Protek A434 Training Material PDF

Protek A434
RF Master
Cable and Antenna Analyzer
GS Instruments
Training Material
Chapter 1
Basic concept of Cable & Antenna Analyzing
© Copyright GS Instruments Co., Ltd Page 2

Why is VSWR Measurement so important?
z Mismatching: Decrease Energy Efficiency and shrink Coverage
Transmitted Energy = 1 − ρ 2 ( fraction) = 10 log(1 − ρ 2 )(dB )

Lightwave Analogy to RF Energy
zIncident, Reflected & Transmitted z Incident, Reflected & Transmitted RF

Lightwave on the Lens energy on the circuit
Incident (V+)
Transmitted
Reflected (V-)

What does VSWR means?
z RF Circuit with mismatched load. z Envelop of summing voltage
Observing
Z0 ≠ Z L
block
(Z 0 ≠ Z L )
z Incident & Reflected RF Energy z Some Useful Equations

1. Reflection Coefficient
−
V ( 0) Z L − Z S
r = 0+ =
V0 (0) Z L + Z S
+
| VMAX | V0 (1 + r ) 1 + r 2. VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)
VSWR = = = +
| VMIN | V0+ (1 − r ) 1 − r | VMAX | V0 (1 + r ) 1 + r
VSWR = = =
| VMIN | V0+ (1 − r ) 1 − r
3. Relation Between VSWR and Reflection Coefficient

VSWR − 1
r =
VSWR + 1

What does DTF means?
z Antenna Feed-line System z Inverse Fourier Transform

z Converting frequency data to time
data
z Distance=Rel. Prop. Vel * Time
z Return Loss=Detected Level +
(Nominal Attenuation of feed-line *
Distance)
Frequency Information Time (Distance) Information
∞
f (t ) = ∑ Fn • e jnωt
0

What does directivity means?
z Conceptual schematic of Vector z Interference caused by finite

VSWR Tester isolation
Return Loss (dB)

z Directivity
z Calibration Effect
Directivity (dB) Return Loss (dB)

= isolation - forward coupling factor

VSWR Conversion
Mismatching Conversion Table

· Return Loss=20log10(VSWR+1/VSWR-1) (dB)
· VSWR=(10R.L./20+1)/(10R.L./20-1)
· Reflection Coefficient= 10^(-R.L/20), or R.C=(VSWR-1)/(VSWR+1)
VSWR Return Loss Reflection Transmitting VSWR Return Loss Reflection Transmitting
( : 1) (dB) Coefficient Energy (%) ( : 1) (dB) Coefficient Energy (%)
1 -- 0 100% 2 9.5 0.33 88.9%

1.01 46.1 0.00 100% 2.5 7.4 0.43 81.6%
1.05 32.3 0.02 100% 3 6.0 0.50 75.0%
1.1 26.4 0.05 100% 3.5 5.1 0.56 69.1%
1.15 23.1 0.07 100% 4 4.4 0.60 64.0%
1.2 20.8 0.09 99.2% 4.5 3.9 0.64 59.5%
1.25 19.1 0.11 98.8% 5 3.5 0.67 55.6%
1.3 17.7 0.13 98.3% 6 2.9 0.71 49.0%
1.35 16.5 0.15 97.8% 7 2.5 0.75 43.8%
1.4 15.6 0.17 97.2% 8 2.2 0.78 39.5%
1.45 14.7 0.18 96.6% 9 1.9 0.80 36.0%
1.5 14.0 0.20 96.0% 10 1.7 0.82 33.1%
Normal Alert Fault

Chapter 2
Comparison of Specification and Features

Specification Comparison
zGeneral Specification
ITEMS Protek A434 Anritsu S331D BIRD SA-6000EX
Frequency Range 40 ~ 4000MHz 25 ~ 4000MHz 25 ~ 6000MHz
25k: under 800MHz,

Frequency Resolution 100 KHz 100KHz 50k: 800~2500MHz,
150k: 2500~6000MHz
Frequency Accuracy < ±75ppm ±75ppm
Max. Input Power + 25dBm +43dBm +22dBm
Impedance 50Ω 50Ω 50Ω
Scan speed 0.9, 1.7, 3.5, 7 sec <3.5ms / data points 2 sec, 3.5 sec, 6 sec
Test curve storage 400 up to 300 up to 500
Adjust data storage 20 up to 20 15
Test port N Female Precision N Female N Female
Internal Battery Li-Ion ( >3hr operating Ni-MH Li-Ion ( >3 hr operating

time) time)

zVSWR Specification
Number of data points 126, 251, 501, 1001 130, 259, 517 238, 475, 949
Return loss 0 ~ 60 dB 0 to 60 dB, 0 to 60 dB

