goals to
succeed in today’s marketplace.
TI is fully committed to automotive
quality; we have a dedicated quality
organization and a zero-defect strategy
in place. We are TS16949 certified
and a preferred supplier to major car
manufacturers.
Introduction to Electric Transportation
Electric transportation is not a new
phenomena; in fact, the concept has
been around for more than 100 years.
However, given growing environmental
sensitivities, long-term supply concerns,
fossil fuel prices and improved
technology, there is a strong motivation
to further accelerate this market
segment.
Government regulations like the 130-g/km
(and future planned 95-g/km) CO2 average
emission limits for car manufacturers in
Europe are also catalysts behind new
electrified transportation alternatives.
With the adoption of more electronics,
vehicles become safer, exhibit higher
performance, and are more efficient.
Electric transportation is a key element
within the overall renewable energy
landscape. Energy for charging is
expected to come from renewable
sources like wind-, solar- or water-
powered plants. Home and public
charging stations will also become more
prevalent and can take advantage of
off-peak charging (nighttime) and other
green energy sources such as wind.
With a full range of analog and
embedded processing products, TI is
at the forefront of helping to bring safer,
affordable and more efficient electric
transportation solutions to market. TI’s
solutions for this industry range from
optimized and dedicated integrated
System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Texas Instruments
System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
Texas Instruments Automotive Commitment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Introduction to Electric Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Why TI? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
System Architecture of HEV/EV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Start/Stop Function (Micro Hybrid)
Start/Stop Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Power Management for Start/Stop Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Start/Stop Function Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
TPS40210: Boost Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
TPIC74100: Buck-Boost-Converter Integrated Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
TPS40090: Four-Channel Multiphase Buck DC/DC Controller (or Boost) . . . . . . . . . . 5
Start/Stop Function Using the C2000™ DSP Piccolo™ MCU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Battery Management, Power Conversion (DC/DC) and Charging (AC/DC)
Introduction to Battery Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Battery Management System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Battery Management: bq76PL536 and bq76PL537 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Battery Management: Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
bq76PL536: Battery Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
bq76PL536: Evaluation Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Introduction to DC/DC Converter Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
DC/DC Converter: Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
UCC2895: Advanced Phase-Shift Resonant Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
DC/DC Converter Using C2000™ DSO Piccolo™ MCUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
C2000™ DSP’s Piccolo™ TMS320F280x Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
C2000 DSP Digital Power DC/DC Developer Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
On-Board Charger – AC/DC with PFC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
AC/DC Developer’s Kit with TMS320F280x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
AC/DC Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Piccolo MCUs F2802x vs. F2803x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
UCC28070: Two-Phase Interleaved Constant Current Mode (CCM)
Power Factor Correction (PFC) Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Motor Control
Introduction to DC/AC for Inverter Motor Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
TMS570: The Safe TI Microcontroller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
TMS570: Evaluation Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
The Analog Foundation
Analog Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
ISO1050: Isolated CAN Transceiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
ISO72x – Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
ISO7221Cxx: Dual-Channel, 1/1, 25-Mbps Digital Isolator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
ISO55xx: Isolated Gate Driver Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
AMC1203 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Charging Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Charging Infrastructure – Connecting the Car to the Smart Power Grid . . . . . . . . . . 23
PLC Kit Using the TMS320F28335 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
ZigBee® RF Using the CC2530 System-on-Chip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
E-Bike, Scooter and Small Task-Oriented Vehicles (STOVs) . . . . . . . . 25
bq78PL114: Integrated Gas Gauge, Protection and Active Cell Balancing . . . . . . . . 26
bq77PL900: Standalone and Host-Controlled Battery Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Digital Motor Control for E-Bikes, Scooters and STOVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
High-Voltage PFC and Motor Control Developer’s Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
controlSuite™ Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
TI Worldwide Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
circuits to full system-level solutions communications, consumer electronics,
to help our customers optimize and and energy efficiency enables engineers
accelerate product development. to meet increasing needs for higher
speeds, higher precision, lower power
TI’s experience in diverse markets such and more robust equipment – all while
as industrial control, industrial motor maintaining the high standards of quality
drives, digital power supplies, smart and reliability that the automotive and
metering and grids, wired and wireless transportation market demands.
2Q 2010
 System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles 3

Introduction to Electric Transportation

➔

Why TI? Within this guide, you will find solutions and support for your hybrid and electric vehicle
Innovated semiconductor solutions applications designs in the following categories:
• Making advanced automotive
Different types of hybrid and electric vehicles
and transportation devices
more flexible, affordable and Full Full
accessible. Start/ Micro Mild Hybrid Hybrid Full
Feature Stop Hybrid Hybrid (Parallel) (Serial) Electric
• Addressing growing needs in
energy efficiency, power and Start/stop alternator a a a a
battery management, wired and Regenerative breaking a a a a a
wireless connectivity, and
performance and precision. Electric torque assist a a
Electric and combustion drive a
Complete portfolio
Only electric drive possible a a
• Amplifiers, data converters, interfaces,
power management, isolation, logic, Plug-in capability a a a
DSPs, MCUs, wireless connectivity.
• Catalog, application-specific, Different types of hybrid and electric vehicle concepts exist in the market. Texas Instruments
enhanced and custom IC options. offers leading-edge solutions for all systems, from a basic start/stop function to a fully
• Experienced automotive and integrated plug-in electric vehicle. This guide will give an overview of the various
transportation sector supplier with a functions and also cover product highlights from various areas. For the latest information,
full range of AEC Q-100-certified see TI’s Web site, www.ti.com.
analog and embedded processing
technologies and products.
System Architecture of HEV/EV
➔

Quality and reliability

• Experience in serving the automotive Battery Battery
Monitoring Management
market for more than 30 years.

Infrastructure/Charging Spot
• Ability to serve customers of all sizes
with a variety of supplier chains and
needs. Electrical DC/AC
DC/DC High- AC/DC
Converter Voltage
• Long product lifetimes and flexible Motor/ Inverter Li-Ion
Converter
Generator (Reversible) (PFC + PLC)
product obsolescence policy, ensuring Battery
Motor Control Energy Conversion Charger
continuity of supply.
• Worldwide manufacturing and R&D
capabilities. The hybrid and electric vehicle system is DC/DC
• Member of industry-standard Converter
built of several modules to form the drive (Full Bridge)
organizations and alliances.
train and energy storage system. The
Commitment battery block (typically a Li-ion chemistry
Low-
• Design support in the range of 400 V) is managed and 12-V Board Voltage
Net 12-V
• Tools monitored by the battery management Battery
• Training system (BMS) and charged via an on-board
• Distribution AC/DC converter module, with voltages
ranging from 110-V single phase to (up to ASIL-D) that are specifically
This Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Solutions 380-V three-phase systems. The DC/ relevant for managing the potentially
Guide is intended to help you explore TI’s AC inverter uses the high voltage of the explosive high-voltage battery pack, as
IC solutions as the various transportation battery to drive the electric motor, but well as the drive train used for breaking.
sectors become increasingly electrified also is used for regenerative breaking,
on a path toward energy efficiency and storing energy back into the battery. TI is very active in the industrial control
sustainability. This guide features several segment and can combine extensive
system block diagrams, followed by To connect the high-voltage battery to application experience with a strong
details about key devices and support the conventional 12-V board net requires background in the automotive space.
functions. a DC/DC converter. The connection of a Several evaluation modules with
high-voltage battery to the inverter also hardware and software support will
requires a reversible DC/DC converter in speed up development, while the
most cases. The complete HEV system product roadmap addresses future
has to meet specific safety requirements requirements.

Texas Instruments 2Q 2010 System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
4 Start/Stop Function (Micro Hybrid)
➔ Start/Stop Function

A start/stop system automatically shuts This feature is present in hybrid electric have typically been designed to run
down and restarts an automobile’s internal vehicles, but has also appeared in off a serpentine belt on the engine,
combustion engine to reduce the amount vehicles that lack a hybrid electric these systems must be redesigned to
of time the engine spends idling, thereby powertrain. For non-electric vehicles function properly when the engine is
improving fuel economy. This is most (called micro hybrids), fuel economy turned off. Typically, an electric motor
advantageous for vehicles that spend gains from this technology are typically is used to power these devices instead.
significant amounts of time waiting in the range of 5 to 10 percent. But
at traffic lights or that frequently come because automobile accessories like
to a stop in traffic jams. air conditioners and water pumps

➔ Power Management for Start/Stop Function

TI’s solution

Supply Cold crank, crank down to 2 V-4 V

Vdriver Cboot1
VBAT
L1
VS
Power Management Buck/Boost

AIN
L2
Vlogic Constant 5-V
Cboot2
output at supply
Rmod VOUT
voltage from
PGND 1.5 V to 40 V
GND
5Vg Aux 5-V 2 V-4 V
Enable AOUT Output
5Vg_Enable RESET
CLP REST

VBAT
VOUT
VOUT PWM
Controller
Start-stop crank, crank down to 6 V-7 V
High-Power Booster

Phase 1 Gate
Driver VS
VOUT

6 V-7 V
Phase n +1 Gate
Driver

More and more modules inside a car start/stop (micro hybrid) systems, a TI offers a variety of products in the
have to be defended from voltage drop trend seen in the automotive industry power management area that can
during cranking. This problem has to improve fuel efficiency. solve this system/customer problem.
increased with the implementation of

