1.

Introduction
Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study and application of knowledge about how
people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. OB study is conducted by a system
approach. That is, it interprets people-organization relationships in terms of the whole person,
whole group, whole organization, and whole social system. Its purpose is to build better
relationships by achieving human objectives, organizational objectives, and social objectives.
As we can see from the definition above, organizational behavior encompasses a wide range of
topics, such as human behavior, change, leadership, teams, etc.
The wide range of organization includes the administration of country or nation that has
well defined organizational structure. This paper will focus on the OB of the political leaders
who are the vital element of government administration. The study will include some leaders of
United States of America and Bangladesh, and will present a comparison of Behavioral Study of
the leaders of two countries.

1.1 Back ground of the study

The organization's base rests on management's philosophy, values, vision and goals. This
in turn drives the organizational culture which is composed of the formal organization, informal
organization, and the social environment. The culture determines the type of leadership,
communication, and group dynamics within the organization and outside of the organization.
The workers perceive this as the quality of work life which directs their degree of motivation.
The final outcomes are performance, individual satisfaction, and personal growth and
development. All these elements combine to build the model or framework that the organization
operates from.
We as Bangladeshi pretty much experienced the autocratic model of government in
Bangladesh for a significant time period. The custodial or the supportive model does not really
apply the philosophy in the government administration. The collegial may reflect the philosophy
of the democratic government system to some extend.
It is very much emphasized on the study of the nature and behavior of the political leader
of Bangladesh and making a comparison of their behavior to the behavior of some developed
country, especially USA. We, the Bangladeshi need to clarify our perception in regards to our
political leaders and make the deepest awareness among ourselves, and I believe only the
educated awareness will eventually stop us from getting abused and exploited by our so called
leaders.

1.2 Rationale of the study

Culture plays a very important role on the individual perception, attitude and behavior.
And a social system is a complex set of human relationships interacting in many ways. Within a
nation, the social system includes all the people in it and their relationships to each other and to
the outside world. A socio-economic system largely determines how people within a nation
interact as an individual, or as group or as an organization and the inter-people, inter-
organization interaction play a significant role in the national development. The behavior of one
member can have an impact, either directly or indirectly, on the behavior of others. Also, the
social system does not have boundaries; it exchanges goods, ideas, culture, etc. with the
environment around it. Looking into the study of the world leaders of past and current, it is

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obviously understood, how some the leaders devastated the world to the extreme, or some
leaders sacrificed their lives for the their country, for the world as well.

Since the birth of Bangladesh, the Organizational Development of the country has been
done in very unsystematic manner. I would blame two reasons behind. Number one reason is
education, and number two reason is extreme lacking of moral values.
As a new born country – Bangladesh, with majority Muslims people, the literacy rate was
significantly low and alarming. In the undivided India, during British ruling the Muslims people
kind of boycotted the English education system. Almost all Muslim people went to Islamic
school – Madrasa. During the Pakistan ruling, it was same sort of scenario. The Muslim Bengali
people did not get chance either for higher education or high official job. Analyzing the history
of education background of Muslim Bengali, it may be concluded that Muslim Bengali people
started the modern education right after independence in 1971. Now question – was not the
Bengali Muslim educated by Islamic philosophy competent enough for developing
administration system that would develop the infrastructure, education system, industrial system
in the country. The answer is ‘no’, and reason is that the Islamic education was absolutely
misinterpreted. More over The Holy Quran gives only the philosophical guidelines for a better
life both worldly and departed life. But in order to get the good out of the Quran, we need to
interpret the philosophy of it correctly and use the philosophy with modern science.
Bangladesh, as a new born country, started its journey in 1971 toward the organizational
development with illiterate population in majority and very few educated people. Majority of the
educated people were also in collaboration with Pakistan administration. So the government did
not have enough scientists, intellectuals, who could guide government through a development
process, that could have a systematic approach of scientific management using the result of the
studies of organizational behavioral elements like Humanistic Values, Systems Orientation,
Experiential Learning, Problem Solving, Contingency Orientation, Change Agent, and Levels of
Interventions.