0.01 dB Res.
VSWR 1 ~ 65 1 to 65, 0.01 Res.
zCable Loss Specification

Cable loss 0 ~ 30dB, 0.01 Res. 0 ~ 30dB, 0.01dB Res.
zImmunity
On-Frequency + 10dBm -5dBm +13dBm
On-Channel + 20dBm +17dBm ?

zDTF Specification
Vertical Range 0 to 60dB 0 to 60dB
Horizontal Range 0 to 1250m (4125ft) 0 to 1197m (3929ft)

Feature Comparison
z General Feature
No Protek A434 Anritsu S331D BIRD SA-6000EX
1 7" wide TFT color display Large High Resolution Display High-resolution color display
2 Replaceable Li-Ion Battery Replaceable Li-Mn Replaceable Li-Ion Battery
Multilingual user interface

Multilingual User Interface:
features on screen menus and
3 English, Chinese, Korean
messages in 6-different
(expandable)
languages.
Automatic power down

4 Supporting sleep mode
conserves battery life
5 Touch Screen
6 External USB Memory
InstaCal™ calibration module

7
simplifies Site Master
Can display ether forward
power, reflected power, or
8
match efficiency depending
upon the sensor

Feature Comparison
zVSWR Tester
No Protek A434 Anritsu S331D BIRD SA-6000EX
Locate long Range Problems Locate long range problems with 238, 475, 949 data points per
1
with 1001 data points 517 data points. sweep
Saves up to 30 Measurement Save Setup: Ten memory
2 Test Set-ups with calibration locations for calibration profiles Stores up to 15 setups
profiles or test set-ups.
Save Display: Up to 200
Store up to 400 traces and 100 Stores up to 500 set of
3 memory locations for
screen capture Measurement data (trace)
measurement data.
RS-232 Interface: Download RS-232 Interface: Download Measurement data can be
4 stored data to a personal stored data to a personal transferred to the Anritsu Site
computer (PC) computer (PC) Master Software Tools
On screen comparison between On screen comparison between On screen comparison between
5 current measurement trace and current measurement trace and current measurement trace and
up to 4 stored data traces a stored data trace a stored data trace
Pop-up cable menus containing Cable List: contains more than Pop-up menus contain over 70
6 over 95 cables and up to 80 75 cables, 3 frequency band cable types and up to 80
frequency band preset presets. frequency band presets
Limit Line: Create simple, quick Adjustable pass/fail limit with
7
pass/fail measurements visual indicator
8 Printing Capability Printing capability.
Three graphic display format,
9
envelope, maximum, minimum

Feature of Protek A434
z Handheld battery operated design

z Easy and quick to use Touch Screen operation
z Superior immunity to RF Interference
z Locate long rang problems with 1001 data point
z External USB memory
z Save up to 400 traces, 30 setups and 100 screens
z Multilingual User Interface: English, Chinese, Korean
(expandable)

Chapter 3
Learn how to use Protek A434

Safety Precaution
zWarning
This product is a Safety Class I product. The mains plug shall only be inserted in a
socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact.
The AC/DC power adaptor supplied with the product shall only be used. Manufacturer
is not liable for any personal injury or product damage caused by using non standard
power supply.
During the storming that has a potential to produce lighting, do not connect this
equipment to an antenna and proceed measurement.
zCaution
Max input power is 25dBm. Do not apply RF power to RF In port of the test set. High
! power input degrade the performance of the test set and result in electrical disorder.
Battery installed in this product is Li-Ion battery and it may lead to explosion if not
! connected correctly. In case the internal battery needs to be exchanged with new one,
do it with the same type or compatible type of battery. Battery must be disposed
under safety instruction.