System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Texas Instruments 2Q 2010
 Start/Stop Function (Micro Hybrid) 5

Start/Stop Function Applications

➔

Boost Converter
TPS40210
Get samples, datasheets, EVMs and app reports at: www.ti.com/sc/device/TPS40210

Key Features Benefits

• Wide-input voltage range: 4.5 V to 52 V • Suitable for any type of boost
• Current-mode controller application RC VDD
• TPS40210: internal reference • Boost, flyback and SEPIC
voltage: 0.70 V topologies possible SS VBP
• Internal undervoltage lockout
• Programmable frequency DIS/EN GDRV
35 kHz to 500 kHz
• Frequency synchronization TPS40210 controller COMP ISNS
• Closed-loop soft start configured as a high-efficiency
RSENSE

• Overcurrent protection constant-current LED driver. FB GND

• Integrated NMOS-FET driver
• Small package size – 10-pin MSOP EVM available

Buck-Boost-Converter Integrated Switches

TPIC74100-Q1
Get samples, datasheets, EVMs and app reports at: www.ti.com/sc/device/TPIC74100-Q1
Key Features • Thermally enhanced 20-pin Vdriver Cboot1
Supply
• Wide-input voltage range: 1.5 V to 40 V PowerPAD™ package
AIN L1
• Max. load current: 1 A (TPIC74100-Q1) Benefits L
500 mA (TPS55065-Q1) • Stable 5-V line, also during cranking Vlogic L2
• Max. load current: 200 mA @ VIN = 2.0 V pulse
• Max. load current: 120 mA @ VIN = 1.5 V • Wideinput voltage range, no external Rmod Cboot2

• Fixed output voltage: 5 V protection required GND Vout

• Enable function, shutdown • Reset integrated, additional alarm Main
current < 20 µA threshold integrated GNDP
5-V output

• Switching frequency 440 kHz (nom) • Output voltage switched to second pin Enable
• Slew rate control and frequency (auxiliary 5-V output)
5Vg
Aux
modulation for EMI reduction • Designed for harsh automotive 5Vg_Enable 5-V output
Aout
• Alarm function for undervoltage detection environments (protections for over CLP
• Switched 5-V output with current limit temperature, overvoltage) RESET

EVM available
Four-Channel Multiphase Buck DC/DC Controller (or Boost)
TPS40090 2 CS2 TPS40090 CS3 3
CCS3 RCS3
4 CS4
Get samples, datasheets, EVMs and app reports at: www.ti.com/sc/device/TPS40090 CBP5
14 PGQOD CSCN 5
22 BP5
Key Features • Resistive or DCR current sensing CCS1
RCS1
6 ILIM CS1 1
• Qualified for automotive applications • Current-sense fault protection CSS
17 GND
VIN 23
VIN (4.5 V to 15 V)

• Two-, three- or four-phase operation • Programmable load line RILIM2

RRT
15 SS
CIN
L1
• 5-V to 15-V operating range • Compatible with TI’s UCC37222
TI
16 RT Synchronous
RDROOP PWM1 21 Buck
RILIM1 7 DROOP
• Programmable switching frequency Predictive Gate Drive™ BP5 Driver

8 REF
CREF PWM2 20
up to 1 MHz/phase technology drivers RFB3 CFB1
24 EN/SYNC
9 COMP PWM4 18
• Current-mode control with forced • 24-pin space-saving 10 FB TI
L2

current sharing (1) TSSOP package RFB2

RFB1
11 DIFFO
PWM3 18
Synchronous
Buck
Driver
VOUT(0.7 V to 3.5 V)

• 1% internal 0.7-V reference • Binary outputs 13 GNDS

COUT
12 VOUT
• Resistive divider set output voltage
• True remote sensing differential amp EVM available

Texas Instruments 2Q 2010 System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
6 Start/Stop Function (Micro Hybrid)
➔ Start/Stop Function Using the C2000™ DSP Piccolo™ MCU

VIN-12 V
VIN V-BOOST
VOUT

+ + +
1A 1-phx1
Piccolo CS
Gain
1-phs 1
CPU 1-phs 2
ADC 1-phs 3
32-bit 1-phs 4
DSP 12-bit
60 MHz 4.6 MSPS
V-boost
VREF V-IN +
TempSense
2A 1-phx2
CS
PWM 1 (HR) 1A Gain
I2C 2A
PWM 2 (HR) LS
SPI
UART PWM 3 (HR) DRV 3A
CAN PWM 4 (HR) 4A

+
3A 1-phx3
CS
CAN Gain

bus

+
4A 1-phx4
CS
Gain

Using a C2000 DSP with enhanced flexible loop control strategies that can Under these conditions, “intelligent”
real-time features brings both high- be adaptive and managed for efficiency, management software can re-tune control
speed loop control and system manage- transient performance, light-load opera- loops by dynamically changing compensa-
ment capabilities in a single device. The tion, fault-handling and rich diagnostics. tor coefficients. The above diagram shows
Piccolo MCU’s math-efficient CPU, a four-phase boost implementation where
closely coupled with high-performance Independent control of each phase each MOSFET is controlled with a high-
PWMs and ADCs, can control multi- allows for current balancing within each resolution PWM capable of 150-pS edge-
phase boost stages over a wide range phase, spreading the load evenly and placement accuracy, ensuring smooth
of operating points. Digital control improving reliability. This also adds PWM switching speeds from 100 KHz to
schemes with feed-forward, 3-pole/ phase-shedding capability, where at light beyond 500 KHz without the undesirable
3-zero compensators, PID, etc., allows loads one or two phases are used, hence limit-cycle oscillations often associated
power designers to realize complex and increasing efficiency. with low-resolution pulse-width modulators.
Contact local sales office for more information.

System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Texas Instruments 2Q 2010
Battery Management, Power Conversion (DC/DC) and Charging (AC/DC) 7

Introduction to Battery Management ➔

High-Voltage Battery Pack

Current
Sense
Temp
AC Line Protection
Sensor
83-265 VAC

Isolation Boundary
+
Boosted DC BMS I
Rectified AC Output +
385 V-400 V I
+
I
+
I
+
I
MOSFET +
Driver I
+
I
BMS +
I
+
I
Relay +
Driver Current I
Sense Current +
I
Sense +
BMS I
+
I

Digital Power Controller Digital Power Controller

Current
Sense
Power Line Isolation
Interface
Communication
Option
Interface
Option

Isolation Temp
Sensor Legend
Auxiliary Other
Power
Interface
Power
Amplifier

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)
and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are
two quickly emerging technologies that
use powerful electric motors as the
propulsion source. In order to power
these electric motors, large battery
packs are made up of hundreds of
cells, totaling 300-400 volts installed in
the vehicle.
Because batteries have a finite energy
capacity, PHEVs and BEVs must also available to provide critical the pack and can help deliver as much
be recharged on a periodic basis,
typically by connecting to the power
grid. The charging system for these
vehicles consists of an AC/DC rectifier
to generate a DC voltage from the AC
line, followed by a DC/DC converter to
generate the DC voltage required by
the battery pack. Additionally, ad- packs. They can handle the voltages
vanced charging systems might also and currents found in higher power
communicate with the power grid using applications like power tools and
PLC modems to adjust charging based electronic mobility. The more cells
on power grid conditions. The battery a pack has in series, the greater the
pack must also be carefully monitored difference in state of charge, imped-
during operation and charging in order ance, and capacitance affecting the
to maximize energy usage and prolong health and energy delivery of the
battery life. pack. The bq76PL5xx devices include
circuitry for bringing the cells back into
High-performance analog parts are balance. This increases the lifetime of
system functions and features such energy to the application as possible.
as sensor feedback, isolation, chip Each bq76PL5xx device protects
power supplies and communication from overcharge, over discharge, over
transceivers. temperature and high-current events
for pack and system safety.
The bq76PL5xx device families are
designed for high-cell-count battery

Texas Instruments 2Q 2010 System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
8 Battery Management, Power Conversion (DC/DC) and Charging (AC/DC)
➔ Battery Management System
Safety
Disconnect
ISENSE –
Battery/Ultra Capacitor Stack
Shunt
– + – + – +– +– + – + – + – +– +– + – + – + – +– +– + + ˜
e.g. 400 V

Cell Balancing Parts Cell Balancing Parts Cell Balancing Parts

Cell Monitoring Cell Monitoring Cell Monitoring

Isolation

Power Supply

Supervisor
MCU
ADC
Digital
Isolator CAN

Isolated
Reference DC/DC
Temp Sensor
Converter

The battery management system

(BMS) is a key element in the overall
HEV architecture. Not only will an + – + – + –
intelligent implementation extend the
battery’s lifetime, but also extend the
possible range of the vehicle in fully
Module 1

Module 2

Module 3

electric drive mode, which is a key

selling point to end users.

