ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 32.

1-2004

ASHRAE STANDARD
Methods of Testing for
Rating Vending Machines
for Bottled, Canned, and
Other Sealed Beverages

Approved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on June 26, 2004; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on July 1,
2004; and by the American National Standards Institute on December 2, 2004.

ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard number is
the year of ASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest copies may be purchased from ASHRAE Customer
Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: orders@ashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Tele-
phone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in U.S. and Canada).

© Copyright 2004 ASHRAE, Inc.

ISSN 1041-2336

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating

and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329
www.ashrae.org
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ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 32.1

Cognizant TC: TC 10.7, Commercial Food and Beverage Cooling, Display, and Storage
SPLS Liaison: Mark P. Modera
R. Michael Martin, Chair* Noah Horowitz*
Bernard B. Adebayo-Ige* Jerry Landers*
Bradford D. Anderson* Stephen J. Longfield*
Philip L. Baker* Robert McGarrah*
John A. Beldock* Kazuo Murata
Peter J. Biermayer* John O’Hare*
Steven Cousins Edmund S. Richardson
Larry Eils* Glenn Selfridge*
Donald R. Fisher* Anthony J. Spata*
Bodh R. Subherwal*
*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication

ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2003-2004

Van D. Baxter, Chair Frank E. Jakob
Davor Novosel, Vice-Chair Stephen D. Kennedy
Donald B. Bivens David E. Knebel
Dean S. Borges Frederick H. Kohloss
Paul W. Cabot Merle F. McBride
Charles W. Coward, Jr. Mark P. Modera
Hugh F. Crowther Cyrus H. Nasseri
Brian P. Dougherty Gideon Shavit
Hakim Elmahdy David R. Tree
Matt R. Hargan Thomas H. Williams
Richard D. Hermans James E. Woods
John F. Hogan Ross D. Montgomery, BOD ExO
Kent W. Peterson, CO
Claire B. Ramspeck, Manager of Standards

SPECIAL NOTE
This American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of the American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Consensus is defined by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached
by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarily
unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”
Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.
ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public
review.
ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The
Project Committee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE
members, all must be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests
on all Project Committees.
The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:
a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,
b. participation in the next review of the Standard,
c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard,
d. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.

DISCLAIMER
ASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available
information and accepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or
performance of any products, components, or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAE’s Standards
or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.

ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDS

ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of
testing for rating purposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions
of this equipment, and by providing other information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards
and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformance to them is completely voluntary.
In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either
stated or implied, that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.
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CONTENTS

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 32.1-2004,

Methods of Testing for Rating Vending Machines
for Bottled, Canned, and Other Sealed Beverages
SECTION PAGE
Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................... 2
1 Purpose .......................................................................................................................................................... 2
2 Scope ............................................................................................................................................................. 2
3 Definitions....................................................................................................................................................... 2
4 Instruments..................................................................................................................................................... 2
5 Vending Machine Capacity ............................................................................................................................. 2
6 Test Conditions ............................................................................................................................................... 3
7 Test Procedures.............................................................................................................................................. 3
Appendix A: Reporting Form for Equipment Tested Using ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 32.1-2004 ....................... 5
Appendix B: Energy Consumption Test Under Tropical Conditions ................................................................... 6

NOTE

When addenda, interpretations, or errata to this standard have been approved, they can be downloaded
free of charge from the ASHRAE Web site at http://www.ashrae.org.

© Copyright 2004 American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
1791 Tullie Circle NE
Atlanta, GA 30329
www.ashrae.org

All rights reserved.

