Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IV-A Calabarzon
Division of Batangas
District of Ibaan
Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High School – Senior High School
Talaibon, Ibaan, Batangas

PERCEPTION OF THE IBAEÑOS TOWARD THE PROPOSED BIOGAS

DIGESTER

A Research Study
Presented to
The Faculty of Senior High School
Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High School
Talaibon, Ibaan, Batangas

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Academic Strand

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
(STEM)

Blanco, Kent D.
Caringal, Hazel Anne A.
De Castro, Maria Lourdes A.
Dizon, Laarnie Joy V.
Olano, Evelyn L.

Co-Author
Ms. Joy Dee C. Diona

October 2018
 CHAPTER I
The Problem and Its Background

Introduction
Do numbers have meanings?

Do 31,751,466 really mean anything?

Numerology. A study of particular numbers in the belief that they may have special

significance in a person’s life. It is not something based on the idea of neither

numerology nor speculation rather rooted on certainty. Rather than defining numbers it

can preferably be used to define something. Aldrin Plaza, an urban development officer

for the sustainable development and climate change department stated that “currently

about 35,000 tons of municipal solid waste are generated by the Philippines daily’, that is

approximately 31,751,466 kg of waste. Disposing of waste has huge environmental

impacts knowing that the Philippines were inhabited by a number of 106,808,383 that is

equivalent to 1.4% of total world population. People lie, numbers don`t. The Philippines

is facing environmental problems associated with solid waste, a problem that is known

globally. Different countries, ideas and different people behind those ideas have thought

of a solution to the problem. Yet, the problem still remains generations after generations,

year after year. It is a fact that it is inevitable to stop producing waste, but proper

management of waste can provide a leap to end the problem.

Solid waste management is a term that is used to refer to the process of

collecting and treating solid wastes. It also offers solutions for recycling items that do not

belong to garbage or trash. As long as people have been living in settlements and

residential areas, garbage or solid waste has been an issue. Waste management is all

about how solid waste can be changed and used as a valuable resource. Solid waste

management should be embraced by each and every household including the business

owners across the world. Industrialization has brought a lot of good and bad things as
well. One of the negative effects of industrialization is the creation of solid waste. Every

day, tonnes of solid waste are disposed of at various landfill sites. This waste comes

from homes, offices, industries and various other agricultural related activities. It can

pollute the surrounding air and can seriously affect the health of humans, wildlife and the

environment. Due to improper waste disposal systems particularly by Municipal Waste

Management teams, wastes heap up and become a problem. People clean their homes

and places of work and litter their surrounding which affects the environment and the

community. With the idea of reducing solid waste the local government unit of Ibaan has

proposed biogas digester that is expected to lessen the problem in solid waste in the

whole municipality. The researchers then aimed to determine the perception of Ibaenos

towards the proposed biogas digester. The result of the study can be used by the Local

Government of Ibaan as the basis for actualization of the proposed technology.

Statement of the Problem

Generally, the study aimed to determine the perception of Ibaeños toward

the proposed biogas digester.

Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 age;

1.2 sex;

1.3 location; and

1.4 educational attainment?

2. What are the perception of Ibaeños toward the proposed biogas digester in

terms of:
 2.1 cost;

2.2 viability;

2.3 sustainability;

2.4 effectiveness; and

2.5 environmental effects?

3. Is there a significant relationship between the perception and the profile of the

respondents?

4. Based on the results, what action plan can be proposed to further improve and

promote the biogas digester?

Research Hypothesis

Based on the aforementioned problems, the researchers formulated and

tested the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance.

There is no significant relationship between work values, work attitudes,

and work behavior and the profile of the respondents.

Significance of the Study

Students. This study may help the students know the importance and the

benefits of using biogas digester and may help them be aware of the current

problem with solid waste.

Ibaeños. This study may benefit the people of Ibaan for the community of

Ibaan will lessen the problem with waste/waste management.

 Municipality of Ibaan. They will gain information about the acceptability

of biogas digester among the residents of Ibaan and may become the basis for

them to support or promote the biogas digester.

Other neighboring municipality. This study may help them conduct

projects related to the idea of Biogas Digester.

Future Researchers. This study may serve as a reference and a good

source of useful information for their future researches.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study focused on the perception of Ibaeños towards the proposed

Biogas Digester. This study included the profile of the respondents in terms of

age, sex, location, and educational attainment. This study also included the

perceptions of Ibaeños towards the proposed Biogas Digester in terms of cost,

viability, sustainability, effectiveness, and environmental effects. In addition, the

study aimed to know if there is any significant relationship between the

perceptions towards the proposed Biogas Digester and the profile of the

respondents.

The study used the qualitative research design in data gathering and

interpretation. Specifically, the study used the survey method in collecting data.

The study did not include the perceptions of the experts in the field of

waste management, the proponents of the proposed biogas digester as well as

the local government unit of Ibaan.

 The population and sample were limited to the residents of Ibaan,

Batangas. The data collected were subjected to appropriate statistical treatments

such as mean, frequency, percentage, ranking, and chi-square.

 CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature

Related Literature

Environment is everything that is around us. It can be living or non-living

things. It includes physical, chemical and other natural forces. Living things live in

the environment. They constantly interact with it and adapt themselves to

conditions in their environment. The environment encompasses all of the biotic

and abiotic factors that act on an organism, population or ecological community

and influence its survival and development. Biotic factors include the organism

themselves, their food, and their interactions. Abiotic factors include such items

as sunlight, soil, air, water, climate and pollution. Organisms respond to changes

in their environment by evolutionary adaptations in form and behavior

(Environment, n.d.). However, these evolutionary adaptations and behavior of

organisms leads to different environmental problems. With a massive influx of

natural disasters, warming and cooling periods, different types of weather

patterns and much more, people used to be aware of what types of

environmental problems our planet is facing. The overconsumption of resources

and creation of plastics are creating a global crisis of waste disposal. Developed

countries are notorious for producing an excessive amount of waste or garbage.