The battery system is often divided
into several submodules that can
Private CAN
Safety Line

be placed in various positions of the

vehicle. All of these modules require
battery supervision and battery cell-
balancing features, often connected
through different communication paths
to ensure system redundancy. Built-in BMS Main µC
temperature management is also a
TMS570 Family Public
crucial element for the system lifetime, CAN
and for safety.
Dual Core Lockstep
The complete battery system SIL3-Compliant
represents a highly safety-critical
function; therefore, the microcontroller
needs to meet specific safety
requirements.

System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Texas Instruments 2Q 2010
Battery Management, Power Conversion (DC/DC) and Charging (AC/DC) 9

Preview Battery Management: bq76PL536 and bq76PL537 ➔

Building on the broad experience in for high-cell-count applications offer balancing – as well as with and without
battery-management solutions for highly integrated solutions for the HEV/ a secondary protector function – and are
consumer and industrial applications, EV space. They are available in different the start of a bigger family of devices for
the new battery-management devices setups with passive and active cell the HEV/EV space.

HEV/EV monitor • Three to six cells HEV/EV monitor • Three to six cells
and protector with • High measurement accuracy . and active cell • High measurement accuracy .
passive balancing of ±1 mV typical balancing of ±3 mV typical
• Fast response to OV, UV, • No isolation components

bq76PL536

OT due to independent,
integrated safety comparators
bq76PL537

required for IC-to-IC
communication
• Dedicated alert/fault and • Advanced PowerPump™
Monitor convert/ready signals Monitor bidirectional charge transfer
• No isolation for IC-to-IC cell with active cell balancing
Passive
•
communication
Bypass/bleed cell balancing Active
•

Balancing, integrated gate
drivers for external FETs
Balancing topology, integrated gate Balancing • PowerPump balancing
drivers with external FETs available during charge,
2nd Protector •

Fast multiplexed
A/D converter

•
discharge or idle conditions
Multiple synchronized A/D
• Measures six Vcells, Vstack, converters
two temp, one aux • Measures six Vcells, Vstack,
six aux (temperature)
• Dual redundant
communication channels

Fully integrated monitoring solutions
provide very accurate insight into the
status of the cell stack. The PL536
provides basic passive cell balancing,
integrated secondary OV battery
protection and communicates via
different SPI channels (non-isolation For the BMS central microcontroller,
required) plus signals for fault detection. the TMS570 is an excellent choice,
The PL537 offers active cell balancing, described later in this guide.
enhancing the battery’s energy usage for
extended ranges using PowerPump™
technology.

PowerPump™ technology for active cell balancing. P-FET turned on energizing inductor.
V3
Current
P-FET
V3

V2

P-FET turned off. Stored inductor energy

Control signals transferred through body diode of N-FET.
V2 from PL537
V2

N-FET
Current
V1
V1

Texas Instruments 2Q 2010 System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
10 Battery Management, Power Conversion (DC/DC) and Charging (AC/DC)
➔ Battery Management: Applications
Battery Management
bq76PL536
Preview
Get samples, datasheets, EVMs and app reports at: www.ti.com/sc/device/BQ76PL536

Key Features
• Three- to six-series cell support, all
chemistries hot-pluggable
• Stackable vertical SPI interface
• No isolation components required
• High-speed SPI for data communications
• Dedicated fault signals
• High-accuracy A/D converter:
— ±1-mV typical, ±3-mV max
—14-bit resolution
— 3-µs conversion time
• Nine ADC inputs: six cell voltages, one
6-cell “brick,” voltage, two temperatures, controller. The bq76PL536 can be stacked vertically to monitor as many as 192 cells
one general-purpose input
• Built-in comparators (secondary protector)
The bq76PL536 is a stackable, three- to six-series cell lithium-ion battery pack
protector and analog front end (AFE) that incorporates a precision analog-to-digital
converter (ADC), independent cell voltage and temperature protection, cell balanc-
ing and a precision 5-V low dropout regulator (LDO) to power user circuitry. The
bq76PL536 provides full protection (secondary protection) for overvoltage, under-
voltage and over-temperature conditions. When safety thresholds are exceeded, the
bq76PL536 sets the fault output. No external components are needed to configure or
enable the protection features.
Cell voltage and temperature protection functions are independent of the ADC. The
bq76PL536 is intended to be used with a host controller to maximize the functionality of
the battery management system. However, the protection functions do not require a host
without additional isolation components between ICs.

REG50

LDOD
LDOA

VBAT
AUX
for overvoltage, undervoltage and over-
bq76PL536
temperature protection LDO-A LDO-D
OT1
TS2+

• Programmable thresholds and delay times 5-V LDO

(User Circuitry)
TS2–
TS1+
Level- OT2
• Supply voltage range from 5.5 V to 30 V Shifted
North
Thermal TS1–
Shutdown OV
• Low power: Comms
Interface
VC6
UV
— 12-µA sleep current (typical) EEPROM CB6
OV
— 48-µA idle current (typical) Shadow RAM
UV
VC5

• Integrated precision 5.0-V 3-mA LDO OV

CB5
Host Interface

VC4
Level Shift and MUX
UV
CB4

Cell Balancing
OV
14-Bit
AMP VC3
ADC
Digital UV
Control CB3
Logic OV
Ultra-Precision

VREF
VC2
Bandgap

2.5 V
UV
Level- CB2
Shifted
OV
South VC1
Comms UV
Interface CB1
REF2
OSC WDT VC0
+
–
VREF

GPAI+
GPAI–

VSS

VSS
GPIO

Start/Stop Function (Micro Hybrid)

➔ bq76PL536 Evaluation Module Preview
• Can handle up to 18 cells, three PL536 on the board
• Works with battery cells or power supply input
• Includes 2.5-kV galvanic isolation for host CPU or PC
• Software interface for easy system evaluation
• Order part number: BQ76PL536EVM
• Available 2Q 2010

System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Texas Instruments 2Q 2010
Battery Management, Power Conversion (DC/DC) and Charging (AC/DC) 11

Introduction to DC/DC Converter Module ➔

High Voltage Low Voltage

PWM 3 a PWM 4 a PWM 3 a PWM 4 a

12-V
High-Voltage
Vehicle
Battery
Power Net
PWM 3 b PWM 4 b PWM 3 b PWM 4 b

Gate Gate
Drivers Drivers

PWM PWM
Controller Controller

PWM
V and I
ADC
Sense
Reference ADC

Digital MCU/DSP
Isolator
Temp Core and I/O
ADC
Sensor Supply

V and I
ADC
Sense System Power
Legend

Network MCU CAN Processor

Interface
Power
Isolated
DC/DC ADC
Converter Supervisor Design Option
CAN
Amplifier

The DC/DC converter module is used to controllers or an MCU controlling both platform, with adjustments done in the
connect the high-voltage battery to the the high- and low-voltage side of the software only and additional capabilities
12-V vehicle Power Net. The system converter. This method offers more like diagnostic features.
can either be realized with fixed PWM flexibility using a common hardware

Texas Instruments 2Q 2010 System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
12 Battery Management, Power Conversion (DC/DC) and Charging (AC/DC)
➔ DC/DC Converter: Applications
Advanced Phase-Shift Resonant Controller
UCC2895
Get samples, datasheets, EVMs and app reports at: www.ti.com/sc/device/UCC2895
Key Features The UCC2895 is a phase-shift pulse-width modulation (PWM) controller that imple-
• Qualified for automotive applications ments control of a full-bridge power stage by phase-shifting the switching of one half-
• Programmable output turn-on delay bridge with respect to the other. It allows constant frequency PWM in conjunction with
• Bidirectional oscillator synchronization resonant zero-voltage switching to provide high efficiency at high frequencies. The part
• Voltage-mode, peak-current-mode or can be used either as a voltage- or current-mode controller.
average-current-mode control
• Programmable soft start/soft stop Although the UCC2895 maintains the functionality of the UC3875/6/7/8 family and
and chip disable via a single pin UC3879, it improves on that controller family with additional features such as enhanced
• 0 to 100% duty-cycle control control logic, adaptive delay set and shutdown capability. Because it is built using the
• 7-MHz error amplifier BCDMOS process, it operates with dramatically less supply current than its bipolar
• Operation to 1 MHz counterparts. The UCC2895 can operate with a maximum clock frequency of 1 MHz.
• Typical 5-mA operating current
at 500 kHz
• Very low 150-µA current during
UCC2895 Q1
undervoltage lockout (UVLO) VIN1
1 EAIN EAP 20
2 EAOUT SS/DISB 19
3 RAMP OUTA 18

4 REF OUTB 17 A C
5 GND PGND 16

6 SYNC VCC 15 VOUT VIN

B D
7 CT OUTC 14

8 RT OUTD 13

9 DELAB CS 12

10 DELCD ADS 11

➔ DC/DC Converter Using C2000™ DSP Piccolo™ MCUs

VHV ILV
IHV VLV
In automotive solutions, a bidirectional
CT CT
1A 2A 3A 4A DC/DC converter is useful in many
High Low
Voltage Voltage applications. For example, on the high
1B 2B 3B 4B voltage side, an H-bridge topology is
used to drive an inverter for the electric
HS
DRV 3A
4A
HS motor. When the driver steps on the
DRV
LS 3B LS brake, an H-bridge on the secondary
DRV DRV
4B side can use the back EMF to recharge
Piccolo
the battery. Alternatively, a bidirectional
CPU PWM1 AB DC/DC converter can be used in
32-bit
DSP PWM2 AB systems that have both a high-voltage
lithium-ion battery and an automotive
60 MHz