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(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merely
informative and does not contain requirements necessary
for conformance to the standard. It has not been processed
according to the ANSI requirements for a standard and
may contain material that has not been subject to public
review or a consensus process.)
FOREWORD
This revised standard expands the scope of the 1997
version of the standard to include not only vending machines
for bottled and canned beverages but also newer machines
capable of vending beverages in other types of sealed contain-
ers. The Energy Consumption Test provisions in Section 7.2
have been expanded to include two tests instead of one: the
first at 90±2°F (32.2±1°C) ambient temperature to replicate
typical outdoor conditions, and the other at a 75±2°F
(23.9±1°C) ambient temperature to replicate typical indoor
conditions. Conditions for a voluntary third test with a
105±2°F (40.6±1°C) ambient temperature to replicate
extreme outdoor conditions are described in Appendix B.
1. PURPOSE
The purpose of this standard is to specify methods of test-
ing for rating the capacity and efficiency of self-contained,
mechanically refrigerated vending machines for bottled,
canned, or other sealed beverages.
2. SCOPE
This standard
(a) defines standard bottled, canned, or other sealed beverage
storage capacity;
(b) establishes uniform methods of testing for determining
laboratory performance of vending machines for bottled,
canned, or other sealed beverages;
(c) lists and defines the terms used in the methods of testing;
and
(d) establishes test conditions for rating.
3. DEFINITIONS
bottle: a glass or plastic container in which a beverage is
sealed.
can: a container made of metal or paperboard or a combina-
tion of both in which a beverage is sealed.
basic model: all vending machines of a given type with elec-
trical characteristics that are essentially identical and without
any differing physical or functional characteristics that affect
energy consumption.
energy management system: a control device or set of control
devices that allow for adjustment of the operation of refriger-
ated vending machines depending on environmental and other
operational variables in the vending location.
full loading: bottled, canned, or other sealed beverages placed
in conformance with Section 5 of this standard.
2 ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 32.1-2004
product: bottled, canned, or other sealed beverages.
product storage rack: that portion of the machine into which
bottles, cans, or other sealed packages are placed for vending.
recovery time: the time taken by a vending machine when
tested according to Section 7.4 to cool product to the desired
vending temperature, calculated as two hours less than the
time required to satisfy the requirements of Section 7.4.2.4.
special package: a sealed beverage container that is not a can
or a bottle.
stabilized operation: the operating condition at which all test
values would be repetitive (or cyclic) if the machine were
operated for an extended period of time.
standard product: the product to be used in testing the bever-
age vending machine.
standard test package: a beverage container of the size and
shape for which the vending machine is designed, altered to
include a temperature-measuring instrument at its center of
mass. The package may be of a different type material than the
material that is used for the containers in the vending machine.
standby: a mode of operation with no vending.
vend: to dispense product.
4. INSTRUMENTS
4.1 Temperature Measurement
Temperature shall be measured with a calibrated instru-
ment accurate to ±1°F (±0.5°C), traceable to NIST, within one
year of the instrument’s calibration.
