Lubrication System

Technical Training
Lubrication System
1: Oil strainer
2: Oil pump
3: Safety valve
4: Oil cooler
5: Oil cleaner
6: Relief valve
7: Oil filter and by-pass valve
8: Piston cooling valve
9: Oil pressure sensor
A: Oil to bearings, turbocharger and for 9
litre engine also balance shaft unit
B: Oil to piston cooling nozzles
D: Oil filter housing/Oil cooler housing
E: Oil cleaner housing

Technical Training
Lubrication System
1 Oil sump
2 Pump
3 Safety valve opens at 9.5 bar

4 Oil cooler

5 Some to the oil cleaner

6 Relief valve which

regulates the pressure
7 Filter
8 Main oil way
camshaft bearings, crankshaft main
bearing and balancer shaft

Oil is sprayed up under the piston

The piston cooling valve opens at 1.7-2.2 bar.

Technical Training
 Lubrication System Oil filter

Overflow valve

1
Oil cooler 2

1 Coolant temperature sensor

Resistance at 20 ºC is 2419 ± 85 Ω.

Centrifugal oil cleaner

2 Oil pressure sensor

Technical Training
 Open crankcase ventilation

1. Intake hose 2. Filter box 3. Bleeding hose 4. Drain hose

Ventilation unit
Crankcase gases

Oil mist is
separated.

Technical Training
 Cooling system

1: Engine
2: Coolant pump
3: Radiator
4: Thermostat
5: Expansion tank
6: Heat exchanger
7: Valve

The cooling system operates at overpressure,

which means that the coolant has a higher boiling point Technical Training
 Cooling system
Thermostat

Thermostat, coolant will just circulate in

the engine so that the engine heats up faster.

1 To the coolant pump

2 From engine
3 By-pass line to the coolant pump
2 2

3
Technical Training
 Cooling system bus/coach
The cap opens when excess pressure reaches 0.75 bar and at vacuum 0,03 to 0,1 bar.

Coolant cap

Booster
pump

Radiator
Bypass

Thermostat
Expansion tank

Return to pump Engine

or radiator decides by Gear box
thermostat

K and N series buses normally have a lower engine

temperature than buses in the 4 series

The normal temperature range should be between 70°C and 90°C.

Technical Training
 Cooling system
0,0 bar 0,9 bar

Intake Keep Relies Expansion tank

pressure pressure pressure

<25°C 25°C-90°C >90°C

When the engine has cooled down after being

driven, a check valve opens to equalise the
pressure difference.
check valve

The expansion tank contains a pressure

control valve that starts to open at 0.7 bar or
0.9 bar depending on the engine type. Level sensor

A safety valve is integrated into the

filler cap on some expansion tanks.
At an overpressure of approximately 1.2 bar,

Technical Training
 Cooling system
Thermostat controlled fan
Fan

As the temperature of the air from the radiator rises, the bimetal springs will begin to
bend outward, the valve will open and more oil passes into the clutch.
This increases the friction in the clutch and the fan will start to rotate with the discs.

Some fan hubs have a

spiral bimetal spring at the front

Higher temperature will relics the centre

to not turn and increase fan speed

Disconnected bimetal will have

max speed ”emergency”

Technical Training
 Cooling system
Electrically controlled fan

Active Not active

This reduces the fuel

consumption. It also enables
the retarder performance
to be utilised more efficiently.

If the electrical contact is broken, Coolant temperature sensor

the fan will run fully engaged to EMS
protect the engine.
Technical Training
 Cooling system
Coolant pump

The task of the coolant pump is circulate engine coolant around the cooling system

Technical Training
 Hydraulic cooling system

Pump: KRL 45D

KRL 30D

Axial Piston Open Circuit Pumps

Technical Training
 Facts on Cooling system
Pump: 1 45 cc/rev, 12 litre engine
2 30 cc/rev, 9 litre engine

• PWM Adjusted
• MAX 180 bar Low 10 bar
• Bypass 210 bar in pump
• Bypass in filter if blocked
• 2 thermostats 75°C and 80°C
• OPC receives info power take of
• Retader can cal for cooling

Technical Training
 Circuit for Hydraulic Fan

Receive Filter
r
PWM Bypass if filter is
EDC blocked
90% PWM = 10 bar
0% PWM = 180 bar

Cooler
Pump

Fan

Technical Training
 PWM Adjusted Pressure
Proportional
valve

EDC

Drain
Proportional valve
Drain

LS

Main
Pressure
in
PC

Adjusting pressure out

Technical Training
On Pump

Proportional valve
Compensato
r EDC
X

Receiver / Filter
Load sense pressure
Drain
System pressure
Servo Pressure
pump Suction side
One way
PWM Signal

Fan Cooler

Technical Training
END Lubrication and Cooling end

Technical Training