Waste that destroys the balance and every components of the environment. This

problem with solid waste have always become one of the main topic in current

environmental-problem discussion, a problem that needs to be addressed with

proper management.
 Waste management is the process of treating solid waste and offers a

variety of solutions for recycling items that do not belong to trash. It is about how

garbage can be used as a valuable resource. Waste management is something

that each and every household and business owners in the world needs. Waste

management disposes of the products and substances that are used in a safe

and efficient manner (What is waste management, n.d.).

Two of the major waste treatment are the thermal treatment and biological

waste treatment. Thermal waste treatment refers to the processes that use heat

to treat waste materials. Incineration and gasification and pyrolysis are some of

the most commonly used thermal waste treatment techniques. Incineration is

commonly used as means of recovering energy for electricity or heating. It

involves combustion of waste material in the presence of oxygen. Gasification

and pyrolysis are two similar methods, both of which decompose organic waste

materials by exposing waste to low amounts of oxygen and very high

temperature. Pyrolysis uses absolutely no oxygen while gasification allows a very

low amount of oxygen in the process to recover energy without causing air

pollution. On the other hand, some of the most commonly used biological waste

treatment techniques are composting and anaerobic digestion. Composting is

one of the most frequently used waste disposal or treatment methods which is

the controlled aerobic decomposition of organic waste materials by the action of

small invertebrates and microorganisms. The most common composting

techniques include static pile composting, vermin-composting, windrow

composting and in-vessel composting. Anaerobic digestion also uses biological

processes to decompose organic materials. Anaerobic digestion however, uses

oxygen and bacteria- free environment to decompose the waste material where

composting must have air to enable the growth of microbes (Leblanc, 2017).

Solid waste treatment technologies are technologies for material and

energy utilization of waste, such as: composting, gasification, pyrolysis and

incineration. Those kinds of technologies allow obtaining volume reduction,

material and energy recovery. There are four kinds of material and energy

recovery technologies. First is composting, a natures process of recycling

decomposed organic materials into a rich soils known as compost. With

composting process organic materials are reduce. Second is gasification where

in gasification is defined as a thermal reaction with insufficient oxygen present for

reaction of all hydrocarbons (compound of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

molecules) to CO2 and H2O. Third is pyrolysis where in pyrolysis the thermal

degradation of carbon based materials through the use of an indirect, external

source of heat, typically at temperatures of 450 to 750 C., in the absence or

almost complete absence of free oxygen to produce carbonaceous charcoals

and combustible gasses. Fourth is incineration where in the incineration of

combustion of solid waste chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, sulfur) in an

oxygen rich environment at room temperature higher than 850 C and producing

combustion gasses, ash and heat (Solid waste treatment, n.d.).

Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims

of human life or as it is sometimes phrased, change and manipulation of the

human environment. This also refers to machinery and devices developed from
scientific knowledge and to the branch of knowledge dealing with engineer or

applied sciences (Technology, n.d.). In addition, technology is defined as the

organization of knowledge for the achievement of practical purposes (Mesthene,

1970).

Furthermore, the use of technology continues to improve waste

management. It is no surprise that the internet of things (IOT) and other

technologies are entering the waste and recycling industry from providing simpler

solutions for route optimization and operational analytics to reducing costs,

companies across the globe are getting creative when it comes to using

technology to better manage waste and recycling.

Furthermore, technology giant IBM is just one example of company that is

utilizing technology to better improve waste management with its smarter cities

initiative, IBM is helping cities and companies leverage, data to improve

operational performance in a variety of sectors.

In addition, waste collection is an essential city service ample opportunity

exist worldwide for smart technology to increase efficiency and improve the

quality of waste collection services. Currently, most municipal waste collection

operations focus on emptying containers according to predefined schedules. This

is inevitably inefficient, with half- full bins being emptied, poor use of city assets

and unnecessary fleet fuel consumption (How technology continues to, 2017).

Waste management is opening up new opportunities for innovative

technologies from gas control, conversion from gas to energy, biodiesel and fuel

cells, to landfill cap design.

 First is landfill gas to energy. Technologies that convert landfill biomass

and gas to electric energy. Under the landfill gas to energy are; bioreactor

technology, using controlled fluids, waste input and isolation, a bioreactor can

reduce waste in much less time than normally practiced, generating useful landfill

gas to power energy conversion engines. Next is micro turbine technology, the

uses of micro turbine in large fields to generate electric energy from landfill

gases. Then fuel cell technology, the use of fuel cells to convert methane gas

into the hydrogen components for fuel cell operation. Last is biodiesel, a

nontoxic, biodegradable replacement for petroleum diesel. This technology

converts wastes such as cooking oils and grease into a functional clean burning

diesel fuel substitute.

Next is Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP) which was created as

part of the United States` commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Then there is the Alternative Caps which are new alternative cover

designs in landfill caps instead of the prescriptive clay cap designs currently

employed in landfills. These new cover designs can employ plastic HDPE layers,

clay geo textiles and monolithic or mono covers. The advent of bioreactors is

creating another frontier in cover design.

Lastly is waste to energy. Under this are: Thermal conversion process

which is a technology that enables the conversion of waste feedstock into a

specialty chemicals, gases, carbons, fertilizer and digesters which can convert

waste biomass and its resultant biogas into useful on-site energy. One company,

Onsite Power Systems, markets and operates an anaerobic digester, which

quickly decomposes a variety of food and animal waste (Emerging Technologies,

2013).