Protek A434 Overview
z Main Function
z VSWR Tester
z DTF Tester
z One Port Cable Loss
z RF Power Meter (Opt: External
Power Sensor)
z General Specification
z Freq Range: 25MHz ~ 4.0GHz
z Return Loss: 0 ~ 60dB
z DTF: Up to 1,250m (4125 feet)
z Cable Loss: ~ 30dB
z Power Meter
z Average Power Sensor
z 20MHz ~ 3GHz
z 0 ~ -30dBm
z Peak Power Sensor
z 20MHz ~ 4GHz
z 0 ~ - -40dBm

Top View
1. DC IN: Power Jack 5. RS-232C:

2. RF IN Port: N Type - Serial interface for dedicated PC
3. LAN: Ethernet access (Not Available Application program.
yet)
- I/F for external Power Sensor
4. USB: External Memory & Firmware
Upgrade

Front View
2
1
1. Main function key
2. Soft key
3. Power Button: Power On/Off
4. Multi Key: Act as numeric key

5
or specific function key
5. ESC: Escape
6. ENTER
7. Knob dial & Arrow
3 4 6 7

GUI Layout

Learn how to measure VSWR
Frequency setup: Start, Stop, Span, Band

z Measurement Procedure VSWR
2
FREQ/
DIST (Standard, Custom)
A. Step 1. Preparation
z Select VSWR CAL Calibration: O-S-L calibration
z Connect Test Cable, and connect
Combo CAL Kit at the opposite end. .
Y scale unit: VSWR, Return Loss
z Set Frequency
SCALE
z Freq/DIST-Start Freq-Stop Freq

3
or, TRACE
POINT
Trace (data) Point: 126, 251, 501, 1001
z Freq/Dist-Band
Antenna
z CAL, Open-Short-Load Feed Line
Calibration
S
B. Step 2. Measurement Step 2
O
z Disconnect Combo CAL kit and
connect Test Cable with Antenna Test Cable
Step 1
Feed-line
L
z Select,
• Trace Point for optimal resolution GenComm GC724A Antenna Cable Analyzer
• AMP or Auto Scale for best trace VSWR
view DTF
• Scale for changing Y-scale unit

Cable
Loss
Power
Meter
System
CAL
Changing Frequency setting will automatically

! turn Calibration off. 7
LOAD
8
SAVE
9
LIGHT
.
SCALE
ESC
4 5 6 +/-
MARKER TRACE PEAK HOLD
ENTER
1 2 3 0
FREQ/ TRACE AUTO
AMP DIST POINT SCALE

Learn how to measure VSWR
z VSWR Measurement Result
z Trace Analysis
Peak (Search): Next Peak Right, Next Peak Trace: Trace CH, Capture, View, Clear CH,
Left, Max Search, Min Search Clear All
Marker: Select (Marker CH, Up to 6 markers Save: Trace, Screen, Setup

are available), Marker View, All Off, Draw
Type, Marker Table, Marker To Freq
Hold: Pause measurement Load: Trace, Screen, Setup

Learn how to measure DTF
z Measurement Procedure DTF 2 DIST: Distance, Cable List (Standard, Custom),

Velocity, Cable Loss, Unit (Meter/Feet)
z Connect Antenna Feed-line
FREQ/
DIST
z Select DTF Y Scale Unit: VSWR, Return Loss

.
z Select DIST
SCALE
z Select Distance, set distance, Enter Antenna

z Select Cable List and choose proper
Antenna
cable in the list box or, Feed Line
z Select Velocity to set value, and select

Cable Loss to set value manually
Test Cable
z Adjust Y scale by select
z Auto Scale for best trace view
z AMP for manual adjustment GenComm GC724A Antenna Cable Analyzer
V SWR
DTF
Ca ble
Loss
No O-S-L calibration is required for DTF P owe r

Meter
measurement. Syste m
CAL
Identified distance to fault location from the 7

LO AD
8
SAV E
9
LIGHT
.
SCALE
ESC
test point includes the length of test cable if 4

MARKE R
5
TRACE
6
PEAK
+/-
HO LD
that is used. Be sure to know the length of

E NTER
1 2 3 0
FRE Q/ TRACE AUTO
AMP DIST P OINT SCALE
your test cable to obtain more accurate fault

position.

Learn how to measure DTF
z DTF Measurement Result

Cable Name
Relative
propagation
velocity
Cable Loss
Y Scale Unit
Marker Table
-Distance
- R/L or VSWR
z Trace Analysis
Peak (Search): Next Peak Right, Next Peak Trace: Trace CH, Capture, View, Clear CH,
Left, Max Search, Min Search Clear All
Marker: Select (Marker CH, Up to 6 markers Save: Trace, Screen, Setup

are available), Marker View, All Off, Draw
Type, Marker Table, Marker To Freq
Hold: Pause measurement Load: Trace, Screen, Setup

Learn how to measure One Port Cable Loss
z Measurement Procedure Frequency setup: Start, Stop, Span, Band