CLA PWM3 AB
32-bit PWM4 AB 12-V battery to add more capabilities,
FPU

ILV
60 MHz
I2C as well as increase flexibility.
IHV ADC SPI
VHV UART LIN/CAN
VLV 12 bit CAN Bus
Temp LIN
Isolation
Isolation

System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Texas Instruments 2Q 2010
Battery Management, Power Conversion (DC/DC) and Charging (AC/DC) 13

C2000™ DSP’s Piccolo™ TMS320F2802x Family

➔

Key Features TMS320F2802x devices feature architectural advancements and enhanced peripherals
• C28x™ DSP 32-bit CPU in packages from 38 pins to bring the benefits of 32-bit real-time control to applications
• Single-cycle 32-bit MAC typically unable to justify the associated cost. Real-time control offers greater system
• Up to 60-MHz performance efficiency and precision through the implementation of advanced algorithms. For more
• Full software compatibility with information, visit www.ti.com/piccolo.
previous generations
Memory VREF Lo + ADC C28 Core
• Flash: 16, 32, 64 KB VREF Hi – 32-bit - 40/60 MHz PWM1 AB PWM - 1A
PWM - 1B
VREF
• RAM: 4, 6, 10, 12 KB A0 Flash 64 kB PWM2 AB PWM - 2A
PWM - 2B
A1
RAM 12 kB
A2
A3 12-bit PWM3 AB PWM - 3A
PWM - 3B
Peripheral Highlights A4
4.6 MSPS
A5 PWM4 AB PWM - 4A
PWM - 4B
• Single 3.3-V supply A6 Dual S/H
A7
• Two high-accuracy on-chip oscillators B0
Auto Seq
(10 MHz) B1
B2
• Best-in-class PWM and event capture B3
B4 Temp
• 150-ps resolution on PWM duty B5 Sensor 6
B6 TripZone TZ1
and frequency B7
CMP1 - OUT Logic TZ2
+ TZ3
• 12-bit ratio-metric ADC with individual DAC – CMP1 - OUT
channel triggers and 4.6-MSPS speed 10 bit CMP2 - OUT
+ CMP2 - OUT
• Two analog comparators with 10-bit reference DAC – CAP ECAP
10 bit
• Robust serial communication interfaces Analog
Comparators Comms
• Up to 22 general-purpose I/Os 3
UART
• Packages: 38-pin TSSOP, 48-pin LQFP Timers - 32 bit 2
2 SPI
PWR VREG Timers - 0
3 1
GND Int-OSC-1 WD Timers - 1 I2C
PWMs: Includes ePWM channels and captures Timers - 2
Int-OSC-2
used as basic PWMs. X1
Ext-OSC-2
PLL
X2
System GPIO
POR/BOR
Control
Timers: Timers include CPU, PWM and
watchdog timers.

C2000 DSP Digital Power DC/DC Developer Kits

Digital power experimenter’s kit ($229) offers:

• Two-rail DC/DC EVM using TI PowerTrain™
modules (10 A), F2808 controlCARD™
controller subsystem
• On-board digital multimeter and active load
for transient response tuning
Order part number: TMDSDCDC2KIT

DC/DC developer’s kit ($325) offers: Resonant DC/DC developer’s kit ($229) offers:
• Eight-rail DC/DC EVM using TI PowerTrain • Single transformer LLC resonant
modules (10 A) DC/DC converter
• Applications software with example code and • Four different feedback methods for
full hardware details experimentation
• Demonstrates multirail and multiphase • Lossless current sensing circuit for
applications fault protection
• Includes F28044 controlCARD controller • Active load for transient response tuning
subsystem • Includes F2808 controlCARD controller
Order part number: TMDSDCDC8KIT subsystem
Order part number: TMDSRESDCKIT

Texas Instruments 2Q 2010 System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
14 Battery Management, Power Conversion (DC/DC) and Charging (AC/DC)
➔ On-Board Charger – AC/DC with PFC

High-
DCBUS Voltage
VRECT VBOOST VBUS VOUT
Battery

A C
95-275 E
VAC 1A
CT
Filter

1B
IOS
2A
B D F
2B

IPFC IPBD
IPBC
IPBB
IPBA
Piccolo Piccolo
A HS + LS
CPU 1A CPU
PWM1 B DRV PWM1
L8 1B
32-Bit 32-Bit
DRV 2A C HS + LS
DSP Core
40/60 MHz PWM2 2B DRV PWM2 DSP Core
40/60 MHz
D
Sync
PWM3
PWM4 E HS + LS PWM4
I/O ADC
VRECT F DRV
VBOOST
IPFC VOUT ADC
12-Bit
IPHA VBUS
4.6 MSPS
Comms IOS 12 -Bit Comms
IPHB 4.6 MSPS
I2C VREF IPHC I2C
SPI IPHD VREF SPI CAN
UART UART

The charging of the HEV/EV via the main the long-term aging behavior of the charging voltage. An optional power
grid demands a flexible setup to meet battery pack. line communication (PLC) to commu-
the various voltage levels in single-phase nicate with the charging infrastructure
(120-V, 230-V) and three-phase 380-V The AC/DC charging system shown offers can be implemented as well. This setup
systems with different current levels (16 a power factor control (PFC) function demands a high number of PWM and
A to 63 A). The charging time is certainly along with HV power conversion to ADC channels, along with powerful CPU
an important feature for the car’s end directly generate the battery’s DC performance.
customer, but has to be balanced with

➔ AC/DC Developer’s Kit with TMS320F280x

• Complete, low-power rectifier development platform for prototyping
communications systems
• AC/DC EVM with interleaved power factor correction (PFC) and phase-shifted
full bridge
• Primary side control, synchronous rectification, peak current-mode control,
two-phase PFC with current balancing
• Contains an 80-W (max) system that uses a two-phase interleaved PFC front end .
and a phase-shifted full-bridge rectifier stage
• Includes F2808 controlCARD™ controller subsystem
• Available for $695
• Order part number: TMDSACDCKIT

System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Texas Instruments 2Q 2010
Battery Management, Power Conversion (DC/DC) and Charging (AC/DC) 15

Start/Stop Function (Micro Hybrid) AC/DC Applications ➔

Why Piccolo™ MCUs?

The Piccolo F2802x/F2803x family of
C2000™ MCUs provides a low-cost,
high-integration solution to help drive
processor-intensive real-time control into
cost-sensitive applications. With a host
of industry-leading integrated modules,
Benefit
Improved system efficiency/accuracy
Added functions/features
Better R&D efficiency
Increased reliability
such as a powerful ADC, dedicated line communication, several additional
high-resolution PWMs and the unique family members of the C2000 family
control law accelerator (CLA), Piccolo are available, offering floating-point
MCUs are ideal for power conversion performance up to 300 MHz and
in electric vehicles. For more complex high-performance peripherals like
systems, like those with integrated power a 12.5-MSPS 12-bit ADC. For more
information, visit www.ti.com/c2000.
Enabling Feature
• High-performance C28xTM DSP core supports adaptive control algorithms for efficiency across load curve
• High-resolution 150-ps PWM modules and high-speed on-chip ADC
• Communication with outside systems: CAN, LIN, I2C, UART, SPI
• Multiple PWMs allow multiple DC output rails
• Software control adaptable to multiple topologies and power ratings
• Digital control can adapt to environmental conditions and be recalibrated in software
• Software can implement failure prediction

Piccolo MCUs
F2802x vs. F2803x
TMS320F2803x includes the same C28x™ DSP core, enhanced high-resolution PWM technology and high-speed ADC,
but combines more features and additional memory. Get samples, datasheets, EVMs and app reports at: www.ti.com/piccolo.
Ch 1
VREF Lo + ADC C28 Core C28 ADC Ch 2
VREF Hi – 32 bit - 60 MHz PWM1 AB PWM - 1A 32-Bit Core 12-Bit
Key Features • Added communication - PWM - 1B 60 MHz 4-6 MSPS
VREF Ch 16
A0 Flash 128 KB PWM2 AB PWM - 2A
PWM - 2B
A1
RAM 14 KB
• Up to 128-KB flash, 20-KB RAM ports – CAN 2.0B with A2
A3
A4
12-bit
4.6 MSPS
RAM 6 KB
PWM3 AB PWM - 3A
PWM - 3B
CLA
60-MHz F1tPt
Accelerator
A5 (Dual Access)
PWM4 AB PWM - 4A

• All new CLA: independent, floating- up to 16 mailboxes, LIN/ A6

A7
Dual S/H
Auto Seq PWM5 AB
PWM - 4B
PWM - 2A
PWM - 2B PWM1
1A
1B
B0 CLA Core
point processing unit with direct access . UART and additional SPI B1
B2
B3
60-MHz F1tPt
(Accelerator)
PWM6 AB PWM - 3A
PWM - 3B
PWM2
2A
2B
PWM7 AB PWM - 4A
to ADC and PWMs enables parallel
B4
• Packages: 64-pin TQFP, B5
B6
B7
Temp
Sensor
6
TripZone
PWM - 4B
TZ1
PWM3
3A
3B
Logic TZ2
control loop execution 80-pin LQFP DAC
10 bit
+ CMP1 - OUT
–
TZ3
CMP1 - OUT
CMP2 - OUT
Piccolo