Biogas is made in a biogas digester. We call it a digester because it is a large

tank filled with bacteria that eats (or digests) organic waste and gives a

flammable gas, called biogas. The bacteria in the Gesi550 biogas digester need

to be cared for like you would care for an animal. If the bacteria have too much or

too little food they get sick. You must feed the bacteria every day with a mixture

of food waste and water. In addition to biogas, the Gesi systems make waste

water that is rich in nutrients. This water may be poured over your plants to help

them grow.

Biogas systems make use of a relatively simple, well-known, and mature

technology. The main part of a biogas system is a large tank, or digester. Inside

this tank, bacteria convert organic waste into methane gas through the process

of anaerobic digestion. Each day, the operator of a biogas system feeds the the

digester with household by-products such as market waste, kitchen waste, and

manure from livestock. The methane gas produced inside biogas system may be

used for cooking, lighting, and other energy needs. Waste that has been fully

digested exits the biogas system in the form of organic fertilizer. 

Related Studies

In the study Implementing Biogas Technology Project in Malvar,

Batangas, Philippines by Mojares (2015), she sought to determine the

environmental and social impacts of the biogas technology project of the

municipal government of Malvar, Batangas, Philippines through the Municipal

Environment and Natural Resources Office. She found that biogas technology

had been functional and successful in producing methane gas used for cooking,

in bringing technology and skills transfer, and in making efficient sludge or source

of fertilizer if it had maintained and sustained the number of hogs in the pigpen.

Wu (2014) in Biogas Production from Presorted Biowaste and Municipal

Solid Waste aimed to characterize the presorted biowaste and municipal solid

waste regarding the utilization of biogas production by continuous mesospheric

wet digester as well as mesophlic and thermophilic batch reactors. Findings

showed that biowaste and municipal solid waste are able to produce biogas

which consists of high methane concentration values, which is perfect for biogas

quality.

The study of Irfan et al. (2013) entitled The Perception about the Biogas

Technology Adoption: A Case Study of District Faisalabad (Punjab, Pakistan) at

Middle East Journal of Scientific Research aimed to determine the perception of

the people to adopt biogas technology, and to understand the motivation behind

the adoption. It was found that social benefits, economic benefits and health

benefits that was owned by the adopters make other people adopt the biogas

technology. Secondly, the private companies with the collaboration of NGOs

were doing good marketing in the area and making people to adopt it. Twenty-

two percent of the respondents stated that it was comfortable and easy to

operate. Sixteen percent of the respondents said that they adopted it because

they had no natural gas in their area. Fifteen percent of the respondents stated
that biogas saved their time and energy and twelve percent of the respondents

said that they installed the biogas to escape from indoor air pollution as they had

no other source of fuel available. Lastly, five percent households indicated that

they were motivated to install the biogas plant as it provided them with social

benefits.

Abdulkarimm et al. (2013), in their research study entitled People’s

Awareness and Attitude on Biogas as an Alternative Domestic Energy in Urban

Kano intended to assess people’s perception and attitude on biogas as an

alternative domestic fuel in Urban Kano. They found that less than 50% of the

respondents were willing to adopt biogas as an alternative cooking fuel while a

slightly higher percentage were willing to adopt it for other domestic purposes

such as heating, lighting, and ironing.

The study entitled Studies on Biogas Generation from Agricultural Waste:

Analysis of the Effects of Alkaline on Gas Generation conducted by Ilabaya et al.

(2010) aimed to investigate the importance of biogas as an alternative energy

source. A survey was done to determine the certain amount of biogas that can be

generated from various feed stock. Results obtained reveal a high volume of gas

generated when the operating conditions inside the digester is maintained at

moderately alkaline condition. Further findings also reveal that the digester

temperature remained within the range of 27 to 35.5 degree Celsius throughout

the period of experimentation.

Synthesis

After a thorough study of the above mentioned related studies, the points

of comparison and contrast with the study were identified.

The present study and the study by Mojares are similar because they both

focused on the implementation of biogas digester. However, they are different

because the present study talked about the perceptions towards the

implementation of biogas digester while the study of Mojares was about

determining the environmental and social impacts of the implementation of the

biogas digester.

The study of Wu is comparable to the current study because they both

involved biogas digester as the subject of the study. However, they are unlike

because the previous study used mesospheric wet digester as well as

mesosphilic and thermophilic batch reactors for biogas production and only

focused on the classification of biogas digesters and the present study focused

on the perception towards the proposed biogas digester.

The study of Abdulkarimm et al. is related to the current study since they

are both focused on the perception towards biogas. Meanwhile, they are different

because the current study is all about the perception towards the use of biogas

digester while the previous study is all about people's perception and attitude on

biogas as an alternative domestic fuel.

The study of Irfan et al. is similar to the present study because they both

focused on the perception towards biogas technology. However, they are

different because the former focused on the motivation of having a biogas plant
and factors that affect the acceptability of biogas technology while the latter

focused on the perceptions of the citizens in Ibaan towards the proposed biogas

digester.

The present study is related to the study of Ilabya et al. because they both

focused on biogas. On the other hand, some aspects are different since the

present study was about the perceptions towards the proposed biogas digester

while the previous study was all about investigating the importance of biogas as

an alternative energy source.

The present study is similar to the past researches because they involved

biogas digester. However, the present study was different to all the previous

studies in terms of its variables and respondents. Since the present study was

focused on the municipality of Ibaan, the researchers found out that there was

still a need to determine the perception of Ibaeños about the proposed biogas

digester.

Conceptual Framework

The study aimed to determine the Perceptions of Ibaeños towards the

Proposed Biogas Digester. The paradigm (See Figure 1) identifies the input

variables which include the profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex,

location and educational attainment and the perceptions of Ibaeños towards

Biogas Digester in terms of cost, viability, sustainability, effectiveness, and

environmental effects.
 The study was based mainly on

The process variables refer to the chosen methodology for data collection

which the survey method using a researcher-made questionnaire. This also

includes the statistical treatment used for data analysis and interpretation.