4.2 Electrical Measurement
Electrical energy input shall be measured with an inte-
grating instrument with resolution of 0.01 kWh or better. The
instrument shall be accurate within the limits of ±0.5%, trace-
able to NIST, within one year of the instrument’s calibration.
Input voltage shall be measured with an indicating instrument
having an accuracy within the limits of ±1.0%, traceable to
NIST, within one year of the instrument’s calibration.
4.3 Time Measurement
Time shall be measured with instruments having an accu-
racy within ±0.1% of the interval measured.
5. VENDING MACHINE CAPACITY
The vendible capacity shall be the maximum quantity of
standard product that can be dispensed from one full loading
of the vending machine without further reload operations
when used as recommended by the manufacturer.
The standard product shall be 12 oz (355 ml) cans for
machines that are capable of dispensing 12 oz (355 ml) cans.
For all other machines, the standard project shall be the prod-
uct specified by the manufacturer as the standard product.
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6. TEST CONDITIONS 7.1.2 Circulation of Air. To restrict the circulation of air
at the rear of the vending machine, a vertical partition or wall
6.1 Standard Test Conditions
shall be located 6 in. (150 mm) from the rear of the cabinet or
The test conditions specified in Table 1 shall be used to in accordance with Section 7.1.1(a), whichever is greater, and
determine standard performance. extend at least 12 in. (300 mm) beyond each side of the cabi-
6.2 Voltage and Frequency net from the floor (or countertop) to not less than 12 in. (300
Tests shall be performed mm) above the top of the cabinet.
7.1.3 Measurement of Ambient Temperature. The
• (for vending machines with single nameplate voltages) ambient temperature shall be measured by one sensor located
at the nameplate rated voltage ±2% and at the rated fre- 12 in. (300 mm) in front of the vending machine, at approxi-
quency ±1% or mately the midpoint of the cabinet, and maintained at the tem-
• (for vending machines with dual nameplate voltages) at perature specified in Table 1 throughout the test.
both voltages or at the lower of the two voltages.
7.2 Energy Consumption Test
7. TEST PROCEDURES 7.2.1 Purpose. The purpose of this test is to determine the
stabilized daily and unit product energy consumption of the
7.1 General Requirements vending machine operating over a 24-hour period, without the
7.1.1 Installation. The vending machine shall be use of energy management systems that are adjustable by the
(a) installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruc- operator.
tions; 7.2.2 Procedure
(b) installed in a level position unless the instructions state 7.2.2.1 The beverage temperature shall be measured in
otherwise; standard test packages in each next-to-be-vended position for
(c) located on the floor (or countertop) as it would be in ser- each selection.
vice; 7.2.2.2 The vending machine shall be fully loaded to
(d) operated with normal lighting and control settings, using capacity. The temperature control of the machine shall be
only those energy management controls that are perma- adjusted to achieve the average beverage temperature speci-
nently operational and not capable of being adjusted by a fied in Table 1. It shall be allowed to operate under standard
machine operator; test conditions until stabilized. Temperature stabilization is
(e) protected against effects of nearby heating or cooling considered to be achieved 24 hours after the average beverage
equipment; and temperature reaches the specified value (Table 1) and energy
(f) protected from air moving at more than 50 ft/min (0.25 consumption for two successive six-hour periods are within
m/s). 2% of each other.

