Integrated Ferroelectrics

An International Journal

ISSN: 1058-4587 (Print) 1607-8489 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ginf20

Analysis of the mechanical dynamic performance

for the CNC machine spindle remanufacturing

Ling Liu, WanYing Cheng, Bin Li & RunXiao Wang

To cite this article: Ling Liu, WanYing Cheng, Bin Li & RunXiao Wang (2016) Analysis of the
mechanical dynamic performance for the CNC machine spindle remanufacturing, Integrated
Ferroelectrics, 170:1, 65-72, DOI: 10.1080/10584587.2016.1167563

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584587.2016.1167563

Published online: 18 May 2016.

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 INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS
, VOL. , –
http://dx.doi.org/./..

Analysis of the mechanical dynamic performance for the

CNC machine spindle remanufacturing
Ling Liua , WanYing Chengb , Bin Lic , and RunXiao Wanga
a
Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shaan xi, Xi’an, China; b Xi’an University of Architecture &
Technology in Shaan xi, Xi’an, China; c MCC-SFRE Heavy Equipment CO., LTD in Shan xi, Wei nan, China

ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY

In this paper, the CNC machine spindle after remanufacturing is Received  May 
researched as a object on the multi-constrained state. At first, it Accepted  February 
Downloaded by [La Trobe University] at 09:08 14 June 2016

is established a three-dimensional simulation model for a CNC

KEY WORDS
milling machine spindle system in theory, secondly this article Remanufacturing; spindle
uses the CATIA software of finite element analysis function to system; static analysis; modal
analysis the remanufacturing of machine spindle system static. analysis
Through dynamic analysis function of CATIA software, it has car-
ried on the dynamic simulation of slender shaft, get the reman-
ufacturing dynamic characteristic parameters of machine spin-
dle system. Modal analysis was carried out on the remanufactur-
ing machine tool spindle system, get the machine spindle system
modal frequency and vibration mode in different order number.
The paper contrast theoretical analysis and the modal analysis,
validate the correctness of theoretical analysis.

1. Introduction
Now the electric spindle, magnetic suspension bearing, angular contact ball bearer,
liquid hydrostatic bearing and air bearing represent development trends of the spin-
dle of the high-performance lathe in China [1,2]. Features of the spindle are mainly
studied by using the methods such as finite element analysis method, centralized
parameter method, transfer matrix method and boundary element method [3].
Bollinger processes the radial angular contact ball bearing as the radial spring and
damper and establishes the beam model of the spindle of the lathe [4]. KOSMATKA
establishes Timoshenko beam model based on the Hamilton principle and analyzes
the influence of the axial force on stability of the beam [5]. Jorgensen and Shin estab-
lish the bearing load-distortion model and studies influence of the thermal distor-
tion on spindle rigidity and inherent frequency. CAO introduces centrifugal force,
gyroscopic effect, pre-tightening force and rotor offset to Timoshenko beam model
and lays foundation for further research on the spindle of the lathe [6–8]. In addi-
tion, partial experts and scholars have achieved some achievements in research on
the spindle of the lathe in China. Guan Xiyou summarizes the dynamic research

CONTACT Ling Liu liuxuanping@.com

Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/ginf.
©  Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
 66/[226] L. LIU ET AL.