The output is the proposed action plan to promote the Biogas Digester.

Figure 1 shows the research paradigm which illustrates the relationships

among the data that goes in (input) both dependent and independent variables;

the methods (process) for data gathering and treatment; and the outcome

(output) which was based on the findings from the input and process.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Profile of the
Respondents
 Age
 Sex Quantitative Research
 Location Design
 Educational  Survey Proposed Action Plan to
Attainment  Statistical further promote and
Treatment provide information of
Perception of Ibaeños
on the proposed  Data Analysis the use of Biogas
Biogas Digester and Digester and
 Cost Interpretation Development of
 Viability Informational Materials
 Sustainability
 Effectiveness
 Environmental
effects

Figure 1. Research Paradigm for Perception of Ibaeños toward the

Proposed Biogas Digester.

Definition of Terms

The following terminologies used in this study are defined conceptually

and operationally for a better understanding of the research.

Age. This refers to the amount of life during which a person or animal has

lived (Merriam-Webster, 2001). In the study, this refers to one of the profile

variables, and was measured using a checklist of age category.

Biogas Digester. This refers to the simple which produces biogas, via the

natural anaerobic decomposition of organic material (Culhane, n.d.). In this

study, this refers to the main subject of the study.

Cost. This refers to the amount or equivalent paid or changed for

something (Cost, n.d.). In this study, this refers to one of the main variables and

was measured using a 4-point Likert scale.

Educational attainment. This refers to the highest level of education

completed (Educational attainment, n.d.). In this study, this refers to one of the

profile variables and was measured using a checklist of a respondents possible

educational attainment levels.

Effectiveness. This refers to having or producing something that is

wanted (Effectiveness, n.d.). In this study, this refers to one of the main variables

and was measured using a 4-point Likert scale.

Environmental effects. This refers to the result of anything done to the

environment (Environmental effects, n.d.). In this study, this refers to one of the

main variables and was measured using a 4-point Likert scale.

 Location. This refers to a place where something is (Merriam-Webster,

n.d.). In this study, this refers to one of the profile variables and was measured

by identifying the barangay of the respondents.

Perception. This refers to the way you think about or understand

someone or something (Meriam-Webster, 2001). In this study, this refers to one

of the main variables and to what the researcher’s sought to get from the

respondents. This was measured using 4-point Likert scale.

Sex. Thus refers to the state of being male or female (Merriam-Webster,

2001). In this study, this was one of the main variables and was measured

through a checklist of sex categories.

Sustainability. This refers to the methods that do not completely use up

or destroy natural resources (Merriam-Webster, 2001). In this study, this refers to

one the main variables and was measured using a 4-point Likert scale.

Viability. This refers to the capable of succeeding (Merriam-Webster,

2001). In this study, this refers to one of the main variables and was measured

using a 4-point Likert scale.

 CHAPTER III
Research Methodologies

Research Design

Research design refers to the overall plan for connecting the research

problems to the empirical research. In other words, the research design

articulates what data is required, what methods are going to be used to collect

and analyze data, and how all of these are going to answer the research

questions (Van Wyk, n.d.).

Generally, this study utilized quantitative research methods which

emphasize objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or

numerical analysis of data collected through survey questionnaires or by

manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational techniques. In

addition, quantitative research methods focus on gathering numerical data and

generalizing it across groups of people or to explain a particular phenomenon

(McDonald and Headlam, n. d.).

In terms of research design specifically, this study used the correlational

research design. This design is used to examine a relationship between two

concepts (Walliman, 2011). Furthermore, this design investigates one or more

characteristics of a group to discover the extent to which the characteristics vary

together. The main purpose of a correlational study is to determine relationships

between variables, and if a relationship exists, make predictions to a population

(Simon and Goes, 2011).

 In this study, a survey was conducted using a researcher-made

questionnaire as the main data gathering instrument. This was used to determine

the perceptions of Ibaeños towards the proposed biogas digester.

Subjects of the Study

The study was conducted among 260 Ibaeños of Ibaan, Batangas. They

were chosen as respondents based on their capabilities to provide the needed

data for the study.

Data Gathering Instrument

For the purpose of this study, a questionnaire composed of two-parts was

used to determine the perceptions of Ibaeños towards the proposed biogas

digester.

The first part contained the demographic profile of the respondents which

includes the age, sex, location and educational attainment. The second part

contained perceptions of Ibaeños towards the proposed biogas digester in terms

of cost, viability, sustainability, environmental effects and its effectiveness. The

researchers constructed three (3) items under each of the variables.

Construction of the questionnaire. The development of the

questionnaire was done through brainstorming and review of literature related to

the present study. The researchers were guided by their research adviser in

drafting their questionnaire. The preliminary draft was submitted to the adviser for

improvements, comments, and suggestions.

 Validation of the questionnaire. Upon the recommendation of the

research adviser, the questionnaire was submitted and presented to Ms. Marissa

J. Suarez, Teacher II and Grade 11 coordinator and Engr. Andrea P. Briones,

Teacher III.All the suggestions and comments given were considered in framing

the items of the final draft of the questionnaire.

Piloting of the questionnaire. After the final draft of the questionnaire

was completed, questionnaires were administered to two (2) individuals who are

part of the population where sample was taken from. This was done to eliminate

unclear items, mis-numbered items, and confusing instructions if there are any.

All the suggestions and comments given were again considered in improving the

final draft of the questionnaire.

Administration of the questionnaire. With the approval of the adviser

and after all suggestions were incorporated, the final draft of the questionnaire

was reproduced for distribution to the target respondents.

