Name: Novianto Dwi Putra

NIM: 16319031

Chapter 9
Citation and Referencing

Citation is a reference to a published or unpublished source. Usually it’s written to tell the readers
that we take a source from the other reference.

➢ Writing bibliography based on Harvard’s APA Style.

Writing bibliography based on APA (American Psychological Association) is how to make a
bibliography like Harvard’s format. The characteristics of APA style are:
1. The date of publication is written after writer’s name (-name)
2. Reference inside the writing is referring to the item in bibliography by writing the surname of the
writer followed by publishing date (written between brackets)
3. sequence of bibliography is based on writers’ surname, if a reference doesn’t have any writer’s
name then the title of the references is used to order the name.
4. The bibliography is not divided by the type of references for the example, books, journal, etc.
5. Title of reference is written with italic. If it’s handwritten, the title must be underlined.

Based on type of reference, this is how to write the bibliography with APA style:

a. Book
The patterns of this type are:
Surname, initial. (year of publicizing). title of book (edition, if the edition is more than one).
the place where it was publicized: publisher.

Pay attention on how it must be written. it must be written italic with using capital alphabet
based on word writing standard. The maximum amount of writer’s name can be joined is six,
if more than six just write as et al. example:
1. Bray, J., & Sturman, C. (2001). Bluetooth: Connect without wires. Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall.
2. Forouzan, B.A., & Fegan, S.C. (2007). Data communications and networking (4th ed.).
New York: McGraw-Hill.

If the editor more than one:

3. Forouzan, B.A., & Fegan, S.C. (2007). Data communications and networking (4th ed.).
New York: McGraw-Hill.
b. Website
The pattern of this type is:

Writer’s surname, Initial. (year of the website made or publication of document). Title of
document. Retrieved from source sites.
The other rules:
1. If there are no dates then write n.d.
2. And if there are no writers’ name, the name of organizations can be used as writer
3. If there are really no name of writer, use the title as beginning
4. If the document is a part of big web site, write the name of organization and departemen
followed by character: and the website.
Example:
1. Banks, I. (n.d.). The NHS Direct healthcare guide. Retrieved from
http://www.healthcareguide.nhsdirect.nhs.uk
2. Alexander, J., & Tate, M. A. (2001). Evaluating web resources. Retrieved from
Widener University, Wolfgram Memorial Library website:
http://www2.widener.edu/Wolfgram-Memorial-Library/webevaluation/webeval.htm