methods on the spindle of the lathe [9]. Xu Linfeng analyzes distortion of the spin-
dle and guide of the lathe and deduces force features of the spindle and guide. Zhang
Yaomai simplifies the bearing support as spring dampness unit and establishes the
dynamic finite element model of the spindle. Yu Tianbiao analyzes high-speed spin-
dle system of the grinding machine supported by the liquid hydrostatic bearing and
studies the relation between the rotation rate of the spindle, system rigidity and
inherence frequency [12].
The study of dynamic characteristics of remanufacturing machine tools abroad
than domestic earlier. As early as 1956, Tobias. S.A. and W. Fishwick et was sim-
ulated under the condition of forced vibration of radial drilling machine wagen
tested and relative motion between the workbench, research and manufacture of
machine tool under the unbalanced vibration force modal vibration mode. Since
the 1990s, foreign scholars study of remanufacturing machine tools significantly
increased, mainly has the British AI of the university of wales, Shareef and J. A.
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Brandon influence coefficient method is used to analyze the machine tool spindle
system, especially the influence of additional quality analysis of remanufacturing
machine tools under critical speed mode the main vibration mode. At purdue uni-
versity next Ben R. Jorgensen and Yung C. Shin by load deformation model is put
forward, and through the natural frequency of the spindle dynamic model analy-
sis for the main shaft system, etc. In the second year, Ben R. Jorgensen and Yung
C. Shin influence coefficient method is used to establish a dynamic model of the
spindle bearing system, analyzed the influence of the cutting force inherent charac-
teristics of the spindle system.2004 British AdamG. Rehom and others through the
computer anyway, identification of the main shaft system dynamic performance in
the process, to analyze its impact on the quality of products.
In summary, the performance analysis method after manufacture spindle mostly
used for modal analysis at home and abroad, modal analysis is to bear the main
dynamic load size. However, there are some shortcomings, the research analysis
the dynamic performance of the machine spindle remanufacturing except modal
analysis, also conducted its static analysis and dynamic simulation of the spindle
process, it is consistency through modal analysis and theoretical analysis, verifica-
tion the correctness of the design method, which can be used to guide the actual
scene [11].

2. The finite element analysis of the spindle system

Some of the condition assumptions parameters are as follows after remanufacturing
spindle system:
1) Front bearing chose double row tapered roller bearings 30310, mounted back
to back, bearing diameter d = 50mm, rear bearing selected single row tapered
roller bearings 30310, bearing diameter d = 50mm. Axial force borne by the
front bearing.
 INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS [227]/67

2) The spindle material is 45 # steel, having a density ρ = 7830kg/m3, modulus

of elasticity E = 207MPa, Poisson’s ratio μ = 0.27.
3) Specific milling conditions: workpiece material is aluminum LF5, tool using
Swiss Fraisa<16mm carbide cutter, milling process does not use cutting
fluid.

3. The mathematical model of the spindle

Transient response analysis is a method determining the dynamic response to with-
stand structural loads any change over time. You can use this method to determine
the structure of any change in stress, strain and displacement under load and so
over time. Quality is a continuous distribution of the spindle. Determine the qual-
ity of all desired independent parameters position in its system (That is the degree
of freedom) will be an infinite number. In accordance with the idea of finite ele-
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ment, the infinite freedom vibration system instead of a finite number of freedom
approximately. Like statics issues, the structure will be dispersed into a finite units,
the corresponding inertial force was introduced. it is established the basic structure
equation of the transient response characteristics the analysis according to FEM
the integrated approach, considering the effect of damping force, the application
of Newton’s second law, D’Alembert’s principle, Lagrange equations and Hamilton’s
principle, as follows [12]:
..  .
[M] (U ) + [C] U + [K] (U ) = {F (t )}

Type in the [M] - mass matrix;[C] - damping matrix;[K]- the stiffness matrix;
(Ü )- node acceleration vector;
(U̇ )- node speed matrix;
(U )- node displacement matrix;
{F(t)}- load vector, is any time function. Given at any time, the equation may
be regarded as considering inertial force ([M] {U second derivative}) and
damping force ([C] {U first-order guide}) static equation.

4. Build finite element model of the spindle

According to the actual structure, the first spindle entity appropriately simplified
model, in order to avoid the finite element mesh size difference is too poor to affect
cell quality and accuracy, it is simplified by some of minimal chamfers and fillets
for having no effect on the spindle vibration characteristics. The spindle grid had
divided using CATIA software analysis and simulation modules, and its static analy-
sis and modal analysis, combining static analysis and modal analysis obtained results
of the dynamic characteristics of the spindle system. As a result of 20-node element,
which can take advantage of more complex shape function, the actual deformation
of a better expression, the higher the calculation accuracy, was 11,500 units, 2,766
 68/[228] L. LIU ET AL.

Figure . Finite element model of the spindle.

Figure . Van mises stress diagram.

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nodes. Each bearing is simplified to a uniform spring unit. Therefore, the finite ele-
ment model shown in Figure 1 spindle:

5. Four main shaft increase of static analysis

Meshing spindle is completed, and number of unit nodes, on the basis of add con-
straint and load on the spindle, spindle that Van mises stress diagram Fig 2, the
deformation displacement diagram Fig 3 and main stress diagram Fig 4.
By the above analysis we can see that adding in the add constraint and load,
the spindle that Van mises stress, deformation and principal stress are gradually
increasing.

