Miasa1 | Apxutektypa MUKpokoHTponnepos AVR u PIC B npunuine, sce MukpokoHrponsepsl noctpoeHbi no onHol cxeme. Cucrema ynpagnenns, CocTosilad 13 CHeTHHKa KOMAHI H CXeMbI eKOJMpoRaHHs, BbIIoMiaeT CHHTbIBANIHe 1 AeKOAMPOBAHHe KOMAH H3 NAMATH MporpaMM, a OnepauHoHitoe yCTpOH- CTBO oTBeuAeT 3a BRINOAHEHHE apHdMeTHHeCKHX H AOrHHeCKHX ONepanait, mATepdetic BRO/a/BbIBONA MOIBOAAET OOMEHHBATECA LAHHBIMH C NepHcbepHiHBIMA yeTpolicTRAMH; H, HAKOHEL, HEOGXOAHMO HMeTS 3arIOMuaHOUlee yeTpoHicTBO ALA xpaHeHHa porpamM nanenix (pic. 1.1). UeHTpanbHuin npoyeccop ‘Yerpostcrao ynpasnenna Onepauvontioe | yerponcrso +--+} amare nporpamm ar Mamate AaHebix fe—t +} Beon/auison 1 y | Agpecran Wins thie Repadepun Una gavieoe ympasnenin Puc. 1.1, OSo6ujerHa8 crpyxrypa muxpoxoHTponnepa B otoli kHure aBTop He MpHBsisbiRaeTcs K KAKOMY-160 KONKPeTHOMY THTTY MUKpO- kowTpomepos AVR um PIC, nootomy Hike GynyT paccMoTpeHbI TONbKO OBUIHE JIA SonUIMHCTBA MHKpOKOHTpoATepoB OCOBEHHOCTH APXHTEKTYpbI MlaMaTH, BONPOCH! BBO~ na/abiBosta, o6paSorkH mpepbiBaHnii, cOpoca 1 Ap. Namatp B wuxpoxowtponnepax AVR 1 PIC namats peanusosatia no Papsapackoit apxn- TeKType, 4TO NogpasyMeBaeT pagileeHHe NAMATH KOMAHL H LAHHLIX. IT0 osHa4aer, YTO OGpamenve K KOMAHAAM OCyUIecTeNseTeA HesaBHCHMO oT jOCTyna K AaHHbIM. [pe- HMyWlecTBOM TaKOM OpraHiMaUNH aBAKeTCR NoBBILeHHe CKOPOCTH OCTYMA K aMsTH.amare 23 K Tomy ke, B MHkpokoHrpomepax PIC k MaMSITH AHHBIX HK TIAMsITH KOMAH/L MOsKHO oSpauiatéea akTHHECKH OAHOBPEMEHHO, HTO eille GOsbLNE HOBbILIAeT CKOPOCTS O6pa- Gorku nporpamm. PaceMoTpuM, KakHe THN! NAMATH MOryT HCMONBIOBATKCA B MHKPO- Kotrpomnepax AVR PIC Tamamp dannvix Tlansirb 2aHHibix npeaHashavena Jui sarcn/sTeHiMa 2aHHBIX, HeTIONb3yeMbIx Mpo- rpamMamu. SIenseTes 2HeprozaBHicHMOli, TO ecTb, Mp OTKHOMeHHM NMTaHHA MHKpO- KoHTpossiepa BCe XpaHHMbie B Heli AaHHiIe, GyAyT noTepstb. B MkpokoHTposepax AVR Tams JaHHbix UMeeT Gostee pasBHtTyiO CTPYKTYpY No cpaBHeHHMiO © MHKPOKOH- Tpoatepamn PIC, #70 noKazatio Ha pie. 1.2 lance baat Spece 4 Aanee wecraquaTepmunBie Yncna GyAyT npeacrasnen! 8 cbhopme, npuHATON 8 AabIKe C:¢ npecbukcom Ox. Aupec a Mego eee oan eee nee ceeeearlt aa) OXFFFF! 1 | BHewHan naware SRAM | nana | crantieccoa [| nawarie SRAM i | Buyrpeniaa namaTs SRAM! oxo6o | ft ox0se WO - Peructp 63 ae r ian | scona/suisona Osnacte permerpoe_| (64 perwcrpa) cneumarbHbix cbyHKyHin | ox020 VO - Pernerp 0 | Ox01F R31 | |__ OSnacrs perncrpos O6nacts pernerpos | o6uero wasnoveinn jo (Gépemerpa) | c6weroHashavenna | ox000 RO ig] ( AVR Pic Puc. 1.2. CTpykrypa namsT# AaHHbIx 8 MKPOKOHTPonNepax AVR ut PIC O6aact» cratuyeckolt namsTH SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) o60311a11e- Ha Ha pic. 1.2 NYHKTHpOM, NOcKoNbky HenOmb3yeTCA He BCEMH MHKPOKOHTpossIepaMH, AVR (010 oTHociTes Kak K BHYTpeHHel, Tak Hk BHeUMel SRAM), Ee nauanpubiii ag- pec — 0x060, a Bepxnnit anpec — pasubiii 8 pasmvuNbIx yerpolicrBax. B nexoropbix MukpoxorTposmepax AVR MOxKHO YBeTHUHBaTe MpoctpanicrBo sa- atu SRAM nocpestcTsom noakKnoueHHA BHeIUNHX GNOKOB raMaTH BHAOTh 20 64 K6aiir, onnako Axx 9TOrO NPHXOAHTCA NoxkeprsoBar Moprama A HC, KoTOpHIe 8 STOM CAYYae NPHMeHsIOTes JUIA Mepesa4H AaHHbIX HW ampecos. Peructpti o6uero HasHayeHna OGnacts pernerpor o6ulero HasHaveHts (padouNX perveTpos) npeAHasHaYeHa Aaa BPeMeHHOrO Xpanenua MepeMeHHBIX 4 yKazaTeNeli, HCTON3yeMBIX NPOUeCCOPOM 