• Additional three ePWM modules DAC

10 bit
+
–
CMP2 - OUT
CAP
4
CMP3 - OUT
ECAP

(six PWM outputs) DAC

10 bit
–
CMP3 - OUT QEP

Comms
QEP

• Quadrature encoder interface (eQEP) Analog

Comparators
Timers - 32-bit
UART x2
4
6
4 SPI x2
• Three on-chip comparators PWR
GND
5
VREG
Int-OSC-1 WD
Timers - 0
Timers - 1 I2C
2

Int-OSC-2 Timers - 2 2
CAN
X1 PLL
X2 Ext-OSC-2
System GPIO
POR/BOR Control

Piccolo MCU family overview

12-Bit ADC External
Channels/ Memory Core On-Chip
Speed RAM Flash ROM PWM HiRes Quadrature Event Conversion UART/ Bus Supply GPIO Oscillator/
Device (MHz) DMA CLA (KB) (KB) (KB) Channels PWM Encoder Captures Timers* Time (ns) McBSP I2C SCI SPI Lin CAN (Bit) (Volts) Pins Regulator Package  
Piccolo™ MCUs
TMS320F28022DAQ 50 — — 12 32 Boot 9 4 — 1 9 7/ 325  — 1 1 1 — — — 3.3 20 Yes / Yes 38TSSOP
TMS320F28022PTQ 50 — — 12 32 Boot 9 4 — 1 9 13/ 325 — 1  1  1 — — — 3.3 22 Yes / Yes 48LQFP
TMS320F28023DAQ 50 — — 12 64 Boot 9 4 — 1 9 7/ 325 — 1  1  1 — — — 3.3 20 Yes / Yes 38TSSOP
TMS320F28023PTQ 50 — — 12 64 Boot 9 4 — 1 9 13/ 325 — 1  1  1 — — — 3.3 22 Yes / Yes 48LQFP
TMS320F28026DAQ 60 — — 12 32 Boot 9 4 — 1 9 7/ 217  — 1 1 1 — — — 3.3 20 Yes / Yes 38TSSOP
TMS320F28026PTQ 60 — — 12 32 Boot 9 4 — 1 9 13/ 217  — 1  1  1 — — — 3.3 22 Yes / Yes 48LQFP
TMS320F28027DAQ 60 — — 12 64 Boot 9 4 — 1 9 7/ 217  — 1  1  1 — — — 3.3 20 Yes / Yes 38TSSOP
TMS320F28027PTQ 60 — — 12 64 Boot 9 4 — 1 9 13/ 217  — 1  1  1 — — — 3.3 22 Yes / Yes 48LQFP
TMS320F28030PAGQ 60 — — 12 32 Boot 13 — 1 1 11 14/ 500  — 1 1 1 1 1 — 3.3 33 Yes / Yes 64TQFP
TMS320F28030PNQ 60 — — 12 32 Boot 15 — 1 1 12 16/ 500  — 1  1  2 1 1 — 3.3 45 Yes / Yes 80LQFP
TMS320F28031PAGQ 60 — — 16 64 Boot 13 — 1 1 11 14/ 500  — 1  1  1 1 1 — 3.3 33 Yes / Yes 64TQFP
TMS320F28031PNQ 60 — — 16 64 Boot 15 — 1 1 12 16/ 500  — 1  1  2 1 1 — 3.3 45 Yes / Yes 80LQFP
TMS320F28032PAGQ 60 — — 20 64 Boot 13 6 1 1 11 14/ 217  — 1 1 1 1 1 — 3.3 33 Yes / Yes 64TQFP
TMS320F28032PNQ 60 — — 20 64 Boot 15 7 1 1 12 16/ 217  — 1  1  2 1 1 — 3.3 45 Yes / Yes 80LQFP
TMS320F28034PAGQ 60 — — 20 128 Boot 13 6 1 1 11 14/ 217  — 1  1  1 1 1 — 3.3 33 Yes / Yes 64TQFP
TMS320F28034PNQ 60 — — 20 128 Boot 15 7 1 1 12 16/ 217  — 1  1  2 1 1 — 3.3 45 Yes / Yes 80LQFP
TMS320F28033PAGQ 60 — Yes 20 64 Boot 13 6 1 1 11 14/ 217  — 1 1 1 1 1 — 3.3 33 Yes / Yes 64TQFP
TMS320F28033PNQ 60 — Yes 20 64 Boot 15 7 1 1 12 16/ 217  — 1  1  2 1 1 — 3.3 45 Yes / Yes 80LQFP
TMS320F28035PAGQ 60 — Yes 20 128 Boot 13 6 1 1 11 14/ 217  — 1  1  1 1 1 — 3.3 33 Yes / Yes 64TQFP
TMS320F28035PNQ 60 — Yes 20 128 Boot 15 7 1 1 12 16/ 217  — 1  1  2 1 1 — 3.3 45 Yes / Yes 80LQFP

Texas Instruments 2Q 2010 System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
16 Battery Management, Power Conversion (DC/DC) and Charging (AC/DC)
➔ Two-Phase Interleaved Constant Current Mode (CCM)
Power Factor Correction (PFC) Controller
UCC28070
Get samples, datasheets, EVMs and app reports at: www.ti.com/sc/device/UCC28070

Key Features
• Interleaved average current-mode PWM
control with inherent current matching
• Advanced current synthesizer current
sensing for superior efficiency
• Highly linear multiplier output with internal
quantized voltage feed-forward correction while maintaining a stable, low-distortion sinusoidal input line current.
for near-unity PF
• Programmable frequency
(10 kHz to 300 kHz)
• Programmable maximum duty-cycle clamp
• Programmable frequency dithering rate and
magnitude for enhanced EMI reduction
• Magnitude: 3 kHz to 30 kHz
• Rate: up to 30 kHz
• External clock synchronization capability
• Enhanced load and line transient response
through voltage amplifier output slew-rate L1
correction
• Programmable peak-current limiting
• Bias-supply UVLO, overvoltage protection,
The UCC28070 is an advanced PFC device that integrates two pulse-width modula-
tors (PWMs) operating 180 degrees out of phase. This interleaved PWM operation
generates substantial reduction in the input and output ripple currents, and the
conducted EMI filtering becomes easier and less expensive. A significantly improved
multiplier design provides a shared current reference to two independent current
amplifiers, ensuring matched average current-mode control in both PWM outputs
The UCC28070 contains multiple innovations, including current synthesis and quantized
voltage feed-forward to promote performance enhancements in PF, efficiency, THD and
transient response. Features including frequency dithering, clock synchronization and
slew-rate enhancement further expand the potential performance.
The UCC28070 also contains a variety of protection features, including output
overvoltage detection, programmable peak-current limit, undervoltage lockout and
open-loop protection.
D1 VOUT
COUT
12 V to 21 V
+

open-loop detection and PFC-enable CCDR

UCC28070 RDMX To CSB
1 CDR DMAX 20
monitoring –
RRDM
2 RDM RT 19
RRT RS T1
RA
• External PFC-disable interface 3 VAO SS 18
CSS M1
• Open-circuit protection on VSENSE and 4 VSENSE GDB 17

VINAC pins RIMO

5 VINAC GND 16

• Programmable soft start RB RSYN

6 IMO VCC 15
7 RSYNTH GDA 14
• 20-lead TSSOP/SOIC package L2
8 CSB VREF 13 D2
9 CSA CAOA 12
To CSA
10 PKLMT CAOB 11
RS T2 RA
CZV
RPK1 CZC CZC
CREF
CPV
CPC CPC
RZV RPK2 M2
RZC RZC RB
From Ixfirms

System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Texas Instruments 2Q 2010
 Motor Control 17

Introduction to DC/AC for Inverter Motor Control ➔

Legend
Processor
Interface High-Voltage
Power Battery
ADC
Amplifier

Isolation Gate
Driver Current Sense

Core Supply

I/O Supply

MCU Digital
(TMS570 or Isolator
C2000)
Supervisor ADC

Rotor Position
CAN CAN ADC

Temp Isolated
Sensor ADC
DC/DC Reference
Converter

The inverter will drive the electric motor in-wheel motors to individually drive each signals and sensing inputs have to be
for fully electric operation in full hybrids wheel of the car. The used microcon- controlled, still embedded in the over-
and EVs, but also for torque assist in troller has to meet strict safety require- all safety concept. Like with any other
a mild hybrid car concept. This can be ments, as not only the driving but also element in the HEV/EV space, isolation
done with a single motor positioned to recuperative braking are controlled via is specifically important in the inverter
drive one axis, but also by using this unit. In addition, the PWM’s output module.