TABLE 1
Standard Test Conditions

Energy Consumption Tests Vend Test Recovery Test

Test and Pretest Conditions (Section 7.2) (Section 7.3) (Section 7.4)

Ambient Temperature Perform twice: At 90±2°F 90±2°F (32.2±1°C) 90±2°F (32.2±1°C)

(32.2±1°C) and at 75°F±2°F
(23.9±1°C)

Relative Humidity 65±5% for 90±2°F test and 65±5% 65±5%

45±5% for 75±2°F test

Reloaded Product __ 90±1°F (32.2±0.5°C) 90±1°F (32.2±0.5°C)

Temperature

Average Beverage Temperature 36±1°F (2.2±0.5°C) 40°F or less 33-40°F

(for test) Throughout Test (4.4°C or less) (0.6-4.4°C)
Final Temperature Final Temperature

Average Beverage Temperature 36±1°F (2.2±0.6°C) 36±1°F (2.2±0.6°C)

(for pretest) Pretest Conditions Pretest Conditions

ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 32.1-2004 3

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7.2.2.3 The test shall begin after temperature stabiliza-
tion has been achieved, and the following shall be recorded
for 24 consecutive hours:
(a) ambient temperature
(b) relative humidity
(c) average beverage temperature
(d) energy consumption in kWh
(e) input voltage
(f) duration of test
7.2.2.4 To ensure that the vending machine operates
independently of external influences during the test period,
other than those specified herein, the test chamber and vend-
ing machine shall not be disturbed throughout the duration of
the energy consumption test once the measurement instru-
mentation is in place.
7.2.3 Energy Consumption Calculations
7.2.3.1 Calculation of Daily Energy Consumption.
The daily rated energy consumption of each basic model of a
vending machine shall be determined as
ED = (ET / tT) × 24 ,
where
ED = primary rated energy consumption per day, kWh;
ET = energy consumed during the test, kWh;
tT = duration of the test, h;
24 = the number of hours per day.
7.2.3.2 Calculation of Energy Consumption per Unit
Capacity. Rated energy consumption per unit capacity shall
be calculated by dividing the rated energy consumption per
day, ED, by the vendible capacity of the machine.
7.3 Vend Test
7.3.1 Purpose. The purpose of this test is to determine
how much cold product a machine will deliver when bottles,
cans, or other sealed packages are vended at a rate of two per
minute, three hours after a half-full machine is refilled with
product at the beverage temperature specified in Table 1.
7.3.2 Procedure
7.3.2.1 The beverage temperature shall be measured at
approximately the center of mass of the liquid.
7.3.2.2 The temperature control setting obtained in Sec-
tion 7.2.2 shall be used. The machine shall be unloaded until
half of its capacity has been removed. It shall then be operated
under standard test conditions (specified in Table 1) for a min-
imum of 12 hours.
7.3.2.3 The machine shall then be opened and the prod-
uct storage rack reloaded to rated capacity with product at the
beverage temperature specified in Table 1 while the door is
open for the length of time specified in Table 2.
4 ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 32.1-2004
7.3.2.4 The machine shall be closed and allowed to
operate for three hours. Product vending shall then commence
and the beverage temperature of each product vended shall be
recorded. Product shall be vended at a uniform rate of two per
minute, using a regular product selection sequence that
ensures each product storage rack has been vended equally.
7.3.2.5 Product shall be vended and beverage tempera-
tures recorded until half of the load has been vended or until
10% of the vendible capacity has been vended with a beverage
temperature above 40°F (4.4°C) in consecutive vends, which-
ever occurs first.
7.3.2.6 The temperature of each product and the number
of products with a beverage temperature in the range specified
in Table 1 shall be reported.
7.4 Recovery Test
7.4.1 Purpose. The purpose of this test is to determine the
product temperature recovery time of a vending machine
when loaded with product at the temperature specified in
Table 1.
7.4.2 Procedure
7.4.2.1 The beverage temperature shall be measured at
approximately the center of mass of the liquid.
7.4.2.2 The temperature control setting used in Section
7.2.2 shall be used, and the machine shall be allowed to reach
stabilized operation in the empty condition under the standard
test conditions specified in Table 1.
7.4.2.3 The machine shall then be opened and the prod-
uct storage rack reloaded to rated capacity with product at the
temperature specified in Table 1 while the machine door is
open for the length of time specified in Table 2.
7.4.2.4 The beverage temperature shall be measured in
standard test packages in each next-to-be-vended position for
each selection. The recovery test will be judged complete
when the final average beverage temperature reaches the con-
ditions specified in Table 1.
7.4.2.5 The recovery time and the elapsed time between
door closing in Section 7.4.2.3 and meeting the condition
specified in Section 7.4.2.4 shall be reported. The actual time
of door open, door closed, end of test, and recovery shall be
reported.
TABLE 2
Door-Open Durations
Vending Capacity Vend Test Recovery Test
(product) (minutes) (minutes)
≤400 10 15
>400 20 30
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(This appendix is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain requirements necessary for con-
formance to the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard and may contain
material that has not been subject to public review or a consensus process.)

Appendix A

Reporting Form for Equipment Tested Using

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 32.1-2004

TABLE A-1
General Description

Section Measure Data

N/A Manufacturer
N/A Model number
5 Type (canned beverage, bottled beverage, or special package)
5 Vending capacity (number of cans, bottles, or special packages)
6.2 Rated voltage
6.2 Rated frequency

TABLE A-2
Most Recent Calibration (Section 4)