218 BbINOAHEHHs NporpaMM. B MHKpoKoHTposmepax AVR ona coctour 13 32 BocbMupas- PAHbIX perHeTpOR (AHaNAIOH ampecos 0x000 ~ 0x01F). B MukpoKoHTposnepax PIC24 _Tnasa 1. Apxmrektypa mikpoKoxTponnepos AVR i PIC perucrps: oOIero HasHAdeHHA TaKWKE BOCHMHpAspAIHBIe, OAHAKO HX KONMYECTBO H AMana30H aspecoR 3aBHCST OT KOHKpeTHOro Twa yCTporicrBa, B nporpammax, nanucanHprx Ha aabike C, HerlocpemcTBeHHoe oGpalileHHe K peri crpam oOuiero HaIHaueHHa OOBINHO He TpeGyeTes, ECM TONBKO HE HCHONBsyIoTCR ¢bparmenit Ha s3b1Ke accemOnepa. Peructpbi cneyuanbHbix cbyHKuUnii MaKpoKoHTponnepos PIC Perucrpst cnennanbubix pynikunii HcnonbayioTea B MAKpoKoHTpomepax PIC sua yopasnena pasnnunbimn onepanuami. Kak 4 8 cay4ae c perucrpamn o6utero HasHa- YeHHA, HX KONHUECTBO H aflpecaLHs oTAMUaIOTCH OT yeTpoiicrBa K yerpoiicray. B npo- TpaMMax, HaricaHiHbix Ha w3bIke C, HerlocpencTBenHoe OGpamieHe K perHeTpam che- UUATEHEIX @yHKUNi OBbI4HO He TpeSyeTes, ECM TOMBKO He UcnombayioTes KHO OOpamaTncs Mo anpecy BBO AA/BHIBONA (HAYHHAS © 0x000) an# no anpecy SRAM (8 stom ciyyae K anpecy BBona/sbIBONA csremyeT NpH- 6asurs 0x020). B nporpammax Ha sauike C oGbI4HO HenlombayroTea YcnOBHBIe HMeHa PeTHCTPOB BROAWSbIBONA, a ANpeca HMCIOT SHAYEHHE TONbKO jUIA NpOrpaMM Ha ABBIKE accem6siepa. Vimena, anpeca spoa/abisoja n SRAM, a TaKoKe Kparkoe onHcaHHe perHeTpos 13 oG11acTH BBOa/BHIBONA MHKpoKOHTponaepos AVR npegctansenbt B abn. 1.1. Tpx TOM CHeAYET OTMETHTD, HTO B PASTHUHBIX MOJIETAX MHKPOKOHTPOsAepoB HEKOTOPHIE 3 nepevHCHeHHbIX perHeTpOB He HCMIOMbsyIOTeA, a ampeca, He yKasaHHbIe B TAGT. 1.1, 3ape3epBuposaribl KoMMaHHel Atmel ju1a HcrioNb30BaHHs B Oy/yuleM. Ta6nmya 1.1. Onvcarme perucrpos 43 oGnacTm sBona/sbIBona MHKPOKOHTponnepos AVR ven Res : Onucann Pemmerpa | svieoaa : ae ACSR 0x08 Perictp ynpasfeHMA u COCTOAHMA aHanoroBoro KomnapaTopa UBRR 0x09 Pernctp ckopocTu nepefaw fanlibix vepes UART {-_ucR ‘0x0, Peructp ynpasnexus npremonepenaTynkom UART USR 0x08 Perwcrp coctosuus npnemonepenatunka UART UDR Ox0C. Pernctp AaHHeix npnemonepeaatunca UART SPCR 0x00) Perucrp ynpasnenna uvtepcbericom SPI | SPSR Ox0E, Perncrp coctoauua unteptberica SPI a ‘SPDR OxOF Percrp seofa/svisona fanvbix uuTepielica SPI PIND | 0x10 Boigogei nopta D DDRD[ Oxit Peructp Hanpasnenua nepegauv AaHHex nopta D. PORTD | 0x12 Peructp aaHHeix nopta D: a PING Ox13 Beiwonb! nopra C DDRC Oxt4 Pernctp Hanpasnenna nepenaun Aannox nopra ia PORTC | 0x15 Pernerp anHbix nopra C conan | PINB O16 Beieones nopra B DORE Oxi7 Pernctp wanpasnienna nepenaun AauHeKx nopTa B | PORTS 0x18 Pemetp ganisix nopta B | [—PINA Oxi9 Beisonpi nopta A 1TaGnuua 1.1. OkonyaHne Flamats 25 ‘Aapec Mins Aapec seonal _ Onucanne pernotpa | cimoaa | SRAM DDRA OxtA | 0x3A_| Pernctp Hanpasnenna nepeaaun Aannbix nopra A. PORTA | _Ox18 | 0x3B | Permcrp aanueix nopta A EECR OxiC__|_0x3C_| Peructp ynpasnenna namatn EEPROM EEDR Ox1D_|_0x3D_| Peructp aannenx namarn EEPROM EEARL | Ox1E | Ox3E_| Peructp anpeca namaru EEPROM (mnaquinit Gavir) EEARH | OxtF | 0x3F__| Peructp aapeca namatu EEPROM (ctapwinit Gait) WOTCR | 0x21 |" Ox41_| Pernctp ynpasnenina cropoxesbin TaiMepom _| ICRAL ox24__|_0x44_| Pernctp saxsara Talimepa/cyeranca T/C1 (mannii Gait) ICRIH (0x25 | 0x45 _| Pernctp saxsata Taiimepa/cueTunka T/C1 (mnaaqwinit Galir) | OCRIBL_| 0x28 | 0x48 _| Perncrp cpasHenna B ravimepa T/C1 (mnaawnit Gait) | OCRIBH | 0x29 | 0x49_| Peructp cpashenua 8 raamepa T/C1 (crapumit Gaitr) OCRIAL_|_Ox2A | Ox4A_| Peructp cpasvenna A Taimepa T/C1 (mnaauinii Gain) OCRIAH | Ox2B__| 0x4B_| Permorp cpasnenua A Taimepa T/C1 (ctapwini 6aitt) TCNTIL | 0x2 | Ox4C_| Cuernoitt perucrp talimepa/cueranca T/C1 (mnaquuit Gatir) TCNTIH | 0x2D__|_0x4D__| CueTueii pemmorp talmepalcuerunxa T/C1 (crapusi Gait) TCCR1B_| Ox2E | Ox4E | Pervctp ynpasnenns 8 raimepa/cuetanka T/C1 | TCCRIA_| Ox2F | Ox4F_| Peructp ynpasnenus A raimepa/cueanxa T/C1 TCNTO 0x32 | 0x52_| Cuerneii permorp Taiimepa/cveTunna T/CO ~TCCRO 0x33__|0x53_| Permcrp ynpasnenna taimepa/cerunka T/CO MCUCR | 0x35 | 0x55_| Perucrp ynpasnenna muxpoxoxTponnepom ["_TIFR (0x38 | _0x58__| Pernctp cbnaros npepbisakii oT TaimeposicueranKos TIMSK 0x39__| 0x59 Peructp mackuposanis npepbiBaHwl oT Talimepos GIFR Ox3A, OGuyuit pernetp dbnaroe npepeisannih GIMSK [70x38 ‘O6uyiit permcrp mackmposanna npepeisaniiht | SPL 0x30, YeasaTenb cTexa (mnaquini Gait) j SPH Ox3E Yaasarenb crexa (crapumii Gait) (sre Ox3F Perctp cocrosHis Bonbutarictso 3 nepeuncaeHHetx pernerpos Oyayt paccmorpentbl nowKe B xose WBAOKEHUA MaTepHasia KHMTH, ceii4ac 2K OGPATHM BHHMAHHE TOsIKO Ha PerHeTp co- croauus SREG (anasor 8 MukpoxorTponnepax PIC — peructp STATUS) Peructp coctonuua SREG mukpoxortponnepos AVR Pernerp coctosuma cosepkuT dularn ycnoBuit MHKpoKoHTpornepos AVR H pac- nonaraerea B oGnacTH BBoga/ebIBona no apecy $3F (aapec SRAM — $5F). Mocae no- slaun cHrHata COpoca oH HHMUHANHBHpyercs HYsIANH B maxpoxontponsepax AVR su18 O6o3HaucHHa pesyabTaTa BbinosHeHHA onepaLiii HcHombayloTes BOCES pasnH4HbIx paaroB: paspa 0 (C) — daar nepenoca (Carry); ykaaninaer Ha nepertonuenne (nepe- Hoc) Mocae BbinoAHeHHs apHMeTHYECKOH HNH sOrHMecKoit onepanni; paspag 1 (Z) — nyaesoit dinar (Zero) cera ycTaHaBNHBaeTCA, CCNH pe3ystb- Tat apHpMeTHHeckoil HH AOTH4ECKOH onlepatlnn pager Hymo; COpacbiBaeTes, ecu peaynuTar onepauwit He paBeHl Hyst0; paspsa 2 (N) — ¢aar otpunatensoro peaymbrata (Negative); ykaspinaer Ha OTpHuarenbHbii pesysbTaT Nlocse BbITOAHEHKA apUbMeTHeCKOl HH sTOrH4e- ckoii onepayuu;26 _Tnasa 1. Apxurtektypa mixpoKoHTponnepos AVR u PIC paspan 3 (V) — dar nepenomieHia pH BLIYHCHeHHAX B OMOSIHATETbHBIX KO- jax (Two's complement Overflow); noatepxupaet apii)MeTHKy AorosHH- TeABUBIX KOJIOB (aPHdMETHKa KOLOB ¢ JOMIOMHCHHEM 0 ABYx); YoTAHABTABAeT- cA, ECAH NPA BEINONHEHUH CooTReTeTBYIOMIeH OTlepaLlMH NpoMcXogHT neperosi- HeHe, B MpoTHBHOM cay4ae — cOpactiBaeTes; paspan 4 (S) — diar 3iiaka (Sign); S = NOV — cessn dpnaroz Nu V ¢ nomompio onepaunu “Hexmouaionee HJIM”; duiar sHaka Moker npuMeHart- ca 1104 OnpesleneHis cpakTaueckoro pesybrara apHcbMeTHHecKoHt onepaunn; paspast 5 (H) — daar nonontoro epetoca (Half Carry); ykaspipaer Ha re- pentoserine 8 Miaguiem nomy6aiire (paspaais 0...3 Galira janHbIx); yeranaami- BaeTes, KOTA NPOHCXOLNT NepeHoc 13 MAMET osTyGalira B crapinHii, B nporuBriom caysae — c6pactinaeres, paspa 6 (T) — ¢aar konuporanns (Transfer or Copy); mpentasnayen Jv18 cBo- 6oaHoro npUMeHeHHA nporpaMMucToM (HanpHMep, B KayecTee 6y‘pepa); paspay 7 (I) — o6uiee paspeusentne npepbivanuii (Global Interrupt); eca npe- PHIBAHHA, KAK TAKOBBIE, TOIAHBI ObITS PaspeUleHbl, TO OSHKEH OpiTh YoTaHOB- sien papa 7 peructpa coctosnius (B s10F. 1). Brytpeniaa uw sHewHas namate SRAM MuKpoKoHTponnepos AVR Tamas SRAM mukpoxortponsiepos AVR