Scoring of response. To determine the perceptions of Ibaeños towards

the proposed biogas digester, the following range and verbal interpretation in the

Likert scale were used.

Option Range Verbal Interpretation

4 3.50 – 4.00 Strongly Agree

3 2.50 – 3.49 Agree

2 1.50 – 2.49 Disagree

1 1.00 – 1.49 Strongly Disagree

Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers personally administered the questionnaire to the selected

Ibaeños. The researchers explained the purpose of the study and requested

them to answer the questionnaires as honestly and as objectively as they could.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The data generated from the questionnaires were tallied, presented, and

analyzed. The following tools were used to analyze and interpret the gathered

data.

Frequency Distribution. This was used to determine the number of

responses to each item in the questionnaire.

Percentage. This was used to analyze the respondents’ profile data with

regards to their age, sex, location and educational attainment.

Ranking. This was used to show the positional importance of the items to

be analyzed.

Weighted Mean. This was used to determine the perceptions of Ibaeños

towards the proposed biogas digester.

Chi-Square Test. This was used to determine if there is a significant

relationship between the perceptions of Ibaeños towards the proposed biogas

digester and the profile of the respondents.

 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents

Data gathered from the respondents yielded the following results. The following

tables presents the data obtained with regards to the profile of the respondents.

1.1 Age. Table 1 shows the demographic characteristics of the respondents in terms of

their age.

Table 1.1
Distribution of Respondents in terms of Age
Age Frequency Percentage Rank
16-25 years old 89 34.2 1
26-35 years old 53 20.4 2
36-45 years old 43 16.5 3
46-55 years old 38 14.6 4
56-65 years old 25 9.6 5
66 years old and above 12 4.6 6
Total 260 100.0

Table 1reveals that out of 260 respondents, 89 or 34.2 presents the 16-25 years

old which revealed first; second in rank is 53 or 20.4 percent of the respondents are 26-

35 years old: 45 or 16.5 percent of the respondents are 36-45 years old which third in

rank; 38 or 14.6 percent of the respondents are 46-55 years old which revealed fourth;

fifth in rank was 25 or 9.6 of the respondents are 56-65 years old; and 12 or 4.6 percent

of the respondents are 66 years old and above which ranked last. Data clearly shows

that most of the respondents are between age 16-25 years old.

1.2 Sex. Table 2 shows the demographic characteristics of the respondents in terms of

their sex.

Table2
Distribution of Respondents In Terms of Sex
 Sex Frequency Percentage Rank
Male 104 40.0 2
Female 156 60.0 1
Total 260 100.0

Table 2 shows that out of the 260 respondents, 60 percent were female which

ranked first and 40 percent, second in rank, were male. Data show that there is a big

gap between the number of female and male respondents.

1.3 Location. Table 3 the demographic characteristics of the respondents in terms of

their location.

Table 3
Distribution of Respondents in Terms of Location
Location Frequency Percentage
Bago 10 38
Balanga 10 38
Bungahan 10 38
Calamias 10 38
Catandala 10 38
Coliat 10 38
Dayapan 10 38
Lapu-lapu 10 38
Lucsuhin 10 38
Mabalor 10 38
Matala 10 38
Munting Tubig 10 38
Palindan 10 38
Pangao 10 38
Panghayaan 10 38

Poblacion 10 38

Quilo 10 38

Sabang 10 38

Salaban I 10 38

Salaban II 10 38

San Agustin 10 38
 Sandalan 10 38

Sto. Niño 10 38

Talaibon 10 38

Tulay 10 38

Total 260 100.0

Table 3 shows that there is a equal distribution of research questionnaire in each of 26

barangays of the municipality of Ibaan. Each accumulated a frequency of 10 or 3.8

percent.

1.2 Educational Attainment. Table 4 shows the demographic characteristics of the

respondents in terms of their educational attainment.

Table 4
Distribution of Respondents In Terms of Educational Attainment

Educational Frequency Percent Rank

Attainment
Elementary 21 8.1 3
High School 134 51.1 1
College 97 37.3 2
Master’s 8 3.1 4
Doctoral 0 0 5
Total 260 100.0

As shown in Table 4, out of 260 respondents, 134 or 51.5 percent have attained

High School level which ranked first; 97 or 37.3 percent have attained College level

which ranked second; 21 or8.1 percent have attained Elementary level which ranked

third; fourth in ranked have attained Masteral Degree of 8 or 3.1 percent, and 0 or 0
percent of the respondents have attained Doctoral Degree which ranked last. Data

clearly show that most of the respondents have attained High School level.

2. Respondent’s Perception toward the proposed Biogas Digester

Options Scale Range Verbal Interpretation

4 3.50-4.00 Strongly Agree

3 2.50-3.49 Agree
2 1.50-2.49 Disagree
1 1.00-1.49 Strongly Disagree

2.1. Cost. Table 5 shows the perceptions of Ibaeños towards the proposed Biogas

Digester in terms of cost.

Table 5
Perceptions Of Ibaeños towards the proposed Biogas Digester in terms of Cost

Cost Weighted Verbal Rank

Mean Interpretation
1. The proposed biogas digester can help
3.33 Agree 1.5
Ibaeños save money.
2. The proposed biogas digester can lessen 3.33 Agree 1.5

electricity bills.
3. The proposed biogas digester is worth the 3.00 Agree 3

price.
Composite Mean 3.22 Agree

Table 5 indicates that the respondents agree based on the composite mean of

3.22 that Ibaeños have positive attitudes towards the proposed biogas digester in terms

of cost.
 Table 5 shows that the respondents agree that the proposed biogas digester can

lessen electricity consumption and lessen electricity bills, and can help Ibaeños save

money.. These got weighted mean of 3.33 and were both ranked first. Last in rank with a

weighted mean of 3.00 is that the proposed biogas digester is worth the price.