1.3 Objectives of the study

In order to be able to implement the principles behind any organizational behavior, one
needs to understand how it will help the organization, and what are the goals that the
organization hopes to achieve by doing this. In this case, we need to understand how the
comparison study will help us to understand different behavior of our leaders, and how can we
implement a strategy that will counter the negative attitude of our leaders and thereby introduce a
philosophy that would good for the country.
Among the many objectives that any organization aims for when implementing these
principles, here are some of them:
Understand how to develop good leaders: Organizational behavior patterns help in
predicting who among the employees have the potential to become leaders. They also teach us
how to mold these employees so that their leadership potential is utilized to its fullest. Well the
government of Bangladesh as an administrator of the country does not really develop leaders for
country. In fact there is no country in the world that has a formal program of developing leaders.
But the government as an organization is the management of the country. This management must
introduce an education system best fit for the country, which will develop a culture favorable to
developing leaders dedicated for the country.
Develop a good team: An organization is only as good as the weakest member of its team.
It is essential that all members of the team work in coordination and are motivated to work
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together to achieve the best results. The teamwork theories of organizational behavior are an
essential tool in the hands of any manager. Like a team, our leaders are very organized under the
banner of the party and carry out the activities those could be well defined as only organized
crime. As an essential tool, the leaders are very much well coordinated and communicated within
their party and they practically maintain the same strategy of exploiting the nation. The result of
this study may give hints of the behavior of these leaders.

1.4 Limitations of the study

The most significant limitation of the study “Comparison study of the behavior of the
political leaders of Bangladesh and United States of America” is to interview the leaders. It was
absolutely impossible to interview the US leaders. That is why interviews given by the leaders to
US media were collected from different sources especially from internet are used in this paper.
The interviews of the Bangladesh leaders were also gathered from internet & newspapers. Only
one survey is conducted in person.
The behavior pattern of the leaders does not really fall into the behavioral pattern of
organization. But the nature of the behavior of leaders and understanding of their behavior
follows the same philosophy of organizational behavior.
The study is a recommendation only; it does not really provide any effective solution.

2. Research Methodology
The methodology used in this report is the sequential steps of data collection, data
tabulation, and data analysis and data presentation. As the subject of this term paper is not
subject to a statistical analysis, the information collected is not tabulated in a numerical format.
A mini survey was conducted on 20 individuals of Bangladesh. The data is presented in
preceding section. In the attachment section interviews of political leaders of Bangladesh and
USA are included for conceptual purpose. The interviews give only an idea regarding perception
of those leaders, rather giving us any comparison analysis.

2.1 Data Collection

The following data was collected by the following method
Interviewing 20 people during the process of the term paper preparation
Recollecting information of informal discussion with several people in the past and converting
that information into data format.

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2.2 Data Tabulation

2.2.1 Survey on Behavior of the politician of Bangladesh

The survey conducted on 20 respondents

Questionnaire and responses

Extremely Extremely
Poor/low Average High
Poor/low High
Ethics level of Bangladeshi politician 70% 10% 10% 5%
Patriotism of the Bangladeshi politician 50% 10% 30% 10%
Corruption level of the Bangladeshi politician 10% 30% 10% 50%
The above responses are the percent of total respondents
Bangladeshi politician will sale our country for sake of
Agree 60% Disagree 40%
their personal interest
The Politician of Bangladesh are insane Agree 30% Disagree 70%
The leaders realize the consequence of the Hartal Agree 30% Disagree 70%
The leader are religious Agree 30% Disagree 70%
The leader use religion as political tools Agree 80% Disagree 20%
The leader have fear of the Almighty Agree 30% Disagree 70%
The politician take bribe Agree 80% Disagree 20%
As a head of administration, the current Prime Minister has
Agree 30% Disagree 70%
the sufficient knowledge to run the government
As a head of administration, the previous Prime Minister
Agree 10% Disagree 90%
has the sufficient knowledge to run the government
What would be biggest problem of Bangladesh seems to be
in consideration of political leaders?
a) Population 10%
c) Corruption 20%
d) Energy 30%
e) Law and order 10%
g) Water 5%
h) Education 5%
g) Financial Fund 20%
What reason do you think behind the corruption of the Personal
Culture 10% 80% Education 10%
leaders? nature