npenHasnaena ana xpatieniia Tex s1a1t- HbIX, KOTOPHIE He TOMeULAIOTCA B PAGOYNX PerHcTpaX, a TAKE AIA OpraHHsauHH Tpo- rpammuoro creka (cM. cneayioumnit nompasien). Jattibre oSbruHO CoxpanatoT B SRAM, HaUunHas c MepBbIx aNpecoR, a CTeKy COOTBETCTBYIOT REPXHHE astpeca. Ecnu o6bema Baytpentelt namaTn SRAM HegoctaTourio, TO B HEKOTOPBIX MHKpO- KoHTponnepax AVR ero MoxkHo yaennunTs 20 64 KGaiir nocpencTBoM nogkmoueHHa BHeIHHX GrokoB naMsTa. [bia 9TOrO B perucrpe MCUCR (ampec 8 o6acTH BBO- na/pbipoja — $35, aapec n SRAM — $55) caeayer yeratosutb B stor. | paspa SRE (paspat 7). Tlocae yeratioskn store paspazia noptst A mC 6yAyT BBICTYMATb B KatiecTBe AUMHDI agpeca H UIHHBL AHHBIX, a BEIBOAE 7 1 6 NOpta D — B KavecTBe ympaBsmIOUIHX curianos “rena /RD H, cooretersenno, anuc /WR sia Brewsnelt namaTa SRAM), He3aRHCHMO OT Toro, KAKMe HanpawleHHs MepetatH NaAHHbIX YCTAHOBNeHBI JI THX HopTos B COOTBeTeTBYIOLIHX pericTpax HaNpaBsieHHa Nepean 1aHHbIX. Crex Crek — 970 oco6as o6nact maMsTH aHHBIX, HCHOmB3yeMaA MpoUeccopoM AIA BpeMeHHoro xpaHeHia anpecoB ROSRpaTa 13 TlOAMpOrpaMM, MPOMerKYTOUHBIX pexyib- TaTop BeIuncAeHHii 4 Ap. B MHkpokoHTposmtepax PIC 1 HeKOTOpBIX MHKPOKOHTposIe- pax AVR ctek peas#30san annapatho — quia 3TOro BbUIeMeHO OTAeMBHOe 3arloMH- Haroulee yeTpOHCTBO ¢pHKCHPOBAHHOTO OObEMA B HECKOMBKO (HTH HCKONDKO eCATKOB) Gaitr, JLia MukpoKowTposepos AVR KommuTopEI asb1ka C (HanpuMep, NPA obpa- eHHH K oANporpaMMaM) MOryT TalcKe Cos/aBATE OLUH HAH Goslee CTeKOB NpOrpaMM- Ho, HaMHHas ¢ RepXHHX anpecos oGacTH SRAM, Crex geiicreyer no npunuuny LIFO —~ “Last In, First Out”, aro osnaaer “no- CHEAHHM ROUEN, NepabiM BIEN”. ITO o3Hat4aer, YTO HOBbIe AAHHBIe BHAYATIe NOMe- ulaiores Ha Repusuy (nepBbili yposeHb) creKa, a 3aTeM, ¢ NlocTyMeHHeM cnexyIOUIAX JAHHbIX, “TpoTAIKHBAKOTeA” Ha ero HIKE ypoBlH. Mapserenne u3 CTeKa IIpoHCXo- AUT 8 OOpaTHOM TopssAKe: BHAMAIE CUHTHIBAIOTCS JAHHBIe, NOMEMEHHbIE MOCeAHUMHNamets 27 Ha BepUIMHY, Mocie 4ero AAHHbIe, paIMeuIeHHbIe Ha HVKHHX ypoBHAX, KAK Obi “BEITaN- KuBatoTcs” Ha OHH yporeHb BREpX. Suelika NAMATH, KOTOPAA ABAAETCA B LAHHbIit MO MeHT pepunMHoli cTeka, anpecyeTca ykasaTesteM creka (via AVR — peruetposoii 11a- poii SPL. SPH). Tockospky o6sacTs naMsTH AaAHHBIX, OTBOAUMAS JZIN MPorpaMMHOro cTeKa, orpa- HituMBaeTea TOABKO OObeMOM nlaMsiTH SRAM, mmpH HamHcaHHn mporpamM calesyer cite~ ANT 3a TEM, UTOGbI CTeK HE CTAHOBHIICA CAMIIKOM GombUIAM, 3aTHPAd MoTesHbIe aH- bie. Tamamp npozpamm Tamsrs nporpamM kak B MUKpoxoHTponepax AVR, Tak HB MHKpoKoHTposnepax PIC peasisonava no TexHonorWH Flash-EPROM, Koropaa lloapasymewaer nporpamMi- POBAHHE NOsILSORATENeM H BbITHPAHHe S1eKTPHYECKHM CrlocoboM, PaMep STO! NaMsarH BapbUpyeTCA B 3ABHCHMOCTH OT MHKPOKOHTPOsLAepa H OGbIYHO COCTABARET HeCKONbKO K6aiir komaHAHBIX crop, xouI-naMsaTs sipsieTea IHeproriexaBHCHMOli, TO eCTb, CoxpaliaeT 3amTHcaHHYto B Hee HHthopMaLIMIO stake NOCHE OTKTONEHHA NHTAHHA MHKpoKOHTposIepa. HecMorpa Ha To, 470 NaMsTs 9TOrO THNa — NporpaMMHpyeMas, AIA ANC B Hee HCnosMyIOTCA TOABKO BHEUINHe aTMapatHble CpencTBA, OSTOMY ¢ TOHKH 3peHHA NporpamMucTa MOXK- Ho Cka3aTb, HTO MaMATb NporpaMM AOCTYMHA TONIBKO UIs HTEHHS, Aapecautin KOMaHa 6 TaMsITH NporpamM pealH3yeTeA C TOMOUIbIO creLMaBHOTO pervcTpa — cueranka KOMAHAL, pa3paHOCTb KOTOPOrO ONpenenseT AONYCTHMbIH par Mep 9TO! naMaTi. PaspaiHocTe si4eeK TaMsTH MporpaMM, B 