(Standard, Custom)
z A. Step 1. Preparation
z Select Cable Loss
z Connect Combo CAL Kit with RF In Calibration: O-S-L calibration
port of the test set
z Set Frequency
Step 1: Calibration
z Freq/DIST-Start Freq-Stop Freq Short
or,
z Freq/Dist-Band
z CAL, Open-Short-Load Step 2. Measuring
Cable Loss
z B. Step 2. Measurement
z Connect cable with the RF In port of GenComm GC724A Antenna Cable Analyzer
A434 and connect Short standard at VSWR
the other end of cable. DTF
z Adjust Y scale by select

Cable
Loss
Power
Auto Scale for best trace view

Meter
•
System
• AMP for manual adjustment CAL
Changing Frequency setting will automatically

7 8 9 .
ESC
LOAD SAVE LIGHT SCALE
turn Calibration off. 4

MARKER
5
TRACE
6
PEAK
+/-
HOLD
ENTER
1 2 3 0
FREQ/ TRACE AUTO
AMP DIST POINT SCALE

Learn how to measure RF Power
z Power Meter
z Before connect Sensor,
z Turn on the test set.
z Wait until the boot process is
completed, and check the test set is
ready to measure before proceeding.
z Select,
z Average Power Sensor for CW or
modulated signal
z Peak Power Sensor for CW signal
z Connect sensor
z When connected, test set download
Sensor Type: Auto Detected
the calibration data and initialize the Frequency
sensor. Frequency setting
z After sensor initialization, Sensor
External Loss/Gain
type will be displayed on the screen
Displayed unit
z Measure RF Power
z Connect RF Sensor with the RF output Initialization
port of DUT.
Do not apply RF power exceed 0dBm for

preventing damage or degradation of RF
power sensor. Alarm Measurement
Message window result

Learn how to use Marker function
z Marker
When pressed, call Marker menu, and
activate a Marker if no marker is displayed on
the trace.
z Marker Channel
z Up to six Markers are available
z Press again to change the Active Marker
z Marker View
z View or hide the Active Marker
z All Off
z Hide all Markers on the screen
z Draw Type
z Set the number of Markers as 4 or 6
z Marker Table
z Show or hide the Marker table
z Marker to Freq
z Move Active Marker to specific frequency or distance

Learn how to use Peak Search function
z Peak Search
When Pressed, activate a Marker and move it,
or simply move the current marker, to the
highest peak of the trace.
z Next Peak to Right

z Move current marker to the next peak
on the right hand side of current
position.
z Next Peak to Left

z Move current marker to the next peak
on the right hand side of current
position.
z Max Search
z Move current marker to the highest
peak of the trace
z Min Search
z Move current marker to the lowest
valley of the trace

Learn how to use Save functions
z Save Trace
z Step 1: Capture a wanted trace z Step3: Assign saved name and location
- Select Trace, Select, Capture - Select Memory type, Save Type
- Press Enter
• File Name: Auto (default)
z Step2: Select trace to be saved

- Select Save, Save Trace CH, Save
Trace, • File Name: Manual (Screen keyboard)

Learn how to use Save function
zSave Screen z Save Setup

zProcedure z Procedure
zSelect SAVE – Save Screen z Select SAVE – Save Setup
zSelect Memory Type, Save Type z Select Memory Type, Save Type
• File Name: Auto (default)

z List of parameters to be saved
Function Parameter Description
VSWR CAL On/ Off Status
/Cable
CAL Data Instant calibration data
Loss
Frequency Start, Stop, Center Freq
and Span
Trace Point VSWR: 126, 251, 501,
1001points,
cable Loss: 512 points
Y-scale Top, Bottom
• File Name: Manual Y-scale unit VSWR, Return Loss
Band Frequency Band setting
DTF Distance setting
Cable setting 등록된 Cable 명 및 특성
Y-scale setting Top, Bottom
Y-scale unit setting VSWR/Return Loss
Custom Cable - Propagation Velocity
Parameter setting - Cable Loss

Learn how to use Load Function
z Load Trace z Using Marker

z Procedure z Turn Marker View on to compare the
z Step 1: Trace channel allocation traces on the screen
9 Select Trace-Select, Ch1~4 z Turn Marker table on to identify the
frequency or location of each markers.
• Step 2: Load Saved Trace z Use Marker to Freq (Dist) to move the
9 Select LOAD marker to the specific frequency or
9 Select saved Trace from the list box distance.
9 ENTER
• Up to 4 trace can be loaded.
After loading saved trace, frequency

setting automatically changed into the
range of recalled trace, and it may turn
the Calibration Off.