Present government is capable to solve the Energy Crisis Agree 30% Disagree 70%

Present government is capable to solve the maritime

Agree 30% Disagree 70%
problem with India and Myanmar

The politicians have something to do with not finding the

Agree 30% Disagree 70%
gas reserve in the boarder area with India

Our ultimate problem is India rather the corruption of the

Agree 40% Disagree 60%
Political leaders.

Most of leaders get a big chunk of money collected from

Agree 80% Disagree 20%
the "Chada Baji"

The top level ministers get commission from high volume

Agree 80% Disagree 20%
government contract.

A proper education system will bring a cultural change in

the country and that will eventually change the behavior of Agree 40% Disagree 60%
the political leaders in the long run

You have respect for political leaders Agree 90% Disagree 10%

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2.2.2 Survey on Behavior of the politician of USA
The survey is based on the information recollected from the discussion with several
Individuals in USA in the past.

Questionnaire and responses

Extremely Poor/low Average High Extremely

Poor/low High
Ethics level of USA politician 10% 10% 50% 30%
Patriotism of the USA politician 10% 20% 30% 40%
Corruption level of the USA politician 10% 30% 10% 50%
The above responses are the percent of total respondents
USA politician will sale their country for the sake of their
Agree 10% Disagree 90%
personal interest
The Politician of USA are insane Agree 10% Disagree 90%
The leaders realize the consequence of invasion Agree 30% Disagree 70%
The leader are religious Agree 70% Disagree 30%
The leader use religion as political tools Agree 20% Disagree 80%
The leader have fear of the Almighty Agree 60% Disagree 40%
The politician take bribe Agree 10% Disagree 90%

As a head of administration, the current President has the

Agree 60% Disagree 40%
sufficient knowledge to run the government
As a head of administration, the previous President had
Agree 40% Disagree 60%
the sufficient knowledge to run the government

What would be biggest problem of US seems to be in

consideration of political leaders?
a) Global military control 50%
c) Corruption 10%
d) Energy 10%
e) Economy effected by outsourcing 30%

What reason do you think behind the corruption of the Personal Political
Culture 10% 20% 70%
leaders? nature power
Present government is capable to solve the Middle East
Agree 30% Disagree 70%
Crisis

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2.3 Data Analysis
The analysis of the data presented above focuses mainly on the corruptions of the leaders.
The outcome of the behavior of the leaders ends up to corruption. Behavior is nature of an
individual that is developed with the influence of culture & climate, the outcome of the behavior
& attitude is how an individual acts. And the way the leaders act is a result of cumulative
corruptions. So discussion regarding behavior of the leaders is basically a discussion about their
corruptions.
Focusing on the data presented above we can seen the general people of Bangladesh do
not have any faith or respect on the leaders of the country. On the other hand US citizens have
more respect and faith in the US leaders. Does it necessarily mean that US politicians are less
corrupted than that of ours? In my consideration, I do not think that the US leaders are any way
less corrupted than the leaders of Bangladesh. I think they just conduct corrupted activities in a
smatter way than others. This white people have been controlling the world for last several
centuries either by force or by intelligence.
The administration of developed countries have a very strong control over the population
by just providing them all the basic needs to a level that mass people do not really understand
that they are being deprived. So general people not only, do not do any thing against the leaders,
they even can not think of any thing against their leaders. On the other hand our leaders of
Bangladesh are also corrupted, corrupted in a less smart way that they do not even care to meets
our basic needs and we are also little more politically concerned than the US people, so we can
kind of understand the nature and behavioral pattern of our leaders.
In above data we can see that the general people of USA are pretty much in favor of US
politician’s policy. On the other hand here in Bangladesh we are kind of always against the
government. The leaders of the Bangladesh have completely lost faith, respect and trust of
general people. It is only because of the way the corruption is spreading its root in all level of
political group.

