Pre-colonial Era

Education was plain and simple- for survival.

Parents teach their child in becoming a responsible member of family. Further, Musa (2012),
stated that on pre-colonial period, sons were taught to hunt and maintain livelihood. Basic knowledge was
taught (like reading and writing) and no scientific teachings.

Spanish Era

Religion-based education is disseminated.

According to Musa (2012), Christian doctrines were the main focus in schools. Furthermore,
schools were mandated and facilitated by priests. Every students was taught traditions and beliefs about
their religion- prayers, songs, and manners.

Education during the American Regime

Proper education was introduced with respect.

Education is very important issue in the United States colonial government, since it allowed to
spread their cultural values, particularly the English language to the Filipino. Lead to forming a national
identity and Filipino nationalism. The Americans teach the Filipinos on how to become excellent in terms
of academic. Education during the American Regime students who excelled academically were sent to the
U.S. to continue their studies and to become expert in their desired fields or professions. According to
Sobritchea (1898), with American education, Filipinos started learning not only a new language but also a
new way of life.

Japanese Occupation

Aiming of promoting the Filipino culture and stop patronizing Western Countries.

Japanese wants that the Filipino would have a confident to developed on their own culture
because they have notice on how a nation could take pride in speaking foreign language rather than their
own. They have realized that the country was slowly losing culture due to the years of Spanish and
American impositions in the Philippines. The Japanese teach the Filipino to use their own language which
is Tagalog without using foreign language because they want to retain the culture of the Filipino. Rather
than seeking personal happiness, Japanese value maintaining harmonious relationships (Ohashi, 2019).

Post-colonial Period

The period were the Philippine education was reborn.

Democracy in education were implemented around the country. Some changes were
accomplished specially on the curriculum. Six years in primary level, four years in secondary level and
mostly 4 years in college. Education was not money-oriented, specifically education was for everyone
regardless of class and gender (Musa, 2012).
 References

Ohashi, M. M., (2019). Super-Ordinary Bias Among Japanese: Is It Unique to Japanese Culture?. In
Asian Indigenous Psychologies in the Global Context (pp. 169-193). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

Musa, S., (2012). Features and Historical Aspects of the Philippines Educational system. European
Journal of Contemporary Education, 2012, Vol.(2), № 2
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270448373_Features_and_Historical_Aspects_of_the_Philippin
es_Educational_System

Sobritchea, C.I. (1989). American colonial education and its impact on the status of Filipino women.
Asian studies, 27,70-91.
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