2ABHCHMOCTH OT THNa MHK- pokolrTposepa, MoxkeT cocrasnaTs 14-16 Our. Kpome Toro, cilenyet OTMETHTS, 4TO B MUKpoKoHTposmepax PIC B nepsEIx sueliKax TaMaTH MporpamM (Ha4HHad ¢ aapeca 0x0000) cogepaxaTea BeKTopwl (azpeca mepexo- ja) c6poca 4 npeppiBannil. Hamams EEPROM muxpoxoumpoanepos AVR Muorve MuKpokorTpoaneps! AVR oGopyoRaH! pcTpoeHHo —namsTiio EEPROM — onekrpaueckit nepesanicbisaemoli sHeproviesasncumoit tamarbio. Xora o7a NaMaTb H ONYcKaer 3aNch, OHA pemKO HCMIOABIYeTCA jLIA XpaHeHHA NporpaMMnbix NePpeMeHHBIX, MOCKOABKY, BO-MepBbIX, Me/VICHHOseHCTBYIOMIad, H, BO-BTOPbIX, HMeeT orpann4eHHbili (XoTA H LOBOAbHO GosbUNOi) MKT epe3anHcH. Yuuroiwas pbuleckasantoe, namark EEPROM ucnomp3yior, mpeumymecrsenno, JAA XpaHeHHa AAHHbIX, KOTOPHE He AOWKHBI OBIT NOTepAHDI AaKe MPH HoTepe MATa- Hus, 370 OeHb yOGHO, K NPHMEpY, MPH KANHOPOBKe WAMePHTEsIbHLIX PHGOPOB, pa- GoraoulHx MON ynpaBnenvem MHKPOKOHTpomepoB, y KOTOpEIX B nawaTH EEPROM Bnpouecce HacrpoliKH coxpaHsIorea lapaMerphl KoppekrHpoBKH. Braronaps Tomy, B GombUIHHCTRe cHYYaeR NOAHOCTBIO OTHaRAeT HEOOXOAUMOCTS B HACTPOCHHEIX NOTeH- UOMeTpax H TPHMMepax. B ornuune or diam-namsta, 11a sanicw/srenas namata EEPROM ner 1eo6xo- AUMOCTH B CHeUHaTbHOM TiporpaMMaTope — 9TH oMepayHit AOcTyNHbI NPorpaMMHo 1 Ronyckaior noGaiiTHyIo Nepeaady AAHHBIX ¢ MOMOUIbIO perucrpa ynpaBsienna EECR, pernerpa JaHHbix EEDR x peruictposoii naps! EEARL, EEARH, onpenesmouteli aupec ayelix nawstu (cm. Taba. 1.1).28 Tawa 1, Apxwrerrypa muxporourponnepos AVR W PIC 3anucb & namaTb EEPROM Banc 6aifra qaHnBIx B amar EEPROM ocyuectenseres no crenytoureli cxeMe: 1, Yaocroseputées, ro 8 paspsuie EEWE (paspaa 1) peretpa EECR Haxoaurea gor. 0 (paspeuienme sanucn). 2. Banncars aupec sueiix EEPROM b peructp EEAR 3. 3anncar Gait aanHbix 8 pernerp EEDR. Yeranosurs 8 stor. | paspan EEMWE (paspsn 2) perncrpa EECR. Yeranosurs 8 aor. 1 paspan EEWE (paspas 1) perucrpa EECR, 4ro6ni axrapisi- poate npouece 3aninci. Ho okorMaHimo uMksa MporpaMMuporanHa paspan EEWE annapatHo asromaTaue- cku cOpachipaeres 8 stor. 0. TIporpaMMa Mlonbs0BaTE:A JLO‘>KHa HeMpepblsHo OMpaLN- BaTL TOT paspa, OokHsLaA MoABNIEHHA slor, 0, NperkLe HEM MIpHCTYNHTs K MporpaMMit- powarnio caestyrouero Gaitra. Utenne u3 namaTh EEPROM Urenme Gaitra jannibix 13 namaTH EEPROM ocyutecrsasetca 10 Takoii cxeme: 1. 3amucars anpec sueiik EEPROM b peruictp BEAR, 2. Yeranosirs e stor. | paspaa EERE (paspay 0) peructpa EECR, sro6si axraeian- poparb npouece wrenHs. 3. To okontanio cumrbipaiHa paspsaa EERE annapartoe oGecresenie cuirbinaet TpeOyembiii Gaitr B perucrp EEDR, nocae 4ero yke HeT HeOGXOAHMOCTH BHOBD Om pauieart paapag EERE, fockonibky CUHTBIBAHHe AAMTCA TOABKO OHH MK TakTa cHeTeMHOH CHAXpoHH3aL{HH. Tepen Haatom onepann “rena MporpaMMa nonb3oRaTeAs AOWKHA HOCTOAHHO onpaumeats paspan EEWE u xsaTs moapneria sor. 0. Ec 80 apes tiporpamMispo- pana namaTa EEPROM 2 coorsercrayioumii peructp Gyser sanucan HoBbIi anpec HAM AaHHBIe, TO eUle NporOMKaIoUIHiica NpoUeCC MporpaMMupoBanis Gyzer mpepsalt, H pesysbrat 6yner HeompenerenHibiM! O6pa6orTka npepbiBaHun Tipeppinannst — 970 ebis08s1 onpenenentinix dbynKuni, revepapyembie, rasnbim o6pasom, annaparHoil 4acTbIo MAxpoxoHTpomepa. B pesysibrate mpepbiBakiia Bbinon- HeHWe nporpaMMbl ocTaHaBiusaercs, M MpoHcXosHT Mepexom K CooTBeTcTByIONIel nosinporpamMe o6pa6orkH npepsiBaniis. Tipepbisanus Gpieaiot