Figure . Deformation displacement diagram.

Figure . Main stress diagram.

 INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS [229]/69
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Figure . Spindle modal vibration mode.

6. Modal analysis
Front bearing used double row tapered roller bearings, tail bearings utilized sin-
gle row tapered roller bearings, modal analysis was carried out by spindle system,
obtained before the eight-order mode shapes and natural frequencies in Figure 5
and Table 1.
The further research showed that increased support stiffness, natural frequency,
accompanied change of vibration mode.
The largest integrated deformation: After general processors, can get the max-
imum spindle under cutting force excitation vibration integrated deformation as
shown in figure 6, the value is1.3e+0.03 mm

7. Experiment
The dynamic features of the spindle are mainly studied by the hammering experi-
ment method. The factor speed is not considered in our research, so the spindle can
be fixed at the bearing constraint and one part of the spindle is hammered by using

Table . Modal analysis results is shown by spindle system.

Modal order Natural frequency/Hz Modal descriptions

 . yz plane torsional,yz plane bending

 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
yz plane torsional,yz plane bending
around the X axis twisting
yz plane torsional and bending around the Z axis
yz plane torsional and bending around Y axis
around the X axis twisting
around the Y axis twisting;around the Z axis twisting
around the Y axis twisting;around the Z axis twisting
 70/[230] L. LIU ET AL.

Figure . Largest integrated deformation.

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Figure . LMS vibration test instrument.

an ironic hammer. The vibration frequency of the spindle is detected by using an

advanced test instrument, shown as the figure 7.
This experiment is mainly performed to detect the frequency of the spindle under
fourth-order simulated vibration. The simulation data are similar to the experimen-
tal data, which indicates that the stablished model and modal analysis method are
correct, but about 8% differences exist in the simulation data and experimental data
due to simplified model and simple test means. This error is within the acceptable
range, shown as the figure 8.

Figure . Comparison of spindle frequency.

 INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS [231]/71

8. Conclusion
The research object is a CNC milling machine spindle system after remanufactur-
ing, the spindle is as a multi-degree of freedom system, assuming that the spindle
mechanics meet linear elastic materials the conditions, the vibration of the spindle
system can be regarded as each order modal linear superposition in such assump-
tions. Obtained by the spindle system modal analysis methods the natural fre-
quencies and the main types of vibration, and calculated critical speed of spindle
unit, analyzed whether remanufacturing machine design speed is reasonable or not,
determined whether the machine remanufacturing main modes have affected the
machining performance or not. The experimental data have been obtained by anal-
ysis, design optimization, the spindle structure met better the requirements of the
machining performance and be machined parts accuracy after remanufacturing. In
short, it is important for us to understand each spindle assembly modes of vibra-
tion characteristics, because it is essential to study the dynamic characteristics of
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the spindle assembly.

(1) The bearing stiffness is an important factor affecting modal spindle system,
while bearing stiffness is a function of the load, and thus is a function of
cutting force, under different cutting conditions, the cutting force is different,
different bearing stiffness, the system modal are also different. Therefore, the
spindle system modal is not a fixed value, but a dynamic volume.
(2) The spindle load is relatively small, stress-induced fatigue limit is usually
much less than steel. Therefore, the spindle system design based on the
strength but not stiffness. The design should be based on the bearing stiff-
ness and modal system is the most unfavorable state as a basis for analyzing
the dynamic characteristics, and seek the necessary deformation. Analysis,
based on the analysis and modal changes constantly revised preset parame-
ters, and regenerate a new model for analysis, and then to design the stiffness
under satisfactory conditions.
(3) The bearing average static stiffness must not replace the dynamic stiffness
to analyze dynamic characteristic in the milling process. Because research
shows that the average static stiffness replace the dynamic stiffness have little
effect on the system modal, but there can not be ignored for deformation
impact, it is easy to analyze the results of distortion.

Acknowledgments
Thanks to the strong support of the Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province
Project No.2014K06-43. Thanks to the strong support of the Xi’an Science and Technology Project
No. CXY1443WL24. Thanks to the Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufactur-
ing of Shaanxi Province.

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