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OVERVIEW 
-The vitelline duct connects the gut tube to the yolk sac.
-The connecting stalk connects the embryo to the uterus. -The embryo lies within the chorionic cavity, which coalesces
from pools of extraembryonic cavities.
The neural crest cells (we use an arrow to signify their migration*)
• Notochord
ECTODERM
Epidermis:
• The skin, specifically the surface layer (meaning NOT the dermis, the underlying layer)
• The skin appendages (eg, the hair, nails, and other appendages).
• The dorsal root ganglia, which are the pseudounipolar sensory neurons.
• The sympathetic chain ganglia, which supply the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous systems, responsible
for "Fight or Flight".
• The adrenal medullary cells, which are activated along with the sympathetic nervous system during stress.
• The enteric nervous system, which is the intrinsic nervous system activator of the gut.
Neural tube derivatives and the placodes (which are ectodermal thickenings):
• Telencephalon
• Diencephalon
• Mesencephalon
• Metencephalon
• Myelencephalon
• Key placodes (which are areas of thickened surface ectoderm), which form CNs 1, 2, and 8 (the solely sensory set of
CNs), from cranial to caudal
- At the nasal prominences lies the olfactory placode, which derives the olfactory epithelium and olfactory nerve (CN 1).
- The optic placode forms the optic nerve (CN 2); it originates from the diencephalon.
- The otic placode forms the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN 8); it originates from the hindbrain.
ENDODERM
The foregut
• Divides distally into the esophagus and trachea and includes 4 key pharyngeal pouches of the head and neck.
• Stomach
• Proximal duodenum,
• The gallbladder,
• The pancreas, which forms from the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds (aka, diverticula).
• The linings of the respiratory system (with a drawing of the trachea and lungs).
The midgut
• Distal duodenum,
• Jejunum,
• Ileum,
• Ascending colon,
The hindgut
The proximal 2/3 of the anorectal canal. The ectoderm gives rise to the distal 1/3 of the anorectal canal is derived from
ectoderm; it invaginates the area around the proctodeum (aka, anal pit).*
MESODERM
The somites (the paraxial mesoderm) form the axial musculoskeleton and dermis as follows:
• Sclerotome derives the bone of the axial skeleton: the spine and the posterior base of the skull.
Intermediate mesoderm:
(we signify them with a kidney and ureter and an illustration of the uterus, a fallopian tube and ovary).
The lateral plate mesoderm derives
(We draw the heart tube inside of the chest to signify the cardiovascular system and the body walls and organ linings.
And we draw an arm in flexion to signify the appendicular musculoskeleton.)