BHyTpeHHHMA H BHeUTHAMH. HcTouHMKaMM BHyTpeHHero Npepbipania sABAAIOTCA BCTPOCHHBIe MoAYM MHKpoKOHTpoTepa (HanpuMep, Taii- Mep/cueTank HH cTopoxkeBoii Talimep). BHeLIHHe npepbiBaHiis BbIsbIBaIOTCA COpocom (carvan Ha ebigoqe RESET) anu curtanamn mperycTanoBieHHoro YpoBHa Ha BbIBOTAX INT. K npamepy, 8 muxpoxortponnepax AVR 3a Xapaktep curHatos Ha RbiBoTaX INTO/INTI, ssrsbisaioulHx npepsiBarine, onpenesseTea C NOMOIIO paspsstOB perucrpa ynpagseni MCUCR: ISCO (paspa 0), ISCO1 (paapaa 1) — ana Bxona INTO; ISC1O (paspazt 2), ISC11 (paspan 3) — nna exona INTI (Taba. 1.2 wra6a. 1.3).OSpasorka npepsicannh 29 Ta6nnua 1.2, BbiGop cnoco6a akTnBusayHu npepbiBahuA no Bxony INTO Paspaa | Paspaa ‘Onncanne z | Isco1 | Iscoo wna : a 0 0 __| Tipeppibanue sbisbiBaeTcs no ypoBHio Nor. 0 Ha Bxone INTO ima 0 _| Mipepeisanue sbisbipaerca no Hucnagaiouemy cporTy Caruana INTO 1 1 | Mpeppisanne sbisbisaercs no HapacTaiowemy cbporry carHana INTO Ta6nnua 1.3. BiGop cnoco6a axTususaumu npepbisannA no Bxony INT1 Paspaa | Paspaa 7 Onveanne | isci1_| ISC10 a 0 | 0 _| Mpepbisanue sisbisaero no yposuio nor. 0 Ha sxone INT 1 | 0 _| Mpeppisanne spisbisaetoa no Hapacraioujemy pony carnana INT 1 1 __| Ripepsiearine sbisnisaercs no Hucnapaiowemy ppoHTy carnana INT B pase Muxpoxorrrposmepos PIC sbiGop dporra Aa akTHBH3aLHH NpeppiBanna ro sxoay INT onpeneaserea cocrosavem paspaga 6 pernctpa OPTION: sor. | 8 9toM pas- pale coorsercrayer npepbikanne Mo HapacrarouleMy, a sor, 0 — Mo HHCraaiolemy dponry currana, Jia yerarioskn sToro paspaa B AabiKe C OOMUHO HCTOAB3yIOT cre unaabible yHkuni. B Muxpokontpontepax AVR Beem mpepsinaiusM, Bkslo4as cOpoc, nocraBieH BcooTBeTCTBHE COScTRcHHDIl REKTOP MpepHIBANH — aypec B HavanbHoit OGnacTH NaMaTH nporpaMM, No KoTOpoMy KOMNMWINTOP pa3MeulaeT KOMAHY Mepexosla K MOL- nporpamMme oGpaGorkn npepvinanua. [epeset BeKTopow mpepbinakiHs B HeKOTOpHIX MosenAX MUKpoKoHTpostepos AVR MOET BBITIAIeTh CmemyIOUHM —O6pazoM (ra6n. 1.4) Ta6nmua 1.4, Bexropbi npepbiaaHii 8 HeKoTopbIx MUKpoKoHTponnepax AVR ‘Aapec 6 namam | feats : ‘Onucanne nporpamm 0x0000 RESET | Curan c6poca [“ox0007 INTO | Buewnni sanpoc a npepeisanne no exoay INTO | 0x00 INT4 | Brewnuit sanpoc wa npepbiBanve no exogy INT1 | [0x00 TICt Saxeat no Talimepy/cverunky T/C —_ [0x0004 TICt Cosnagenue c pervcrpom cpasnenna A Taimepa T/C1 [- 0x0005, TICt Cosnagenue ¢ pervctpom cpaskenma B Taimepa T/C1 [_ 0x0006 TIC1 | Mepenonkenve Tavimepa/cueranka T/C1 | | 0x0007. T/CO___| Flepenontenue taiimepa/cueranka TICO_ 0x0008 SPI ‘Sapepuienme nepenaun AaHHEIX no ATepcency SPI | 0x0009) UART, | Tipnem 6alita npwemonepenatunkom UART sasepui [0x00 UART | Pernctp ganibix npnemonepesatunka UART nycr 0x0008, UART Tepenava panne npnemonepenatunkom UART sasepuiena (0x000C [ANA _COMP | Nipepsisanne ot avanorosoro Kownaparopa B muxpoxorrponsepax PIC vetowHHkH npepbisatiia, Kpome RESET, He pacemar PHBAIOTEA B OTAEMBHOCTH, HM OGbINHO COOTBETCTRYET ONMH REKTOP, a B HEKOTOPKIX MO- AeAAX — BA BeKTOPA JMIA MpepbiBanHii ¢ pasiH4HOH NpHOpHTeTHOCTBIO (B_MHKPOKOH- Tponnepax AVR ace NpepbiBaHa HMeIOT OAHHAKOBLIH NpHOpHTeT, HB ciIYy4ae O:LHO- BPeMeHHOTO BOSHHKHOBEHHA ABYX MpepbiBanuli HepebiM OOpaGarsiBaercs ipepbinanne © MeHbiMM HoMepom BekTOpa). OnpeslenaTs, KaKOe HMeHHO MpeppiBanHe TpebyeT 6- coyAMBaHs, — aaa NPOrpaMMHcTa, H MHOrHe KOMMHUISTOpbI ¢ s3bIKa C MIpenoc~30 nasa 