System Information
z System Information z You can see,

z The firmware version and its
released date.
z The device firmware version
and its released date
z The brightness of LCD back
light
z The battery charging status
z The current system
temperature
z You can adjust,

z The Keypad beep setting
z Before proceed measurement, check the
system temperature and battery for z The Sleep Time setting
preventing abnormal termination. z The Language setting
z You can perform,

z The firmware upgrade.

Learn how to change the System setting
zUpgrade
zDownload a newest firmware and save
to USB memory stick.
zConnect USB memory stick with the test
set
zSelect System-Firmware Upgrade
zAfter completion of firmware upgrade,
system will reset automatically.
zLanguage key allows to set the

language displayed on menu button and
message windows.
zTime & Date key allows to change the

system time.
zBeep key allows to on and off the Key

press tone
zPower Save key allows to adjust sleep

time setting

Thank you

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Protek A434

Basic concept of Cable & Antenna Analyzing

© Copyright GS Instruments Co., Ltd Page 2

z Mismatching: Decrease Energy Efficiency and shrink Coverage

Transmitted Energy = 1 − ρ 2 ( fraction) = 10 log(1 − ρ 2 )(dB )

© Copyright GS Instruments Co., Ltd Page 3

zIncident, Reflected & Transmitted z Incident, Reflected & Transmitted RF

© Copyright GS Instruments Co., Ltd Page 4

z RF Circuit with mismatched load. z Envelop of summing voltage

z Incident & Reflected RF Energy z Some Useful Equations

3. Relation Between VSWR and Reflection Coefficient

© Copyright GS Instruments Co., Ltd Page 5

z Antenna Feed-line System z Inverse Fourier Transform

Frequency Information Time (Distance) Information

© Copyright GS Instruments Co., Ltd Page 6

z Conceptual schematic of Vector z Interference caused by finite

Return Loss (dB)

Directivity (dB) Return Loss (dB)

© Copyright GS Instruments Co., Ltd Page 7

Mismatching Conversion Table

1 -- 0 100% 2 9.5 0.33 88.9%

Normal Alert Fault

© Copyright GS Instruments Co., Ltd Page 8

Comparison of Specification and Features

© Copyright GS Instruments Co., Ltd Page 9

ITEMS Protek A434 Anritsu S331D BIRD SA-6000EX

Frequency Range 40 ~ 4000MHz 25 ~ 4000MHz 25 ~ 6000MHz

25k: under 800MHz,

Frequency Accuracy < ±75ppm ±75ppm

Max. Input Power + 25dBm +43dBm +22dBm

Impedance 50Ω 50Ω 50Ω

Test curve storage 400 up to 300 up to 500

Adjust data storage 20 up to 20 15

Test port N Female Precision N Female N Female

Internal Battery Li-Ion ( >3hr operating Ni-MH Li-Ion ( >3 hr operating

© Copyright GS Instruments Co., Ltd Page 10

Return loss 0 ~ 60 dB 0 to 60 dB, 0 to 60 dB

zCable Loss Specification

Cable loss 0 ~ 30dB, 0.01 Res. 0 ~ 30dB, 0.01dB Res.

On-Frequency + 10dBm -5dBm +13dBm

On-Channel + 20dBm +17dBm ?

© Copyright GS Instruments Co., Ltd Page 11

Vertical Range 0 to 60dB 0 to 60dB

Horizontal Range 0 to 1250m (4125ft) 0 to 1197m (3929ft)

© Copyright GS Instruments Co., Ltd Page 12

No Protek A434 Anritsu S331D BIRD SA-6000EX

2 Replaceable Li-Ion Battery Replaceable Li-Mn Replaceable Li-Ion Battery

Multilingual user interface

Automatic power down

6 External USB Memory

InstaCal™ calibration module

© Copyright GS Instruments Co., Ltd Page 13

© Copyright GS Instruments Co., Ltd Page 14

z Handheld battery operated design

© Copyright GS Instruments Co., Ltd Page 15

Learn how to use Protek A434

© Copyright GS Instruments Co., Ltd Page 16

© Copyright GS Instruments Co., Ltd Page 17

© Copyright GS Instruments Co., Ltd Page 18

1. DC IN: Power Jack 5. RS-232C:

© Copyright GS Instruments Co., Ltd Page 19

1. Main function key

3. Power Button: Power On/Off