The most inhuman crime that USA committed is Iraq invasion and even the 9/11 plotting.
There are several group in USA and other countries, who believe that 9/11 was designed and
engineer by USA in order to create reason to attack Afghanistan and Iraq. And we all know what
America did in Afghanistan and in Iraq and in Guantanamo. US killed thousands of innocent
people in Iraq in the name establishing democracy in that country, where people do not have
freedom of speech in USA. It is dam USA where hippocracy control the administration in the
name of democracy.

US film maker Michael Moore made a documentary “Fahrenheit 9/11” which talks all
inside about those conspiracy and plotting. And there is also a well know organization
“Democracy Now”, who made several documentary regarding the 9/11 attack. This organization
collected extensive evidence and proved that actually US government was the mastermind of the
9/11 plotting.

3. Profile of the Organization (Country Profile)

3.1 Country profile: Bangladesh

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 People’s Republic of Bangladesh is administered by a Parliamentary Government System.
The parliament has total 300 parliamentary members who elected through direct vote cast by the
voters. Voters are the citizens of Bangladesh who are at the age of 18 & above at the time of
voter list is prepared. Please note here Bangladesh Election Commission implemented
computerized voter list system and issued photo voter ID during the last Caretaker government in
the year of 2007 to 2009.
Besides the 300 elected parliament seats, there are 45 parliamentary seats exclusively
reserved for women and they are elected by the aforesaid members of the parliament.

The Prime Minister is usually the head of the ruling party who gets the majority seats in
the parliament through election. The Prime minister is designated as head of the government.
And president, the head of the state is appointed by the ruling party. The president has the
jurisdiction and authority over the parliament.

Like any other developing countries, there are many political parties in Bangladesh.
Some major parties are Bangladesh - Bangladesh Awami League, Bangladesh Nationalist Party,
Bangladesh Jatia Party, Jamaat – e- Islami, Bangladesh communist Party, Citizens Forum,
Liberal Democratic Party (Bangladesh) etc. Among the above, Awami league and BNP have
been in the power alternately since 1991.

Bangladesh is extremely vulnerable to natural disaster, like flood, cyclone, droughts etc.
But with several long term plans Bangladesh is over coming the damages caused by the natural
calamities. With dam built in different region, Bangladesh Agricultural department, Water

7
Development and Rural development Board has converted lot of long time flooded land into
farm land. Water retain retains rain water & flood water for irrigation in the droughts areas.
Bangladesh government, several NGOs and foreign aid organizations work in the costal area for
protecting the costal inhabitant from cyclone, flood and other natural disasters.

The population of Bangladesh as of July 2010 is 158,065,841. The literacy rate is as

below.

Definition: age 15 and over can read and write

Total population: 47.9%
Male: 54%

Bangladesh is one most thickly populated country. But as the literacy rate is moving up with a
very satisfactory rate, the population is turning to be a productive Human Resource.

The regional problem Bangladesh is facing is the ocean boundary with India and Myanmar.
Bangladesh has taken this issue to United Nation for arbitration.

Outlook and trend on economic circumstance in Bangladesh.

Economy - Overview

The economy has grown 5-6% per year since 1996. More than half of GDP is generated through
the service sector; about 45% of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector, with rice as
the single-most-important product. Bangladesh's growth was resilient during the 2008-09 global
financial crisis and recession. Garment exports, totaling $12.3 billion in FY09 and remittances
from overseas Bangladeshis totaling $9.7 billion in FY09 accounted for almost 25% of GDP.

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)

$242.4 billion (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 47
$229.5 billion (2008 est.)
$216.5 billion (2007 est.)
note: data are in 2009 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate)

$93.2 billion (2009 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

5.6% (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 18
6% (2008 est.)
6.2% (2007 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$1,600 (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 193
$1,500 (2008 est.)
$1,400 (2007 est.)

8
note: data are in 2009 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector:

Agriculture: 18.7%
Industry: 28.7%
Industry: 28.7%
Services: 52.6% (2009 est.)

