Relatiile lui Viete – polinom de grad 3

 b
 x1  x2  x3  a

 c
Fie polinomul f  ax3  bx 2  cx  d , Relatiile lui Viete sunt:  x1 x2  x1 x3  x2 x3 
 a
 d
 x1 x2 x3  a


1. Pentru polinomul f  x 3  5x 2  4x  4 coeficientii sunt : a = 1, b = 5, c = -4, d = -4

 b
 x1  x2  x3  a  5

 c
Relatiile lui Viete sunt:  x1 x2  x1 x3  x2 x3   4
 a
 d
 x1 x2 x3  a  4


1 1 1
Calculati: a) suma radacinilor b) x12  x22  x32  ? ; c)    ? d) x13  x23  x33  ? e) x14  x24  x34  ?
x1 x 2 x3
x1 x 2 x3
f) x3 x1 x 2 =? g) Calculati 1  x1   1  x2   1  x3  ;
x 2 x3 x1
h) Aratati ca f are cel putin o radacina reala in intervalul (1,2).

b
a) suma radacinilor = x1  x2  x3  = -5
a
b) x12  x22  x32  x1  x 2  x3   2x1 x2  x1 x3  x 2 x3   S 2  2 P  (5) 2  2(4)  25  8  33
2

x2  x3 
1 1 1 1 x1x3 1 x1x2 1 x2 x3  x1 x3  x1 x2  4
c)         1 Am adus la acelasi numitor
x1 x2 x3 x1 x2 x3 x1 x2 x3 4

d) x13  x23  x33  ? Scriu relatia de 3 ori, inlocuiesc intai cu x1 , apoi cu x 2 , x3 ( scriu direct sistemul 2)

 x 3  5 x 2  4 x  4  0  x13  5 x12  4 x1  4  0
 3  3
 x  5 x  4 x  4  0 ,  x2  5 x2  4 x2  4  0 ; adun relatiile de sus in jos
2 2

 3  3
 x  5 x  4 x  4  0  x3  5 x3  4 x3  4  0
2 2

 x13  x23  x33   5  x12  x22  x32   4  x1  x2  x3   12  0

   
 x13  x23  x33  5  33  4   5  12  0  x13  x23  x33  5  33  4   5  12  173

e) Inmultesc relatia data cu un x , pentru a obtine x 4

x 3  5 x 2  4 x  4  0 x  x 4  5x 3  4 x 2  4 x  0 . Acum scriu relatia de 3 ori, ca la punctul d)

 x1 x2 x3
f) x3 x1 x2  x13  x23  x33  x1  x2  x3  x1  x2  x3  x1  x 2  x3  173  4  4  4  185
x2 x3 x1

g) Metoda 1. Inmultim parantezele : 1  x1   1  x2   1  x3 = 1  x1  x2  x1  x2   1  x3  

 1  x1  x2  x1  x2  x3  x1  x3  x1  x3  x1  x2  x3  1  ( x1  x2  x3 )  ( x1  x2  x1  x3  x1  x3 )  x1  x2  x3 =
= 1 – (-5) – 4 – (- 4) = 1 + 5 – 4 + 4 = 6.

Metoda 2. Stim ca polinomul f se descompune sub forma f = x  x1   x  x2   x  x3  .

Deci, daca calculez f(1), obtinem relatia ceruta, 1  x1   1  x2   1  x3 
1  x1   1  x2   1  x3   f (1)  13  5  12  4  1  4  1  5  4  4  6  8  2

h) Proprietate: daca f (a)  f (b)  0 , atunci f are cel putin o radacina reala in intervalul (a,b).
f(1)= - 2
f(2) = 6 . Verifica proprietatea de mai sus.

Relatiile lui Viete – polinom de grad 4

Fie polinomul f  ax 4  bx3  cx 2  dx  e ,

 b
 x1  x 2  x3  x 4  a

x x  x x  x x  x x  x x  x x  c
 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 3 2 4 3 4
a
Relatiile lui Viete sunt: 
x x x  x x x  x x x  x x x   d
 1 2 3 1 2 4 1 3 4 2 3 4
a
 e
 x1 x 2 x3 x 4 
 a

2. Pentru polinomul f  x 4  3x 2  5x  1 coeficientii sunt : a = 1, b = 0, c = 3, d = 5, e= -1

OBS!!!! Lipseste termenul de grad 3, deci coeficientul lui trebuie sa fie 0, adica b=0.

 b
 x1  x 2  x3  x 4  a  0

x x  x x  x x  x x  x x  x x  c  3
 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 3 2 4 3 4
a
Relatiile lui Viete sunt: 
 x x x  x x x  x x x  x x x   d  5
 1 2 3 1 2 4 1 3 4 2 3 4
a
 e
 x1 x 2 x3 x 4   1
 a

1 1 1 1
Calculati: a) suma radacinilor ; b) x12  x22  x32  x42  ? ; c)    ?
x1 x 2 x3 x 4
d) Calculati 2  x1   2  x2   2  x3   2  x4  ;
e) Aratati ca f are cel putin o radacina reala in intervalul (0,1).
f) Aratati ca f nu are toate radacinile reale.
 b
a) x1  x2  x3  x4  0
a
b) x12  x22  x32  x42   x1  x2  x3  x4   2x1 x2  x1 x3  x1 x4  x2 x3  x2 x4  x3 x4   S 2  2 P  02  2  3  6
2

5
x 2 x3 x 4 ) x1 x3 x 4 ) x1 x 2 x 4 ) x1 x 2 x3 )
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 x2 x3 x4 xxx xx x xx x
c)          1 3 4  1 2 4  1 2 3 = =5
x1 x 2 x3 x 4 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4  1

d) 2  x1   2  x2   2  x3   2  x4   f (2)  24  3  22  5  2  1  16  12  10  1  37

e) f(0) = -1; f(1) = 8 . Cum f (0)  f (1)  0 , f are cel putin o radacina reala in intervalul (0,1).

f) cum x12  x22  x32  x42  -6 < 0, f nu poate avea toate radacinile reale