Texas Instruments 2Q 2010 System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
18 Motor Control
➔
The Safe TI Microcontroller
TMS570 Preview
Key Features The TMS570 microcontroller family enables customers to easily build safety-
• ARM Cortex-R4F CPU related automotive applications, with up to 160 MHz of floating-point performance
• Up to 160 MHz with floating-point and an integrated safety concept. A wide choice of communication peripherals like
support CAN, FlexRay and LIN, in combination with a powerful timer coprocessor module
• Dual CPUs in lockstep (HET), makes the family a flexible solution for safety-critical control applications.
The TMS570 family is specifically designed to meet IEC61508 SIL3 for safety-
Memory
critical applications like HEV/EV. A SIL3 certificate and the required documentation
• Flash: 2 MB with ECC protection
are available. A dual CPU lockstep architecture simplifies development while
• RAM: 160 KB with ECC protection
eliminating redundant system requirements to reduce cost. CPU hardware built-
• Roadmap from 768 KB to 4 MB flash
in self test (BIST) detects latent defects without complex safety drivers or code
Peripheral Highlights size overhead. Hardware comparison of CPU outputs provides exceptional safety
• FlexRay with 8-KB message RAM response time without additional software overhead. An enhanced ECC logic is
• Three CAN interfaces integrated in the CPU to protect both memories and buses. All memories can
• Three multibuffered SPIs (MibSPI) be tested using hardware BIST for high diagnostic coverage, while an integrated
• Two UARTs – both with LIN 2.1 memory protection unit (MPU) protects against deterministic errors in application
• Two 12-bit buffered ADCs (MibADC) software.
• Flexible timer module with up to
32 channels
• Trace and calibration interfaces
• Packages: 144 QFP, 337 nFBGA
(16 x 16mm)

www.ti.com/tms570

TMS570 Evaluation Kit – Available 2Q10 ($695)

Software: Third-party support:
• Code Composer Studio™ v4.1 IDE • Variety of real-time OSs
• Peripheral drivers with GUI interface and AutoSAR RTE/MCAL
• Flash programming integrated into Code drivers available
• Composer Studio IDE
• HET GUI/simulator/assembler with
SynaptiCAD WaveViewer
• Demo project/code examples
Hardware:
• Separate CPU card and I/O card
(transceivers/sensor I/F)
• XDS100 emulator on board
• Connectors for trace and calibration
interfaces

System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Texas Instruments 2Q 2010
 The Analog Foundation 19

➔
Analog Overview
Device Description AEC-Q100 status
Automotive signal chain
INA19xA-Q1 -16-V to 80-V common-mode-range current shunt monitors Qualified
INA213A-Q1 Voltage output, bidirectional zero-drift series current shunt monitor Qualified
INA333 Micro-power, zero-drift, rail-to-rail out instrumentation amplifier Preview
OPA365 2.2-V, 50-MHz, low-noise, single-supply rail-to-rail operational amplifiers Preview
TLV3502-Q1 4.5-ns rail-to-rail high-speed comparator Qualified
LM2902/4-Q1 Operational amplifier Qualified
LM2901/3-Q1 Differential comparator Qualified
TL4050yxx-Q1 Precision micropower shunt voltage reference Qualified
TMP12x 1.5°C accurate programmable temperature sensor with SPI interface Preview
TPS380xx-Q1 Supply voltage supervisors Qualified
Automotive power management – DC/DC converter, LDO
TPS54x0-Q1 1-A/2-A/3-A/5-A wide-input-range step-down SWIFT™ converter Qualified
TPS54362-Q1 Low Iq 3-A step-down converter Qualified
TPS54160-Q1 3.5-V to 60-V, 1.5-A step-down SWIFT™ converter with Eco-Mode Qualified
TPS40090-Q1 2-, 3-, or 4-phase programmable synchronous buck controller that is optimized for low-voltage, high-current application Qualified
TLE4275-Q1 5-V low-dropout voltage regulator Qualified
Automotive power management – PWM controller
UCC2895-Q1 BiCMOS advanced phase-shift PWM controller Qualified
UC2856-Q1 Improved current-mode PWM controller Qualified
UC2825A-Q1 High-speed PWM controller Qualified
UC2843-Q1 Current-mode PWM controller Qualified
UCC2813-Q1 Low-power BICMOS current-mode PWM Qualified
TPS40210-Q1 Wide-input-range current-mode boost controller Qualified
UCC280x-Q1 Automotive catalog low-power BiCMOS current-mode PWM Qualified
UCC28220-Q1 Dual interleaved PWM controller with programmable max duty cycle Qualified
UCC2808A-2-Q1 Low-power current-mode push-pull PWM Qualified
Automotive gate driver
TPS2811/2/3 Dual high-speed MOSFET drivers Preview
TPS2829-Q1 High-speed MOSFET driver Qualified
TPS2816/7/8/9 High-speed MOSFET driver with active pullup and internal regulator Preview
UCC27200/1-Q1 120-V boot, 3-A peak, high-frequency, high-side/low-side driver Qualified
UCC27323/5-Q1 Dual 4-A peak high-speed low-side power MOSFET drivers Qualified
UCC27423/4/5-Q1 Dual 4-A high-speed low-side MOSFET drivers with enable Qualified
UCC27321/2/4-Q1 Single 9-A peak high-speed low-side power MOSFET drivers Qualified
Automotive digital isolators
ISO721-Q1 Single 100-Mbps digital isolator Qualified
ISO7221C-Q1 Dual-channel, 25-Mbps digital isolator Qualified
ISO72401/1-Q1 Quad-channel, 25-Mbps digital isolator Preview
Automotive CAN interface
SN65HVDA1050A-Q1 EMC-optimized high-speed CAN transceiver Qualified
SN65HVDA1040A-Q1 EMC-optimized high-speed CAN transceiver Qualified
SN65HVDA540-Q1 CAN transceiver 5-V to 3.3-V MCU interface Preview
SN65HVDA541-Q1 CAN transceiver 5-V to 3.3-V MCU interface, wake-up Preview
ISO1050 Isolated CAN transceiver Preview

Texas Instruments offers a wide range of devices specifically fitted for the use in the HEV/EV space.
Please check www.ti.com for the latest device announcements.

Texas Instruments 2Q 2010 System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
20 The Analog Foundation
➔
Isolated CAN Transceiver
ISO1050
Preview
Get samples, datasheets, EVMs and app reports at: www.ti.com/sc/device/ISO1050

Key Features The ISO1050 is a galvanically isolated CAN transceiver that meets or exceeds the
• 4,000-VPEAK isolation specifications of the ISO 11898 standard. The device has logic input and output
• Failsafe outputs buffers separated by a silicon oxide (SiO2) insulation barrier that provides galvanic
• Low loop delay: 150-ns (typical) isolation of up to 4,000 VPEAK. Used in conjunction with isolated power supplies,
• 50-kV/µs (typical) transient immunity the device prevents noise currents on a data bus or other circuits from entering the
meets or exceeds ISO 11898 local ground and interfering with or damaging sensitive circuitry.
requirements
• Bus-fault protection of -27 V to 40 V As a CAN transceiver, the device provides differential transmit capability to the
• Dominant timeout function bus and differential receive capability to a CAN controller at signaling rates up
• UL 1577, IEC 60747-5-2 (VDE 0884, to 1 Mbps. Designed for operation in especially harsh environments, the device
Rev. 2), IEC 61010-1, IEC 60950-1 and features crosswire, overvoltage and loss of ground protection from -27 V to 40 V
CSA approval pending and over-temperature shutdown, as well as a -12-V to 12-V common-mode range.
• 3.3-V inputs are 5-V tolerant
• Typical 25-year life at rated working
voltage Functional diagram DUB package

VCC1 1 VCC2
Galvanic Isolation

RXD 8
RXD 2 7 CANH
TXD
CANH TXD 3 6 CANL
CANL
GND1 4 8 GND2

ISO72x – Isolation

The problem
• No endurance – existing isolation devices
have a life expectancy of only seven
to ten years.
• No high speed or precision – existing
isolation devices – low speed, high skew,
high jitter and high pulse distortion.
• No high temp – existing isolation devices
cannot operate at 150 Mbps at 125°C.
Only a few can operate at >100°C
at any speed.
• Low EMI immunity – existing high-speed
OUT

isolators are susceptible to EMI

interference.
The solution
• The TI integrated SiO2 isolation barrier
technology provides the fastest,
highest precision, highest temp, high
EMI immunity and longest life solution.