Labor force:
72.5 million
Country comparison to the world: 8

Labor force - by occupation:

Agriculture: 45%

Industry: 30%

Investment (gross fixed):

23.7% of GDP (2009 est.)

Country comparison to the world: 51
Budget:
Revenues: $11.4 billion
Expenditures: $16.3 billion (2010 est.)
3.2 Country Profile: United States of America

Britain's American colonies broke with the mother country in 1776 and were recognized
as the new nation of the United States of America following the Treaty of Paris in 1783. During
the 19th and 20th centuries, 37 new states were added to the original 13 as the nation expanded
across the North American continent and acquired a number of overseas possessions. The two

9
most traumatic experiences in the nation's history were the Civil War (1861-65), in which a
northern Union of states defeated a secessionist Confederacy of 11 southern slave states, and the
Great Depression of the 1930s, an economic downturn during which about a quarter of the labor
force lost its jobs. Buoyed by victories in World Wars I and II and the end of the Cold War in
1991, the US remains the world's most powerful nation state. Over a span of more than five
decades, the economy has achieved steady growth, low unemployment and inflation, and rapid
advances in technology.

Area
Total: 9,826,675 sq km
Country comparison to the world: 3
Land: 9,161,966 sq km
Water: 664,709 sq km
note: includes only the 50 states and District of Columbia

Natural Resources
Coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel,
potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber
note: the US has the world's largest coal reserves with 491 billion short tons accounting for 27%
of the world's total

Population
310,232,863 (July 2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 3
Age Structure
0-14 years: 20.2% (male 31,639,127/female 30,305,704)
15-64 years: 67% (male 102,665,043/female 103,129,321)
65 years and over: 12.8% (male 16,901,232/female 22,571,696) (2010 est.)

Population Growth Rate

0.97% (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 121

Birth Rate
13.83 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 151

Death Rate:
8.38 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 91

Net Migration rate:

4.25 migrant(s)/1,000 populations (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 22

Ethnic Groups:
white 79.96%, black 12.85%, Asian 4.43%, Amerindian and Alaska native 0.97%, native
Hawaiian and other Pacific islander 0.18%, two or more races 1.61% (July 2007 estimate)

10
note: a separate listing for Hispanic is not included because the US Census Bureau considers
Hispanic to mean persons of Spanish/Hispanic/Latino origin including those of Mexican, Cuban,
Puerto Rican, Dominican Republic, Spanish, and Central or South American origin living in the
US who may be of any race or ethnic group (white, black, Asian, etc.); about 15.1% of the total
US population is Hispanic

Government type
Constitution-based federal republic; strong democratic tradition

Capital:
Name: Washington, DC
Geographic coordinates: 38 53 N, 77 02 W
Time difference: UTC-5 (during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November
note: the 50 United States cover six time zones

Administrative divisions
50 states and 1 district*; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut,
Delaware, District of Columbia*, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,
Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota,
Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico,
New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,
South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West
Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming

Legal system:
Federal court system based on English common law; each state has its own unique legal system
of which all but one (Louisiana, which is still influenced by the Napoleonic Code) is based on
English common law; judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

Executive branch:
Chief of state: President Barack H. OBAMA (since 20 January 2009); Vice President Joseph R.
BIDEN (since 20 January 2009); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of
government
Head of government: President Barack H. OBAMA (since 20 January 2009); Vice President
Joseph BIDEN (since 20 January 2009)
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with Senate approval

elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by a college of representatives
who are elected directly from each state; president and vice president serve four-year terms
(eligible for a second term); election last held 4 November 2008 (next to be held on 6 November
2012)
election results: Barack H. OBAMA elected president; percent of popular vote - Barack H.
OBAMA 52.4%, John MCCAIN 46.3%, other 1.3%;
Legislative branch:
Bicameral Congress consists of the Senate (100 seats, 2 members elected from each state by
popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the House of
Representatives (435 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms)

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Elections: Senate - last held on 2 November 2010 (next to be held in November 2012); House of
Representatives - last held on 2 November 2010 (next to be held in November 2012)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 51,
Republican Party 47, independent 2; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA;
seats by party - Democratic Party 192, Republican Party 243

