111Equation Chapter 1 Section 1299 - 11-05 - The Yo-Yo - 17-18: we solve 17,18.

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Chapter 11, Problem 17: A yo-yo has a rotational inertia of 800 g·cm2 and a mass of 120 g. Its axle radius is
3.2 mm and its string is 120 cm long. The yo-yo rolls from rest down to the end of the string. As the yo-yo
reaches the end of the string, what are the following values?

(a) magnitude of its linear acceleration? Static friction keeps the string on the yo-yo, so  Fr  I CM   RFFr , in
  aCM / R   aCM , x / R
which . This lets us compute the friction force as,
a R 2 FFr MR 2 g sin 
FFr   I CM CM2, x  aCM , x   
R I CM MR 2  I CM

The derivation of the acceleration is found in §11-4; Eq. 11-13 gives

g
acom  
1  I com MR02

where the positive direction is upward. We use I com  950 g  cm , M =120g, R0 = 0.320 cm, and g = 980 cm/s2
2

and obtain

980 cm/s 2
| acom |   12.5 cm/s 2  13 cm/s 2 .
1   950 g  cm   120 g   0.32 cm 
2 2

(b) length of time for yo-yo to reach end of string? Taking the coordinate origin at the initial position, Eq. 2-15

leads to ycom  2 acomt . Thus, we set ycom = – 120 cm, and find
1 2

2 ycom 2  120cm 
t   4.38 s  4.4 s.
acom 12.5 cm s 2

(c) linear speed at the end of the string? As it reaches the end of the string, its center of mass velocity is given
by Eq. 2-11:
vcom  acomt   12.5 cm s 2   4.38s   54.8 cm s
,

so its linear speed then is approximately | vcom |  55 cm/s.

(d) translational kinetic energy at the end of the string? The translational kinetic energy is
1 1
  0.120 kg   0.548 m s   1.8 10  2 J
2
K trans  mvcom
2

2 2 .
(e) rotational kinetic energy at the end of the string? The angular velocity is given by  = – vcom/R0 and the
rotational kinetic energy is
2 2
1 1 v  1  0.548 m s 
K rot  I com 2  I com  com   (9.50  105 kg  m 2 )  3   1.4 J
2 2  R0  2  3.2  10 m  .

(f) angular speed at the end of the string? The angular speed is

vcom 0.548 m/s

   1.7 102 rad/s
R0 3.2  103 m  27 rev s .

Note: As the yo-yo rolls down, its gravitational potential energy gets converted into both translational kinetic
energy as well as rotational kinetic energy of the wheel. To show that the total energy remains conserved, we
note that the initial energy is

U i  Mgyi  (0.120 kg)(9.80 m/s 2 )(1.20 m)  1.411 J

which is equal to the sum of K trans (= 0.018 J) and K rot (= 1.393 J).

Chapter 11, Problem 18 (Flying Circus of Physics): In 1980, over San Francisco Bay, a large yo-yo was
released from a crane. Suppose the yo-yo was M  116kg , and it consisted of two uniform disks of radius
R  32cm connected by an axle of radius R0  3.2cm . What was the magnitude of the acceleration of the yo-yo
during (a) its fall and (b) its rise? (c)What was the tension in the cord on which it rolled?

(a) The yo-yo’s center of mass accelerates due to a tension T (for which   R0 (T ) , where T is the
Newton’s 3rd Law pair of T in the rope!), and it is subject to angular acceleration  (for no slipping,
  a / R0 (note: R0  R !)), so Newton’s 2nd Law in both translational and rotational form with the no-slipping-
condition appears as,
calculations with translational Newton's 2nd Law         calculations
   with rotational
   Newton's
  2nd
 Law
        no slipping
 
          
a a
 F  Ma  T  Mg  Ma ;   I  R0 (T )   12 m1R 2  12 m2 R 2  R   R02T  12 MR 2a ;   R ;
0 0

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Using the 1st equation to say T  M ( g  a) to eliminate T in the 2nd equation,

R0
R 2 2( RR0 ) 2   R 2  2
1
MR a   R0 T   R0 M ( g  a ) 
2 2 2
a  1 2 0 2 g 
solve for a
g  g;
1  2 2
2
2 R  R0 1  2( RR0 ) 2
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For the numbers in the problem, we have   10 , which is close to zero. (What does the limit  0 correspond
1

a  0.192 sm2
to, and what is the acceleration of the yo-yo in this case?). Plugging in numbers yields .
(b) Our calculations with Newton’s 2nd Law, Error: Reference source not found, made no reference to the
direction of the velocity of the yo-yo (and indeed, nor does Newton’s 2nd Law ever reference velocity). Thus, the
acceleration is the same as it is for part-a.

(c) This is kind of annoying to calculate, but it can be done. Using Error: Reference source not found,
 2  2  Mg (116kg )(9.81 sm2 )
T  ( g  a) M  1  2 
Mg    1.12  103 N ;
 1  2  1  2 1  2( 10 )
2 1 2
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