System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Texas Instruments 2Q 2010
 The Analog Foundation 21

Dual-Channel, 1/1, 25-Mbps Digital Isolator

ISO7221Cxx
Get samples, datasheets, EVMs and app reports at: www.ti.com/sc/device/ISO7221Cxx

Key Features The ISO7220 and ISO7221 are dual-channel digital isolators. To facilitate PCB
• Qualified for automotive applications layout, the channels are oriented in the same direction in the ISO7220 and in
• 1-Mbps and 25-Mbps signaling rate options opposite directions in the ISO7221. These devices have a logic input and output
• Low channel-to-channel output skew buffer separated by TI’s silicon-dioxide (SiO2) isolation barrier, providing galvanic
1 ns (max) isolation of up to 4,000 V. Used in conjunction with isolated power supplies,
• Low pulse-width distortion (PWD) these devices block high voltage, isolate grounds, and prevent noise currents on
1 ns (max) a data bus or other circuits from entering the local ground and interfering with or
• Low jitter content: 1 ns (typical) at damaging sensitive circuitry.
150 Mbps
A binary input signal is conditioned, translated to a balanced signal, then
• 25-year (typical) life at rated voltage
differentiated by the capacitive isolation barrier. Across the isolation barrier, a
(see application report SLLA197 and
differential comparator receives the logic transition information, then sets or resets
Figure 14)
a flip-flop and the output circuit accordingly. A periodic update pulse is sent across
• 4,000-VPEAK isolation, 560-VPEAK VIORM
the barrier to ensure the proper DC level of the output. If this DC refresh pulse
• UL 1577, IEC 60747-5-2 (VDE 0884,
is not received every 4 µs, the input is assumed to be unpowered or not being
Rev 2), IEC 61010-1, IEC 60950-1 and
actively driven, and the failsafe circuit drives the output to a logic high state.
CSA approved
• 50-kV/µs typical transient immunity The small capacitance and resulting time constant provide fast operation, with
• Operates with 3.3-V or 5-V supplies signaling rates available from 0 Mbps (DC) to 25 Mbps. The signaling rate of a line
• 4-kV ESD protection is the number of voltage transitions that are made per second expressed in the
• High electromagnetic immunity unit’s BPS (bits per second). The A-option and C-option devices have TTL input
• -40°C to 125°C operating free-air thresholds and a noise filter at the input that prevents transient pulses from being
temperature range passed to the output of the device.
ISO7220 ISO7221
These devices require two Vsupply
CC1 1 voltages
8 VCC2 of 3.3 V,V5
CC1V1 or any 8combination.
VCC2 All

Isolation
Isolation

inputs are 5-V tolerant when

INAsupplied
2
from a 3.3-V OUTA
7 OUTA
supply
2
and 7allINAoutputs are
INB 3 6 OUTB INB 3 6 OUTB
4-mA CMOS. GND1 4 8 GND2 GND1 4 8 GND2

Single-Channel Functional Diagram

Galvanic Isolation
Barrier
DC Channel
FIlter
ISO7220 ISO7221 OSC VREF
+ Pulse Width
VCC1 1 8 VCC2 VCC1 1 8 VCC2 PWM Demodulation
Isolation
Isolation

INA 2 7 OUTA OUTA 2 7 INA

INB 3 6 OUTB INB 3 6 OUTB
GND1 4 8 GND2 GND1 4 8 GND2 Input
Data MUX
VREF AC Detect
IN + OUT
Filter
Single-Channel Functional Diagram Output Buffer

Galvanic Isolation
Barrier
DC Channel
Digital Isolator Selection Guide FIlter
OSC No. of VREF
Channel Insulation Rating Supply Voltage Data Rate ESD Operating Temp Range Auto
+
Device Channels Configuration (VRMS) Pulse
(V) Width (Mbps) (kV) (°C) Package Qual (Q1)
PWM Demodulation
ISO721-Q1 1 1/0 2500 3.3, 5.0 100 4 -40 to 125 8/SO Y
ISO722x-Q1 2 2/0, 1/1 2500 3.3, 5.0 1, 5, 25 4 -40 to 125 8/SO Y
ISO724x-Q1 4 4/0, 3/1, 2/2 2500 3.3, 5.0 1, 25 4 -40 to 125 16/SO Y
Data MUX
Input VREF AC Detect
IN + OUT
Filter Output Buffer
Texas Instruments 2Q 2010 System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
22 The Analog Foundation
➔
ISO55xx – Isolated Gate Driver Family (ISO5520/21 Shown)
Preview
Functional Diagram
Standard Safety DESAT protection, FAULT indicator, UVLO
Part No:
VCC1 1 16 VDDA ISO55xx
Features
Encoder

VIA Decoder High Performance -40 to 125°C, tP, LH(max) = 150 ns, PWD(max) = 25 ns
2 15 VOA
VIB 3 14 GNDA Ease of Use Drop in for HCPL 316J
Features ISO5500
GND1 4 High Side
Reinforced insulation of 6 KV, high EM immunity,
Robust
MODE0 5 Low Side high lifetime
11 VDDB
MODE1 6
Encoder

Decoder

DT 7 10 VOB Separate Soft Blanking

Nch, Pch Turn Off Time
GND1 8 9 GNDB OUT Option Adjust

Isolation
Barrier ISO5501
ISO5510 ISO5511 ISO5512 ISO5513
(UVLO = 14 V) (UVLO = 9 V) (ULO = 14 V) (UVLO = 9 V)

ISO5520/5521 • Programmable dead time control ISO5521

• 15-KV/µs minimum transient immunity • Undervoltage lockout protection • VO: 10-30 V, 35 V (max)
• Configurable half-bridge/dual drivers • tpHL: 80-ns typical, Tr/Tf: 50-ns
• Cross-conduction protection ISO5520 typical
• VO: 15-30 V, 35 V (max) • IO: 2.5 A (peak)

Isolated ADC (1-Bit, 10-MHz, Second-Order, Isolated Delta-Sigma Modulator)
AMC1203
Preview
Get samples, datasheets, EVMs and app reports at: www.ti.com/sc/device/AMC1203
Key Features The AMC1203 is a 1-bit, 10-MHz, isolated delta-sigma modulator with an output
• 16-bit resolution buffer separated from the input interface circuitry by a silicon dioxide (SiO2)
• SNR: 80.5-dB min isolation barrier. This barrier provides galvanic isolation of up to 4,000 VPEAK.
• THD: -88 dB max (AMC1203B) Used in conjunction with isolated power supplies, these devices prevent noise
• ±280-mV input range with +5-V supply currents on a data bus or other circuits from entering the local ground and
• Internal 2.5-V reference voltage: 1% interfering with or damaging sensitive circuitry.
accuracy
• Gain error: ±1% (AMC1203B) The AMC1203 modulator operates from a +5-V supply with a dynamic range of
• UL1577, IEC60747-5-2 (VDE0884, 95 dB. The differential inputs are ideal for direct connection to shunt resistors or
Rev. 2) and IEC61010-1 approved other low-level signal sources. With the appropriate digital filter and modulator
• Isolation: 4,000 VPEAK rate, the device can be used to achieve 16-bit analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion
• Working voltage: 560 V with no missing codes. An effective resolution of 14 bits and an SNR of 85 dB
• Transient immunity: 15 kV/µs (typical) can be maintained with a sinc3 filter that has a decimation ratio of 256.

The modulator output is translated to a balanced signal and then transferred

by the capacitive isolation barrier. Across the isolation barrier, a differential
comparator receives the logic transition information, and then sets or resets a
flip-flop and the output circuit accordingly.
Isolation Barrier

VIN+
2nd Order VREF Output
ΑΣ Modulator Buffer MDAT
VIN-
Interface Circuit

POR BIAS POR

Buffer

20-MHz VREF Output

2.5V RC MCLK
Buffer
VREF Oscillator

System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Texas Instruments 2Q 2010
 Charging Infrastructure 23

Charging Infrastructure – Connecting the Car to the Smart Power Grid

➔

NL
BR1
PWM System
AC/DC Power

Metrology 10,980.4

ISENSE Embedded MSP430TM

Signal E-Meter SoC
VSENSE
Processor MCU, RTC, LCD

Application Processor Home Area Network (HAN)

Wireless Communication Antenna
Application Processor
CC25xx
Stellaris® Cortex MS/ RF Front
802.15.4 SoC
MSP430 End
Radio, MCU

Wide Area Network

Power Line Communication Modem (PLC) Wireless Communication
(858-/900-MHz ISM)
TX PWM TMS320F28xx
Flexible, 32-Bit CC11xx/CC430 Antenna
RX ADC PLC Controller ISM-Band SoC
Matching
Radio, MCU Circuit

Interface Options
Legend
Wired Enfora Pre-Payment
Interface GSM/GPRS RFID Processor
(RS485) Module (Wireless) Interface
Power
Amplifier

The charging infrastructure connects
the car to the smart power grid.
The cost for the individual charging
spot has to be balanced with the
additional expansion capabilities on
the communication side. The obvious
choice for communication is a wired
system via the charging cable, where
power line communication is a widely
used method. In that area several
activities for standardization are
ongoing at the utilities side.
Texas Instruments is actively involved
in this area and offers and develops
solutions for SFSK and narrowband
OFDM systems for the CENELEC A
and B band, with OFDM standards like
PRIME/G3. We are also investigating
HomePlug GreenPhy.
The TMS320F28x microcontroller
family is a flexible platform meeting
these standards, with reference
designs available.
Other options like RF communication
using ZigBee® or ISM band
solutions are available. For customer
identification and prepayment options
at the charging spot, RFID systems
are available. The metering function
for single-phase up to complex
three-phase solutions can be realized
with single-chip solutions out of the
MSP430™ MCU family. For more
information, see www.ti.com/metering.