Economy - overview:
The US has the largest and most technologically powerful economy in the world, with a
per capita GDP of $46,400. In this market-oriented economy, private individuals and business
firms make most of the decisions, and the federal and state governments buy needed goods and
services predominantly in the private marketplace. US business firms enjoy greater flexibility
than their counterparts in Western Europe and Japan in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay
off surplus workers, and to develop new products. At the same time, they face higher barriers to
enter their rivals' home markets than foreign firms face entering US markets. US firms are at or
near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers and in medical, aerospace,
and military equipment; their advantage has narrowed since the end of World War II. The onrush
of technology largely explains the gradual development of a "two-tier labor market" in which
those at the bottom lack the education and the professional/technical skills of those at the top and,
more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other benefits.
Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20% of
households. The war in March-April 2003 between a US-led coalition and Iraq, and the
subsequent occupation of Iraq, required major shifts in national resources to the military. Soaring
oil prices between 2005 and the first half of 2008 threatened inflation and unemployment, as
higher gasoline prices ate into consumers' budgets. Imported oil accounts for about two-thirds of
US consumption. Long-term problems include inadequate investment in economic infrastructure,
rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an aging population, sizable trade and budget deficits,
and stagnation of family income in the lower economic groups. The merchandise trade deficit
reached a record $840 billion in 2008 before shrinking to $450 billion in 2009. The global
economic downturn, the sub-prime mortgage crisis, investment bank failures, falling home prices,
and tight credit pushed the United States into a recession by mid-2008. GDP contracted until the
third quarter of 2009, making this the deepest and longest downturn since the Great Depression.
To help stabilize financial markets, the US Congress established a $700 billion Troubled Asset
Relief Program (TARP) in October 2008. The government used some of these funds to purchase
equity in US banks and other industrial corporations. In January 2009 the US Congress passed
and President Barack OBAMA signed a bill providing an additional $787 billion fiscal stimulus
to be used over 10 years - two-thirds on additional spending and one-third on tax cuts - to create
jobs and to help the economy recover. Approximately two-thirds of these funds will have been
injected into the economy by the end of 2010. In March 2010, President OBAMA signed a health
insurance reform bill into law that will extend coverage to an additional 32 million American
citizens by 2016, through private health insurance for the general population and Medicaid for
the impoverished. In July 2010, the president signed the DODD-FRANK Wall Street Reform
and Consumer Protection Act, a bill designed to promote financial stability by protecting
consumers from financial abuses, ending taxpayer bailouts of financial firms, dealing with
troubled banks that are "too big to fail," and improving accountability and transparency in the
financial system - in particular, by requiring certain financial derivatives to be traded in markets
that are subject to government regulation and oversight.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$14.14 trillion (2009 est.)

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Country comparison to the world: 2
$14.52 trillion (2008 est.)
$14.52 trillion (2007 est.)
note: data are in 2009 US dollars

Labor force:
154.2 million
Country comparison to the world: 4
note: includes unemployed (2009)

Unemployment rate
9.3% (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 110
5.8% (2008 est.)

Budget:
Revenues: $2.104 trillion
Expenditures: $3.52 trillion (2009 est.)
Agriculture - products:
Wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish;
forest products

Industries:
Leading industrial power in the world, highly diversified and technologically advanced;
petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food
processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining

Exports:
$1.046 trillion (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 4
$1.277 trillion (2008 est.)

Exports - commodities:
Agricultural products (soybeans, fruit, corn) 9.2%, industrial supplies (organic chemicals) 26.8%,
capital goods (transistors, aircraft, motor vehicle parts, computers, telecommunications
equipment) 49.0%, consumer goods (automobiles, medicines) 15.0%

Imports:
$1.563 trillion (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 2
$2.117 trillion (2008 est.)

Imports - commodities:

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Agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4%
(computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power
machinery), consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines, furniture, toys)

4. Finding and Analysis

4.1 Management Behavior

There are different model of leadership and application of those model are very
questionable in case of our leaders. If we analyze the past history of our leaders and try
developing a trend of their behavior, we will just get frustrated to the extreme.