These results can be supported by the value Marketing theory since it states that

there are conditions which focuses on its realization that it must be given according the

relation between price and value. It states that the relation between price and its value

which can be associated with the result. Since the perception of Ibaeños towards biogas

digester in terms of cost is affected by in which value does the biogas digester provides.

It is evident that Ibaeños agreed that the cost of biogas technology is reasonable for its

given function.

Therefore, the proponents of the biogas digester should provide information to

further convince the users about the benefits that the biogas digester can provide.

2.2. Viability. Table 6 shows the perceptions of Ibaeños towards the proposed Biogas

Digester in terms of Viability.

Table 6
Perceptions of Ibaeños Towards the proposed Biogas Digester in terms of
Viability
Viability Weighted Verbal Rank

Mean Interpretation
1. The proposed biogas digester can be 2.91 Agree 2

assembled successfully at home.

2. The proposed biogas digester can be 2.86 Agree 3

operated successfully by any individual in

any location.
3. The proposed biogas digester can supply 3.25 Agree 1

gas to produce electricity and be used for

 cooking.
Composite Mean 3.00 Agree

Table 6 Indicates that the respondents agree based on the composite mean of 3.00 that

Ibaeños have a positive attitude towards the proposed biogas digester in terms of

viability.

Table 6 reveals that the weighted mean of 3.25 which ranked first implies that the

respondents agreed that the proposed biogas digester can supply gas to produce

electricity and be used for cooking. Next, respondents also agreed that the proposed

biogas digester can be assembled successfully at home, this ranked second with a

weighted mean of 2.91. Last in rank with a weighted mean of 2.86 implies that the

respondents agreed that the proposed biogas digester can be operated successfully by

any individual in any location.

These results can be linked to the theory/Model of technology acceptance, since

it states that acceptance of new technology by a user is based on two factor; perceived

usefulness and perceived ease of use. Perception towards the proposed Biogas

Digester in terms of viability can be influenced by the Biogas Digester ease of use. The

results is similar to the study of Irfan, et. al. (2013) who sought to determine the

perception of people to adopt Biogas technology, and to understand the motivation

behind the adoption. The results of the study shows that twenty percent of the

respondents stated that Biogas Digester is comfortable and easy to operate. Similarly,

biogas digester in terms of viability accumulated a positive results from Ibaeños.

The accumulated results therefore implied that the proposed biogas digester

should contain operating procedure booklet or manual for proper operator and

maintenance of the technology.

2.3. Sustainability. Table 7 shows the perceptions of Ibaeños towards the proposed

Biogas Digester in terms of Sustainability.

Table 7
Perceptions of Ibaeños Towards the proposed Biogas Digester in terms of
Sustainability
Sustainability Weighted Verbal Rank

Mean Interpretation
1. The proposed biogas digester can be 3.10 Agree 2

used continuously for years.

2. The proposed biogas digester can be 3.06 Agree 3

maintained by its users for a long time.

3. The proposed biogas digester can help 3.30 Agree 1

Ibaan avoid the depletion of its natural

resources.
Composite Mean 3.15 Agree

Table 7 indicates that the respondents agree based on the composite mean of

3.15 that Ibaeños have positive attitude towards the proposed biogas digester in terms

of sustainability.

Table 7 reveals that the weighted mean of 3.30 which rank first implies that the

respondents agreed that the proposed biogas digester can help Ibaan and the depletion

of it natural resources. Next, respondents also agreed that the proposed biogas digester

can be used continuously for years. This ranked second with a weighted mean of 3.10.

Last in rank with a weighted mean of 3.06 implies that the respondents agreed that the

proposed biogas digester can be maintained by its users for a long time.
 These results can be supported by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

since it explains how new technology are received and used by the user. It states that

acceptance of new technology by a user is based on two factor; perceived usefulness

and perceived ease of use. Perception towards the proposed Biogas Digester in terms of

sustainability can be influenced by the Biogas Digester ease of use.

To sum, respondents perception towards the proposed Biogas Digester in terms

of sustainability gained a positive results. Therefore, the researchers suggest that the

proposed biogas digester should be made at high quality and durable materials. In

addition, maintenance procedure should be included to prolong and sustain the

operation of the proposed biogas digester.

2.4. Environmental Effects. Table 8 shows the perceptions of Ibaeños towards the

proposed Biogas Digester in terms of environmental effects.

Table 8
Perceptions of Ibaeños Towards the proposed Biogas Digester in terms of
Environmental Effects

Environmental Effects Weighted Verbal Rank

Mean Interpretation
1. The proposed biogas digester can be used 3.40 Agree 1

continuously for years.

2. The proposed biogas digester can be 3.34 Agree 3

maintained by its users for a long time.

3. The proposed biogas digester can help 3.36 Agree 2

reduce water and soil pollution.

Composite Mean 3.37 Agree
 Table 8 indicates that the respondents agree based on the composite mean of

3.37 that Ibaeños have positive attitude towards the proposed biogas digester in terms

of environmental effects.

Table 8 shows that the respondents agree that the proposed biogas digester can

be used continuously for years. This got a weighted mean of 3.40 and was ranked first.

Next, respondents also agreed that the proposed biogas digester can help reduce water

and soil pollution. This ranked second with a weighted mean of 3.36. Last in rank with a

weighted mean of 3.34 is that the respondents agreed that the proposed biogas digester

can be maintained by its users for a long time.

These results can be supported by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

since it explains how new technology are received and used by the user. It states that

acceptance of new technology by a user is based on two factor; perceived usefulness

and perceived ease of use. Perception towards the proposed Biogas Digester in terms of

environmental effects can be influenced by the Biogas Digester usefulness.