Texas Instruments 2Q 2010 System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
24 Charging Infrastructure
➔ PLC Kit Using the TMS320F28335

TMS320F28x
Coupling
Line Driver
HV Cap Transformer –
PWM
+ Out Flexible
PLC SW
Engine
–
Surge 12-bit
+ ADC
Protector

Receive Filter
Power Line

The PLC kit for the TMS320F28x offers — Field and lab tested for
a complete evaluation system: robustness in harsh operating
• PRIME/narrowband OFDM PHY environments
(IEC/SFSK PLC band A/B available) • Software comes within the TI
• Digital baseband algorithms plcSUITE with API and
implemented in TI F28x documentation supporting PRIME
microcontroller are fully automotive- PHY/MAC and convergence layer
qualified and support on-chip CAN • To order the reference design PLC
— Analog filters, line driver and kit, send an e-mail to
variable gain amp implemented metering@ti.com
on daughtercard
— Flexible, low-cost solution to
support standard evolutions

➔ ZigBee® RF Using the CC2530 System-on-Chip

TI’s new CC2530 is a true system-on-
chip solution tailored for IEEE 802.15.4,
ZigBee, ZigBee RF4CE and smart
energy applications. With its large flash
memory of up to 256 KB, the CC2530
is ideal for ZigBee Pro applications.
The 64-KB and up versions support
the new RemoTI™ network protocol
stack for ZigBee RF4CE, which is
the industry’s first ZigBee RF4CE-
compliant protocol stack. Larger
memory sizes allow for on-chip, over-
the-air-download to support in-system
reprogramming.
Additionally, the CC2530 combines a
fully integrated, high-performance RF
transceiver with an 8051 MCU, 8-KB
of RAM, 32-/64-/128-/256-KB of flash
memory and other powerful supporting
features and peripherals. For more
information, see www.ti.com/zigbee.

System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Texas Instruments 2Q 2010
 E-Bike, Scooter and Small Task-Oriented Vehicles (STOVs) 25

E-Bike, Scooter and Small Task-Oriented Vehicles

Optional
Speedometer
Backlight LCD Battery Status

Clock Horn
Relay
Brake Light / Headlight
GPIO Drivers Directionals

Temperature
Brake Sensor
SDRAM
Shunt Signal Conditioning and
Comparators
Controller Optional
Isolation
Throttle
Gate
Drivers
Pedal Rotation
System Core and I/O Sensor
Power Power Control
Motor Power
(from Battery)
Optional
Plug
AC/DC Converter Fuel Battery
Battery
with Green Mode Gauge Protection
Charger
Controller
AC Line Temperature Sensor Battery Management

Electric transportation is not only relevant
for cars, but already used in many
millions of simple task-oriented vehicles
around the world. The systems are more
basic compared to those on the hybrid
and electric car side, but consist of the
same functional blocks.
For motor control, the Piccolo™ MCU voltages with less cells, so integrated
family is a good choice, offering the solutions like the bq77PL900 managing
combination of a powerful CPU engine and protecting as many as 10 cells are a
with the required PWM and ADC good fit.
capabilities for the control loop at an
economical price point. The battery
systems are typically operating at lower

Texas Instruments 2Q 2010 System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
26 E-Bike, Scooter and Small Task-Oriented Vehicles (STOVs)
➔
Integrated Gas Gauge, Protection and Active Cell Balancing
bq78PL114
Get samples, datasheets, EVMs and app reports at: www.ti.com/sc/device/bq78PL114
RPRE
+ PACK+
Key Features
• Three- to 12-series cell systems Level Shift Circuits
• PowerPump™ technology cell balancing

Cell-Balancing

DSG

CHG

PRE
bq76PL102
Circuits
for longer run time and cell life SD11
SD02
• Supports discharge current levels of SDO0
VLD01
10 A, 35 A and 110 A SO13

Cell-Balancing

bq76PL102
Circuits
• Gauges 65-650 Ahr capacity batteries P-LAN
RSTN
• High resolution 18-bit integrating delta-
SPROT
sigma Coulomb counter for precise V4
6
charge-flow measurements and gas bq78PL114 GPIO

Cell-Balancing
V3 EFCID Aux FET
gauging

Circuits
VLDO2 EFCID Control

ESD Protection
• Multiple independent delta-sigma A/Ds: V2 SPI-CLK
SPI-DO SPI
one-per-cell voltage, plus separate SPI-DI
V1 SELECT
temperature, current and safety SMBCLK
SMBus
• Fully programmable voltage, current, XT SMBDAT
Temperature

CCPACK
balance and temperature protection

CSPACK
CRA

CBBAT
CCBAT
Sensor (typ.)

VSS
TAB
• Remaining capacity indicators: LCD,
LED, EPD

– PACK–
RSENSE

Standalone and Host-Controlled Battery Protection

bq77PL900
Get samples, datasheets, EVMs and app reports at: www.ti.com/sc/device/bq77PL900

Key Features • Host control mode

• Five-, six-, seven-, eight-, nine- or —I2C interface to host Fuse
10-series cell primary protection controller
Pack + Charge bq77PL900 Discharge
• PMOS FET drive for charge and —Analog interface for
discharge FETs host cell measure- PCH FET Drive
• Capable of operation with 1-mΩ ment and system
sense resistor charge/discharge LDO, Thermal Output Drive
• Supply voltage range from 7 V to 50 V current
• Low supply current of 450 µA typical —Host-controlled Overvoltage/
• Integrated 5-V, 25-mA LDO Undervoltage Protection
protection recovery
• Standalone mode —Host-controlled cell Cell-Balance Drive
—Pack protection control and recovery balancing
—Individual cell monitoring
Serial Interface RAM Registers
—Integrated cell balancing
—Programmable threshold and delay Overload Protection
time for:
—Overvoltage Short-Circuit Protection
—Undervoltage Pack –
—Overcurrent in discharge
—Short circuit in discharge Sense Resistor
—Fixed overtemperature protection

System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Texas Instruments 2Q 2010
 E-Bike, Scooter and Small Task-Oriented Vehicles (STOVs) 27

Digital Motor Control for E-Bikes, Scooters and STOVs

➔

The C2000™ DSP platform of real-
time controllers has been the industry
leader in digital motor control since
the inception of the TMS320F24x
generation in 1996. In 2002 we
debuted the F281x series, based on
the C28x™ DSP engine, becoming
the first 32-bit architecture specifically
built for high-performance, math-
intensive power electronics control.
Based on the C28x DSP, we have
created a family of code-compatible
devices to meet application needs
across performance, price, pin-out and
peripherals. To find out more, visit:
www.ti.com/c2000dmc.

High-Voltage PFC and Motor Control Developer’s Kit

➔

• Piccolo™ MCU-based power factor • Open-source software for power

correction (PFC) and motor factor correction stage
control integrated into one • Open-source software for control of
development platform all three motor types
• Support for three brushless motor • Open-source hardware, including
types, AC induction, permanent schematics, BOM and gerber files
magnet • Motors of each type available
• Synchronous motor, brushless separately directly from TI
DC motor • Available for $599
• 1-kW motor driver stage • Order part number:
accepting up to 400 V TMDSHVMTRPFCKIT
• 700-W PFC stage (line-level AC
input ~110 to ~240 VAC)

controlSuite™ Software
➔

controlSuite™ for C2000™ One stop for all C2000 software: • Allows developers to focus on
microcontrollers is a cohesive set • Single, centralized location differentiation, not basics
of infrastructure and software tools • Intelligent installer eliminates the
designed to minimize software search for dependencies Program the MCU your way:
development time. From device-specific • Significantly reduce development
drivers and support software to complete Open, real-world systems: time with hardware abstraction
system examples in sophisticated • Compilation of 15 years of systems and extensive libraries
system applications, controlSuite and applications expertise • Four interusable levels of hardware
software provides libraries and examples • Unique, optimized libraries for abstraction
at every stage of development and math, filtering, DSP and specific
evaluation. controlSuite software applications, with complete system
contains a full digital motor control library examples utilizing incremental builds
as well as motor control kits. To find out
more, visit: www.ti.com/controlsuite.
controlSuite Support for Motor Control
Motor Technique Type Feedback
Library
Device Support Device Support Device Support FOC Speed and Torque Tachometer
Repository ACI
FOC Speed and Torque Sensorless
Hardware Trapezoidal Speed Half Effect
Bit Fields Math Library IDE
Package Trapezoidal Speed Sensorless
BLDC
Sinusoidal Speed Half Effect
API Drivers DSP Library Software RTOS Sinusoidal Speed Sensorless
Examples FOC Speed and Torque Encoder
PMSM FOC Position Encoder
Application Complete System
Examples Emulation FOC Speed and Torque Sensorless
Library Frameworks
Stepper Microstep Position Sensorless
Brushed DirectDrive Speed and Position Encoder
Graphical User
Utilities Systems included or planned
Interfaces

Texas Instruments 2Q 2010 System Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
TI Worldwide Technical Support
Internet Asia
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Peripherals
Clocks and Timers www.ti.com/clocks Consumer Electronics www.ti.com/consumer-apps
Interface interface.ti.com Energy www.ti.com/energy
Logic logic.ti.com Industrial www.ti.com/industrial
Power Mgmt power.ti.com Medical www.ti.com/medical
Microcontrollers microcontroller.ti.com Security www.ti.com/security
RFID www.ti-rfid.com Space, Avionics & www.ti.com/space-avionics-defense
Defense
RF/IF and ZigBee® Solutions www.ti.com/lprf Video and Imaging www.ti.com/video
Wireless www.ti.com/wireless-apps

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