In an attempt to put the leaders in the following leadership framework, we see our leaders
do not fall into any category.

Structural Framework

In an effective leadership situation, the leader is a social architect whose leadership style
is analysis and design. While in an ineffective leadership situation, the leader is a petty tyrant
whose leadership style is details. Structural Leaders focus on structure, strategy, environment,
implementation, experimentation, and adaptation.

Now Question: are our leaders the social architect.

Answers: We are very much unfortunate that we do have any leader that we can have a
dream about, who will come with vision for nation with prosperity and growth. We analyze the
background of these leaders, we find that most them come with a violent background from the
educational period or from a locality where the leaders have been actively involved with all kind
of violence and corruption, murder, looting and chanda baji.

4.2 Causes of such behavior

There are two distinct forces that dictate how individual acts within an organization i.e. a
country. The forces are: culture and climate.
Each country has its own distinctive culture. It is a combination of the founders, past
leadership, current leadership, crises, events, history, and size. These results in rites: the routines,
rituals, and the "way we do things." These rites impact individual behavior on what it takes to be
in good standing (the norm) and directs the appropriate behavior for each circumstance.

The climate is the feel of the country, the individual and shared perceptions and attitudes
of the organization's members or the citizens of the country. While the culture is the deeply
rooted nature of the country that is a result of long-held formal and informal systems, rules,
traditions, and customs; climate is a short-term phenomenon created by the current leadership.
Climate represents the beliefs about the "feel of the country" by its citizen. This individual
perception of the "feel of the country" comes from what the people believe about the activities
that occur in the nation. These activities influence both individual and team motivation and
satisfaction.
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4.3 Factors contributing such behavior

Culture and climate have a very intense influence on the behavior of our leaders. As this
subcontinent was ruled by the invaders for a long time, the culture of this region was extremely
influenced by the culture of the invader. Especially the British ruler, as they ruled our country for
more than 200 hundred years, they engineered and implanted a culture that would be very much
instrumental for them to run, rule and exploit this region. They successfully created a group that
was helping them to suck up this country as much as they could. In long run descended of that
group, extended their generation into different position of the areas, business, education, politics,
policy making etc. So it means this reason has been administered by the individuals who are
corrupted, dishonest and money sucking monster.
Education is one of important factor that largely determine the culture of society and
significantly dictates how an individual behaves. The education system that was designed by the
British ruler had an objective to create a servant workforce for the British ruler. And this system
did not change for long time. We that education system, the Indian subcontinent did not learn
either the science or the administration. More over the Muslims of the subcontinent literarily
boycotted the English education due to religious belief. When the subcontinent divided and we
the Muslims got our own country, we did not have an educated administration. On the other hand
the Hindu people of India did not boycott the education. The Hindus served the English more
than any one and they learned the administration, science and military. And as an independent
country, India is developing faster than Bangladesh or Pakistan.

And talking about Awami League and BNP, we will never reach the end of the discussion.
We have been seeing how these two parties either running the government or acting when they
are in opposition. Our leaders neither have the leadership nor the behavior that we can define in
any standard format.

4.4 Status and behavior

Corruption is a universal phenomenon. It is not something new either. Corruption in one

form or another existed since time immemorial. A review of penal codes utilized in various
ancient civilizations clearly demonstrate that bribery was a serious problem among the Jews, the
Chinese, the Japanese, the Greeks, and the Romans. There was almost regular and systematic
corruption involving almost all officials at different levels in the political and administrative
hierarchy.
Corruption is the one most significant outcome of individual behavior. As the behavior
pattern of the leaders differs from country to country, so does the pattern of the corruption. We
find very few leaders of any country who are not corrupted. Well as the corruption pattern varies,
so the level of the corruption varies.