To sum, respondent’s perception towards the proposed Biogas Digester in terms

of environmental effects gained a positive result. For this reason, the researchers imply

that biogas digester should have stickers as labels that indicate that it can reduce

greenhouse gases.

2.5. Effectiveness. Table 9 shows the perceptions of Ibaeños towards the proposed

Biogas Digester in terms of effectiveness.

Table 9 indicates that the respondents agree based on the composite mean of 3.38 that

Ibaeños have positive attitude towards the proposed biogas digester in terms of

effectiveness.
 Table 9
Perceptions of Ibaeños Towards the proposed Biogas Digester in terms of
Effectiveness

Effectiveness Weighted Verbal Rank

Mean Interpretation
1. The proposed biogas digester will 3.35 Agree 3

significantly improve sanitation in the

municipality.
2. The proposed biogas digester will be able 3.41 Agree 1

to supply electricity and reduce waste at the

same time.
3. The proposed biogas digester can promote 3.38 Agree 2

solid waste management without polluting the

environment.
Composite Mean 3.38 Agree

Table 9 indicates that the respondents agree that the proposed biogas

digester proposed biogas digester will be able to supply electricity and reduce waste at

the same time. This got a weighted mean of 3.41 and was ranked first. Next,

respondents also agreed that the proposed biogas digester can promote solid waste

management without polluting the environment. This ranked second with a weighted

mean of 3.38. Last in rank with a weighted mean of 3.35 is that the respondents agreed

that the proposed biogas digester will significantly improve sanitation in the municipality.

These results can be supported by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

since it explains how new technology are received and used by the user. It states that

acceptance of new technology by a user is based on two factor; perceived usefulness

and perceived ease of use. Perception towards the proposed Biogas Digester in terms of

effectiveness can be influenced by the Biogas Digester usefulness and ease of use.
 To sum, respondents perception towards the proposed Biogas Digester in terms

of effectiveness gained a positive results.

For this reason, the proponents of the biogas digester should give information to

the people of Ibaan about the longetivity and benefits of the biogas digester.

P- Verbal Decision
Profile Chi-Square Test
Value Interpretation on Ho
Cost 269.943 .000 Significant Reject
Viability 270.351 .000 Significant Reject
Sustainability 248.552 .000 Significant Reject
Age
Environmental
290.768 .000 Significant Reject
Effects
Effectiveness 285.515 .000 Significant Reject
Cost 34.969 .000 Significant Reject
Viability 28.626 .000 Significant Reject
Sustainability 32.320 .000 Significant Reject
Sex
Environmental
33.266 .000 Significant Reject
Effects
Effectiveness 40.731 .000 Significant Reject
Not
Cost 4.071 1.000 Accept
Significant
Not
Viability 15.369 .932 Accept
Significant
Not
Location Sustainability 11.227 .992 Accept
Significant
Environmental Not
7.987 1.000 Accept
Effects Significant
Not
Effectiveness 13.315 .972 Accept
Significant
Cost 562.898 .000 Significant Reject
Viability 523.669 .000 Significant Reject
Educational Sustainability 531.665 .000 Significant Reject
Attainment Environmental
566.411 .000 Significant Reject
Effects
Effectiveness 580.446 .000 Significant Reject

4. Proposed Action Plan to Perception of Ibaeños towards the Proposed

Biogas Digester
 Table 11 contains suggested activities based on the most significant

findings of the study. It also includes the objectives of each activity, the persons

who will be involved, the needed resources, and the tentative schedule or

duration of each activity.

Activity Objectives Person/s Resource Schedule/Duration

Involved s

Distribution of To inform the People in Pamphlets From December to

pamphlets users about the the January
about the long term community
biogas digester benefits of the
biogas digester

Allotment of To give Users of Booklets From December to

booklets to instructions to biogas and January
biogas digester the users about future
users and the proper purchasers
purchasers operations and
maintenance of
the biogas
digester

Infomercial To inform the The Laptop Maximum of five (5)

residents of residents of minutes
Ibaan on how Ibaan Projector
biogas digester community
is useful

Symposium To promote the Two PowerPoin Maximum of three (3)

biogas digester representati t, booklets hours
in the Ibaan ve of each that show
with the barangay about the
coordination of with biogas
the municipality position digester or
associated with a
the solid waste pamphlets
management of that shows
Ibaan information
about the
biogas
digester
 Chapter V
Summary, Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations

Summary

This study aimed to determine the profile of the respondents in terms of

age, sex, location, and educational attainment, the perceptions of Ibaeños

towards the proposed biogas digester in terms of cost, viability, sustainability,

environmental effects, and effectiveness, significant relationship between

perceptions of Ibaeños towards the proposed biogas digester and the profile of

the respondents, and the proposed action plan based in the findings. Literature

review shows that there are a lot of study conducted about biogas technology. It

also shows that the present study was different because it focuses on the

perception of Ibaeños which is new to this biogas technology. Using the

descriptive correlational research design and the survey method, 260

respondents were included in this study to answer the abovementioned research

questions. Sample size was set by the researchers and respondents were

selected using stratified-random sampling technique. Data gathered from the

respondents were subjected to statistical treatment – frequency, percentage,

ranking, weighted mean, and chi-square. Findings and conclusions are stated in

the following section.

Findings

After the tabulation, analysis, and interpretation of data, the following

findings were generated.

1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents

1.1. Age. Eighty-nine (89) or 34.2% of the respondents were 16-25 years

old; 20.4% were 26-35% years old; 16.5% of them were 36-45 years old; 14.6%

or 38 of the respondents were 46-55 years old; 9.6% were 56-65 years old; and

4.6% of them were 66 years old and above.

1.2. Sex. Sixty (60%) of the respondents were female while forty (40%)

were male.