1. Apxwrexrypa muxpoKouTponnepos AVR w PIC TABAMOT {LIA STOH UENH rOTOBLIE GyHKUUH, OCBOSOXK/LAIOULMe OT HEOGXOAAMOCTH ca- MOMY “BBIYHCJIATS” HCTOUHHK MpepbiBanHs. B MoMeHT BOSHHKHOReHHA npepbibals B Crek rlomeulaeTes aapec BosHpaTa — anpec KoMaHAbL, KOTOPAA JODHA ObITs BbINOTHEHA NepRoil NOCme BbIXOJa H3 NosTpo- rpamMbr o6pa6orku ripepbisanus. B pesyabtare BbinomHeHHA nlocsesHel accemOnep- HoH KoMaHjts MoazMporpaMMbl O6paGoTKH npepbinata (ani MHKpoKOHTposepoR AVR — 970 KoMaHita reti, a Wa MUKpoKoHTpomtepos PIC — ret fie) anpec Bo3- bpaTa H3BIeKACTCA H3 CTeKA B CHCTHMK KOMAHA, H BBITIOTHEHHE MPorpaMMbl MPososDKa- eres. Ynpasienue npepvicanuamu 6 MukpoKonmpossepax AVR B mukpoxorrponaepax AVR 3a ynpassienne npeppisariamn oTBeuator, riasiiM oOpazom, Herbipe perucrpa: GIMSK (General Interrupt Mask Register) — paspemiaer wn 3anpemaer BueuinHe npepbiBanHs no Bxosy INTONTI; GIER (General Interrupt Flag Register) — peruerp dbaarop pHeumx npepstpa- anit, TIMSK (Timer/Counter Interrupt Mask Register) — peruetp Mackuposaniia npepsipanuit or raiimepa/cuerunka T/CO u TIC1; ‘TIFR (Timer/Counter Interrupt Flag Register) — perucrp ¢bnaros npepsisanmit oT Taiimepon/cueraHkos. O cocrosHin mpeppinaiua curianiaupyeT coorsercrsyroutuii «psiar, KoTOpLiii yo~ TaHapnupactes HH cOpachiBaerca 8 perucrpe dbaarop. Jlwke ec B perucTpe MacKH Npepbibakuit ycTaHoBNeH COOTRETCTBYIONIMi OTHeNbHBI paspa’ paspellleHHA rIpepst- BaHs, TO MpepbiBaHHa MOFYT aKTHBHSHPOBATHCA TOMBKO Tora, KOTA B perHcTpe co- ctostiua SREG ycratopzex paspaa o6ulero paspemenus npepsiannit | (paspan 7). Ec~ JIM 970 HMeeT MecTO, 1 Hacrynaer mpepbiBatine, To BbitionHeHHe NporpaMMe! OTBETB:AA- eres no coorsetcTayromemy anpecy (cM. Ta6n. 1.4) u paspan oOuero paspeutenua npe- poiwanuii | 8 peructpe SREG cOpacnipaercs w cocrosiue sor. 0, 6AOKHpys TeM camtbiMt nocienyioune npepprBanus. Ecan Tpe6yerca npepearb noxnporpamMy JipyruM mpeppi- BaHHeM, TO NOCHE BXONA B ogNporpaMMy OOpaGOTKH MpEpEIBAHIAA porpaMMa 1l0s1L30- Barend 2OskHa ycTaHoBHTs duiar IB aor. 1 Bmecte ¢ Bxo0M B mloaporpaMMy O6pa6orkH npepbisaniia arnapatHo c6pacwisa- eres TawKe H CooTBeTCTEYIOUUMi! har, BbIZBABIIKH IpepsiBanHe. HeKoTopHe dsiarH HpepsiBaknit Moryr Obirs COpouteHbi caMHM mlosTb20BaTesIeM MlocpencTBOM YcTaHOBKH coorsererayioutero dyaara B sior. 1. Peructp GIMSK Peructp GIMSK (puc. 1.3), pacnonorkeniiniii 8 oGsacTH BBosa/ssiROMA TO anpecy 0x003B (agpec B SRAM — 0x005B), ucnombsyeren sy1A paspewenHa BHEMIHHX Mpe- poipannii z 6 5 4 3 2 INT1 | INTO -[-[-][-[- = Puc. 1.3. Crpyxrypa perucrpa GIMSK mukpoxoHrponnepos AVRObpasorxa npepsisannt 31 Ecau paspaa INTI/INTO ycraHoenert 8 sior. 1, TO BHeLHee MpepbiBaHHe No Bxosy INTI/INTO Gyaer paspeuteHo no Tex Mop, NoKa yeranopmeH B stor. | paspsa | B peructpe cocrostinst SREG. Pernctp GIFR Coctosiive BHeuIHero npepsiganus onpexensetes no perucrpy GIFR (pic. 1.4), Koroppiii pacnosoxen B OGnacTH BBOLA/BHIBOJa NO anpecy 0x003A (anpec SRAM 0x005A) ann? 6 5 4 3 2 4 0 [tra] intro] — -|- oa Sal Puc. 1.4. Crpytypa pernerpa GIFR maxpoxorrponnepos AVR nar INTFI/INTFO yctanasmueaeres B aor. 1, ecm BosHMKaer BHEUIHee pepsi Bae no curwany Ha ebizone INTI/INTO. Tp exose 8 noznporpammy o6paGorKn IipepsiBanua 3TOT paspalt NepesouUTcs annapatHo B HCXOAHOE cocTOsHHE JOF. 0. Perncrpti TIMSK u TIFR Pernetp TIMSK (puc. 1.5), pacnionoKeHnuiit 8 OSAacTH BBOAa/BbIBONA NO anpecy 0x0039 (agpec B SRAM — 0x0059), ucflombsyeTes Aya pa3peuieHHs NpepbiBaHHit OT ‘raiimepon/cueTunkos (paccMaTpHiBaloTeA HiDke B STO xe Fane). Z 6 5 4 3 2 1 oO Toit [ocierajociers] — [Ticie1 | — | To1e0 ~ Puc. 1.5. Ctpykrypa permcrpa TIMSK wuxpoxourponnepos AVR Cocrosiie npeppivaniit, HMCIOMHX OTHOUIeHHe K TalimepaM/cHeT4HkaM: MUKpo- koutponsepon AVR, onpesteaseres no peructpy TIFR (puc. 1.6), KoTopsilt pacniono- 2keH B OOsACTH BBOAA/BLIBONIA MO apecy 0x0038 (anpec SRAM — 0x0058). 