Corruption at the highest levels distorts competition so denying the public access to the
competitive marketplace. It induces wrong decisions resulting in: wrong projects, wrong prices,
wrong contractors, substandard delivery to recoup overpricing, promotes corruption at lower
levels and eroded public confidence in leaders. At lower levels, petty corruptions are damaging
because they add to transaction costs, exclude those who cannot pay, foster contempt for public
servants amongst public and erode capacity for revenue collection" (Pope, 1996:23).
There are still other reasons as to why now corruption is receiving serious attention.

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 Given the presence of three crucial variables - committed political leadership, reoriented
bureaucracy and an organized and vocal civil society - other policy measures need to be adopted
to effectively contain as well as control corruption. What is proposed below are a number of
long-term and short-term policy measures placed in wider socio-political and economic contexts
to control corruption.

5. Conclusion and Suggestion

5.1 Conclusion

The behavior of leaders is also subjected to climate and culture of a society. The behavior
which leaders practice today, has been developed over the years, the time will change it over the
years too. But we can just simply depend on the time to have our leaders changed. There should
be implanted system in the society that will change the nature of our leaders, which will change
the behavior of general people. Only a positive attitude that contributes to the development of
nation can change our society. Our leaders our corrupted, so our whole society as many claim.
But corruption is done in our country in individual level. Other than in some very specific areas,
the corruption in our country has not been institulized. In our country the crime against the
nation is not really organized in team level, it is most of the cases in individual level. But in most
of developed countries, the corruption and crime are committed in a very organized way in a
team level within the government. For instance, the crimes committed by India, which are
gradually destroying our country, are done by the Indian government in a very organized way. I
must tell you what crime India is committing. These crimes are: different dams built on different
rivers following from India, following through Bangladesh into Bay of Bengal. India built dams
on total 38 rivers out of 52 rivers following from India into Bangladesh. And we all know the
consequence of those dams. India also creating an extreme obstacle in the Bay of Bengal which
is stopping us from getting into our maritime area for Oil & Gas exploration.

The most powerful country in the World is now USA. In the international politics and
power war, America conducts very organized crime in government level. In case Iraq, just to
retain control over the oil reserve of middle east, the dirty game America played killed thousands
of innocent people irrespective of age, sex, military or civilian. And America talked about
Democracy. And there were not single people in America who came forward and talked against
the aggression of USA.

5.2 Suggestions

The basic quality of the leaders are ethics, belief, values, skills, traits, honesty, competent,
farsightness, inspiring, intelligent, fair minded, broad minded, courageous, straightforward,
imaginative, innovative, creative. All the above characteristics are pretty much absent in our
leaders. How do we develop these characteristics in our leaders? Well this is something that we
can not do over night. As a nation, we need to educate ourselves first, only the education will
change the culture that we have been in practice for long time. Once the culture will start
changing to a reformation that will have a positive attitude for betterment of individuals and for
the nation, only than we will have our dream leaders. Some time leaders are got gifted, and some
time leaders are created by environment, culture and by people. We never been got lucky enough
to have a leader that would move the country towards prosperity. So we need generate our

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leaders and get united, fight against devil and build our dream nation without corruption and
neighboring country’s conspiracy.

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REFERENCES

1. Bangladesh: Development Strategies for 1990s. Vol.2, Dhaka: University Publishers

Limited (UPL), pp.389-407. Alam, M.S. (1996). "Corruption in Administration" (in
Bangla), Bangla Bazar Patrika (a vernacular daily newspaper) January 28 and 29.

2. Gould, D.J. (1980). Bureaucratic Corruption and Underdevelopment in the Third

World:

3. Khan, M.M. (1979). Administrative Reform in Bangladesh. New Delhi: South Asian.

4. Behavior and Poverty in Bangladesh. Dhaka: UPL. Maniruzzaman, T. (1982). Group

Interests and Political Changes: Studies of Pakistan and Bangladesh. New Delhi:
South Asian.
5. Siddiquee, N.A. (1997). Decentralization and Development Theory and Practice in
Bangladesh. Dhaka: University of Dhaka.
6. CIA Facts Book:
7. Principle of Management
8. Organizational Behavior:
9. Google
10. Wikipedia
11. Yahoo

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