Section Measure Data

4.1 Temperature measurement
4.2 Electrical measurement
4.3 Time measurement

TABLE A-3
Energy Consumption Test (Section 7) at 90°F Ambient Temperature

Section Measure Data

7.2.2.3 (a) Average ambient temperature
7.2.2.3 (b) Average relative humidity
7.2.2.3 (c) Average beverage temperature
7.2.2.3 (d) Energy consumed during test (kWh)
7.2.2.3 (e) Average input voltage
7.2.2.3 (f) Duration of test (hours)
7.2.3.1 Energy consumed per 24-hour day (kWh)
7.2.3.2 Rated energy consumption per unit capacity (kWh per day)

TABLE A-4
Energy Consumption Test (Section 7) at 75°F Ambient Temperature

Section Measure Data

7.2.2.3 (a) Average ambient temperature
7.2.2.3 (b) Average relative humidity
7.2.2.3 (c) Average beverage temperature
7.2.2.3 (d) Energy consumed during test (kWh)
7.2.2.3 (e) Average input voltage
7.2.2.3 (f) Duration of test (hours)
7.2.3.1 Energy consumed per 24-hour day (kWh)
7.2.3.2 Rated energy consumption per unit capacity (kWh per day)

ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 32.1-2004 5

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TABLE A-5
Vend Test (Section 7.3)

Section Measure Data

7.3.1 Average ambient temperature
7.3.1 Average relative humidity
7.3.1 Average reloaded product temperature
7.3.1 Average beverage temperature
7.3.2.3 Door opening duration (minutes)
7.3.2.4 Vending duration (minutes)
7.3.2.5 Number of cans, bottles, or special packages vended
7.3.2.6 Temperature of each product vended

TABLE A-6
Recovery Test (Section 7.4)

Section Measure Data

7.4.1 Average ambient temperature
7.4.1 Average relative humidity
7.4.1 Average reloaded product temperature
7.4.1 Average final beverage temperature
7.4.2.3 Door-open time
7.4.2.5 Recovery time (minutes)
7.4.2.5 Elapsed time (minutes)

(This appendix is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain requirements necessary for con-
formance to the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI requirements for a standard and may contain
material that has not been subject to public review or a consensus process.)
Appendix B
Energy Consumption Test
Under Tropical Conditions

Users of this standard who wish to measure the energy consumption of a vending machine under extreme temperature condi-
tions are recommended to follow the procedures described in Section 7.2 except with the ambient temperature conditions spec-
ified in Table 1 changed to 105±2°F (40.6±1°C).

6 ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 32.1-2004

 POLICY STATEMENT DEFINING ASHRAE’S CONCERN
FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ITS ACTIVITIES

ASHRAE is concerned with the impact of its members’ activities on both the indoor and outdoor environment. ASHRAE’s
members will strive to minimize any possible deleterious effect on the indoor and outdoor environment of the systems and
components in their responsibility while maximizing the beneficial effects these systems provide, consistent with accepted
standards and the practical state of the art.
ASHRAE’s short-range goal is to ensure that the systems and components within its scope do not impact the indoor and
outdoor environment to a greater extent than specified by the standards and guidelines as established by itself and other
responsible bodies.
As an ongoing goal, ASHRAE will, through its Standards Committee and extensive technical committee structure,
continue to generate up-to-date standards and guidelines where appropriate and adopt, recommend, and promote those new
and revised standards developed by other responsible organizations.
Through its Handbook, appropriate chapters will contain up-to-date standards and design considerations as the material is
systematically revised.
ASHRAE will take the lead with respect to dissemination of environmental information of its primary interest and will seek
out and disseminate information from other responsible organizations that is pertinent, as guides to updating standards and
guidelines.
The effects of the design and selection of equipment and systems will be considered within the scope of the system’s
intended use and expected misuse. The disposal of hazardous materials, if any, will also be considered.
ASHRAE’s primary concern for environmental impact will be at the site where equipment within ASHRAE’s scope
operates. However, energy source selection and the possible environmental impact due to the energy source and energy
transportation will be considered where possible. Recommendations concerning energy source selection should be made by
its members.
86065
PC 12/04