1.3. Location. The respondents equally came from each of twenty-six (26)

barangays in Ibaan with a percentage of 3.8.

1.4. Educational Attainment. None of the respondents have graduated

Doctoral; 3.1% of the respondents have graduated Masteral Degree; 8.1% of

them have graduated Elementary; 37.3% have graduated College; and 51.5% of

the respondents have graduated High School.

2. Perceptions towards Proposed Biogas Digester

2.1. Cost. The composite mean of 3.22 and verbal interpretation of agree

shows that the respondents accept the biogas digester’s cost efficiency.

2.2. Viability. The composite mean of 3.00 and verbal interpretation of

agree shows that the respondents consider biogas digester as viable.

 2.3. Sustainability. The composite mean of 3.15 and verbal interpretation

of agree shows that the respondents accept that the biogas digester is

sustainable.

2.4. Environmental Effects. The composite mean of 3.37 and verbal

interpretation of agree shows that the respondents consider the biogas digester

as environmental-friendly.

2.5. Effectiveness. The composite mean of 3.38 and verbal interpretation

of agree shows that the respondents accept that the biogas digester is effective.

3. Relationship between the Perceptions of the Respondents and their

Profile Variables

The computed p-values for age, sex, and educational attainment are

significant at 0.05 level of probability; thus, the null hypothesis is hereby rejected.

This means that there is a significant relationship between the respondents’

perceptions towards the proposed biogas digester and their age, sex, and

educational attainment. Meanwhile, the computed p value for location is not

significant at 0.05 level of probability; thus, the null hypothesis is then accepted.

This means that there is no significant relationship between the respondents’

perceptions towards the proposed biogas digester and their location.

Conclusions

Based on the findings, the following conclusions were drawn.

1. The respondents of the survey questionnaire about the perceptions of

Ibaeños towards the proposed biogas digester accumulated varying

 results in terms of age, sex, location, and educational attainment since the

researchers have used stratified-random sampling technique.

2. The perceptions of Ibaeños was determined through the Likert Scale. With

the composite mean of 3.22, it is evident that Ibaeños agreed that the cost

of biogas technology is reasonable for its given function. Having a

composite mean of 3.00, biogas digester in terms of viability accumulated

positive results from Ibaeños. Meanwhile, Ibaeños’ perceptions towards

the proposed biogas digester in terms of sustainability gained positive

results with a composite mean of 3.15. At the same time, biogas digester

in terms of environmental effects accumulated a positive outcome from

Ibaeños with a composite mean of 3.37. Lastly, Ibaeños also have a

positive attitude towards the proposed biogas digester in terms of its

effectiveness with a composite mean of 3.338.

3. The demographic of the respondents affect the Ibaeños’ perceptions

towards the proposed biogas digester in terms of its cost, viability,

sustainability, environmental effects and effectiveness excluding the

location.

4. The proposed action plan can be used to further promote and provide

information on the use of the biogas digester.

Recommendations

Based on the conclusions drawn, the following recommendations are

hereby presented.

1. Future researchers who will conduct similar researches should choose

respondents with different demographic profile. They should also consider

including other demographic variables that are related to the topic. They

should also conduct survey on other respondents and have larger scope

of the study.

2. The proposed biogas digester should come with an operating procedure

and maintenance manual as well as information about its longevity and

environmental effects.

3. The researchers and future researchers should consider determining the

perceptions of local government unit and expert in the field towards the

proposed biogas digester.

4. The proposed action should be implemented to further promote and

provide information on the use of the biogas digester.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
DIVISION OF BATANGAS
District of Ibaan
Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High School
Talaibon, Ibaan, Batangas

Dear Respondent,
We are Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
students currently conducting a research entitled Perceptions of Ibaeños Towards the
Proposed Biogas Digester as one of the requirements in our subject Practical
Research 2. Our study aims to identify the perceptions of Ibaeños towards the proposed
biogas digester in terms of cost, viability, sustainability,environmental effects and its
effectiveness .
On this note, we humbly ask you to answer this survey questionnaire regarding
the mentioned research topic.
Please be assured that your responses will be treated with utmost confidentiality
and will only be used for the sole purpose of this research.

Sincerely,
Blanco, Kent D.
Caringal, Hazel Anne A.
De Castro, Maria Lourdes A.
Dizon, Laarnie Joy
Olano. Evelyn

Noted by
Ms. Joy Dee C. Diona
Teacher, Practical Research 2
 Survey Questionnaire
Name (optional):
______________________________________________________________________
______
I. Demographic Profile
Directions: Kindly provide the information being asked for and put a check () mark on
the box that corresponds to your answer.
Age Sex Location Educational
Attainment
___ 16-18 years old ___ Male Please specify: ___ Elementary
Graduate
___ 19-25 years old ___ Female _________________ ___ High School
Graduate
___ 26-35 years old ___ College
Graduate
___ 35-45 years old ___ Under
Graduate
___ 46-55 years old Others please
specify:
___ 56-65 years old
____________________
___ 65 years old and above

How many are you in the family?

Are there any history of Leptospirosis in the family?

Part II. Perceptions of Barangay Maahas to Leptospirosis

Direction: Put a check () mark on the box that describes your perceptions on the
impact of research to your life. Kindly use the scale below for your answers.

4 - Strongly Agree
3 - Agree
2 - Disagree
1 - Strongly Disagree

a. Prevention 4 3 2 1
The Leptospirosis can be . . . . . .
a.1 prevented by avoiding soaking feet on flood.
a. 2
a.3 Is worth it the price.

b. Knowledge 4 3 2 1
The proposed biogas digester . . . . . .
b.1 Can be a self assembled at home.
b.2 Can be operated by any individual.
b.3 Can be used in any location.

Thank you so much for your help!