Case 6: Beam depth is increased to 600

fc’ = 35 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
Transverse Rein. Diam. = 10 mm
600 mm
Min. Concrete Cover = 40 mm

300 mm

a.) Just Before Cracking

d’
d = 600-40-10-25/2
d d = 537.5 mm
A1 = (n-1) As’
Ag d’ = 600-537.5
d’ = 62.5 mm

Ec=5000 √ fc '
A2 = (n-1) As
300 mm Ec=5000 √35
Ec=29580.399 MPa

Es 200000 A2= ( n−1 ) As

n= = A1= ( n−1 ) A s '
E C 29580.399 A2= ( 6.761−1 ) (1472.622)
A1= ( 6.761−1 ) (981.748)
n=6.761 A2=8483.775 mm2
A1=5655.850 m m 2
π
As= (d)2n
4
π ý=
∑ Ai ⅆⅈ
As= (25)2(3) AT
4
As=¿ 1472.622 mm2 600
ý=π
180000
2( )
+5655.850 ( 62.5 ) +8483.775(537.5)

As= (25)2(2) 180000+5655.850+ 8483.775

4
As=981.748mm 2 ý=303.46 mm

A g=300( 600)

A g=180000 mm2 56
57
I g=I + Ag d 12 I 2=I + A d 32
300 ( 600 )3 I 2=8483.775 ( 303.46−537.5 )2
I g= +180000 ( 300−303.46 )2
12 I 2=4.647 x 108 mm 4
I g=5.402 x 10 9 m m 4

2 I T =ΣI + ΣA d 2
I 1=I + A d 2
2 I T =6.195 x 109 mm4
I 1=5655.850 (303.46−62.5 )
I 1=3.284 x 10 8 m m4

fr=0.7 √ f c ' M Cr
∅=
I T EC
fr=0.7 √ 35
fr=4.141 MPa 86.509 ( 1000 )2
∅=
6.195 x 10 9( 29580.399)
fr I T rad
∅=4.721 x 10−7
Mcr= mm
( h−c )
4.141(6.195 x 109 )
Mcr=
(600−303.46)
Mcr=86.509 kN . m

b.) Right After Cracking

300 mm

58
 A1= ( n−1 ) A s '
A1= ( 6.761−1 ) (981.748)
A1 = (n-1) As’
c Ag A1=5655.850 m m 2
A2=nAs
A2= ( 6.761 )( 1472.622)
d-c A2=9956.397 mm2
A2 = nAs

c=149.806 mm )
300 c ( c2 )+5655.850(c−62.5)=9956.397 ¿
A g=300(149.806)
A g=44941.8m m2

59
 300 ( 149.806 )3 149.806 2
I T =ΣI + ΣA d 2
I g=
12
+ 44941.8 ( 2 ) I T =1.876 x 109 mm4
8 4
I g=3.362 x 10 m m
Mcr=86.509 kN . m
2
I 1=5655.850 (149.806−62.5 )
M Cr 86.509 ( 1000 )2
I 1=4.311 x 10 mm 7 4
∅= =
I T EC 1.876 x 109 (29580.399)

I 2=9956.397 ( 149.806−537.5 )2 rad

∅=1.559 x 10−6
mm
I 2=1.497 x 109 m m4

c.) Steel Yields or Concrete Behaves Non-Linearly

a.) Steel Yields
fy 420
ε s=ε y = =
Es 200000
ε s=ε y =0.0021
εy 0.0021 εc
∅= =
d −c 537.5−149.806
rad
∅=5.417 x 10−6 c
mm
M Cr =ϕ I T Es

M Cr =(5.417 x 10−6 )(1.876 x 109 )(200000) d-c

M Cr =2032.458 kN . m
ε s=ε y
b.) Concrete Behaves Non-Linearly
fC 0.7(35)
ε C= = M 0.7 fc =306.709 kN . m
E C 29580.399
ε C =0.000828 rad
∅ 0.7 fc=5.527 x 10−6
ε c 0.000828 mm
∅ 0.7 fc= =
c 149.806
rad
∅ 0.7 fc=5.527 x 10−6
mm
M 0.7 fc =∅0.7 fc I T E c

M 0.7 fc =(5.527 x 10−6 )(1.876 x 109 )(29580.399)

M 0.7 fc =306.709 kN . m

60
d.) Ultimate Stage

Assume tension and compression reinforcements yields

fs=fs'=fy , ɛs>=ɛy , ɛs'>=ɛy

Cc + Cs = Ts
0.85fc’ab + As’(fy-0.85fc’) = Asfy
0.85(35)(a)(300)+981.748(420-0.85(35))=1472.622(420)
a = 26.372 mm

ß = 0.85-
ß = 0.8
0.05/7(fc’-
c=a/ß = 32.965 mm
28)

Check :
0.003 0.003 fy
ε s= ( d−c ) ε s '= ( c−d ' ) ε y=
c c Es
0.003 0.003 420
ε s= ( 537.5−32.965 ) ε s '= ( 32.965−62.5 ) ε y=
32.965 32.965 200000
ε s=0.0459 ε s ' =−0.00269 ε y =0.0021

Since ɛs'<ɛy, the assumption is wrong, compression reinforcements does not yield

Cc + Cs = Ts
0.85fc’ab + As’(fs’-0.85fc’) = Asfy
0.85fc’c ß b + As’(600/c(c-d’)-0.85fc’)= Asfy
0.85(35)(c)(0.8)(300)+981.748(600/c(c-62.5)-0.85(35))=1472.622(420)
c = 76.032 mm
a = 60.826 mm

Check :
0.003 fy
ε s= ( d−c ) ε y=
c Es
0.003 ε y =0.0021
ε s= ( 537.5−76.032 ) 420
76.032 ε y=
200000 61
 600
ε s '=
0.003ε s=0.0182
c
( c−d ' ) (
f s' =s ' 4.275 mm 748
c ( c−62.5 ) )
−0.85 ( 35 ) =1472.622 ( 420

600
ε s '=
0.003
76.032
(76.032−62.5 )
' '
f s =s 4.275 mm 748
( c ( c−62.5 ) )
−0.85 ( 35 ) =1472.622 ( 420

600
ε s ' =0.000534 f s' =106.787 s' 4.275 mm 748
( c ( c−62.5 ) )
−0.85 ( 35 ) =1472.

Since ɛs>ɛy and ɛs'<ɛy, therefore, the assumptions are correct.

Mn = 0.85fc’ab(d-a/2) + As’(fs-0.85fc’)(d-d’)
Mn = 0.85(35)(60.826)(300)(537.5-60.826/2)+981.748(106.787-0.85(35))(537.5-62.5)
Mn = 311.208 kN.m

0.003
∅=
c
0.003
∅=
76.032

rad
∅=3.946 x 10−5
mm

Moment Curvature Diagram

350.000
306.786 311.207
300.000

250.000

200.000

150.000

100.000
86.518 86.518
50.000

0.000
4.721E-07 1.559E-06 5.529E-06 3.946E-05

62