7 5 4 3 2 1 0 TOV1 | OCF1A | OCF1B nc ICF1 ne | Tove aan Puc. 1.6. Ctpyxrypa pernerpa TIFR muxpoxontponmepos AVR Kora paspsa TOIEL paspia I 8 peructpe coctosius SREG ycranonsensi por. 1, TO paspemieno mpepbisanne npu nepenosnenan T/CI, B cny4ae nepertomie- nits 8 peruerpe TIFR yeranasnnpaetes dar TOV. Ec paspaa OCIELA paspan I 8 peructpe cocrossia SREG yeranoenensi Bor, 1, TO paspellieHo Npepsibae pH CoBriaxeHHM Cosep>KUMOrO perHicTpa cpaBHie- Hus A c TekyitM cocTosvem T/CI. B cay4ae cosnagenus, B perucrpe TIFR ycratian- sumpaetes ipnar OCFIA. Ecaw paspaa OCIEIB 4 paspan | 8 peructpe cocrosua SREG ycranopnennt Bor. 1, 70 paspelaeres mpepbiBanie NpH coBnaneHHH conep»xMOrO perueTpa cpaB- nena Bc Texymum coctosnem T/C1. B cnysae copnagenua, 8 peructpe TIFR yera- napsanpaercs sar OCF 1B Eca paspiq TICIE! m paspaa IB pernetpe cocrosna SREG ycranossenst Bator. I, To paspeuiaerca npepbinanne npHt BbinosHeHHH yonoBHA saxBara. Korsa B03 hukaer cpaGarbieatiHe no 3axeary, B peruerpe TIFR yetananaunaeres dar ICF1.32_Fnasa 1. Apxrresrypa muxpoxorrponnepos AVR w PIC Ecsn pazpan TOIEO 1 paspsit I 8 peructpe cocrosuns SREG yeranonsenb! 8 stor 1, to paspemiaetes npepeisare np neperroanennn Talimepa/cueranKa T/CO. B Tako cayuae, 8 peructpe TIFR yeranansmupaetes ¢baar TOVO. Yeravionka B sor. | onnioro #3 ¢bnaron B peractpe TIFR npusogur k nepexosy 110 coorsereTsyioulemy BekTopy npepbivania. Tp Bxone B nloanporpamMy o6padorKit npeppinanus, daar B peructpe TIFR annapatio cOpacbipaetes B s10r. 0. Vanpacaenue npepotcanuamu 6 muxpokoumpossjepax PIC B muxpoxonposnepax PIC ynpanjene npepsinaHvaMH peanH3oBano c MOMOULbIO perrictpos creuHanbHbix pyHkunii, H oTAHMaeTes OT yerpolicTBa k Yerpolicray. K mpi Mepy, B MHKpoKoHTpoanepax PICI2C6x, PIC14000, PICI6x su1# 9TOM ueAH HenosKay- ores pernierpet INTCON (puc. 1.7), PIE # PIR, a nporpanaer o6paGorKs npepsinansti @ HANMHAIOT HCMOMHATHCA C ampeca 0x004. im 6 5 4 3 2 4 oO GIE | PEIE Tore | INTE | RBIE | TOIF | INTF | RBIF Puc. 1.7. Peructp INTCON wuxpoxorTponnepos PIC12C6x, PIC14000, PIC16x Paspan GIE — oro daar o6utero paspeutenis npepoivannii, Ecau on yeranossen Astor. 1, TO BCC HEMACKHPORAHHBIE MpepHRAHHs paspeMleHbl, ec %Ke OH COpouleH B stor. 0, To Bce Mpepsinaniis 3anpemteHt Paspat PEIE perucrpa INTCON Moxker Hcriombsonarée B KatiecTRe bara paspe- UleHHs BCX MpepsinAHHit OF epHdepHH, OnIpeslesKeMBIX ¢ TOMOUtEIO perHcrpor PIE PIR. nar TOIE paspemaer (sor. 1) WH sanpeutaet (or. 0) npepsinanns mpH nepe- nomHenmu Talimepa TMRO), a cbaar TOIF onpeneaser 3anpoc Ha cooTBeTeTRyIoulee npepbieanne. Paspat INTE — ¢pnar paspemenns niemero npepsinaiinsa m0 Bxosy INT, a pas pan INTF — nar sanpoca Ha npepsinania no sToMy Bxogy. Anamoranoe suauenne, Ho ju18 nopra B uMeror paspsutbt RBIE m RBIF. Perucrp PIE conepaur ¢paarn paspeuienua ripepbinanuit or nepudepuiineix yor- poiicta, a perucrp PIR — cootnercrsyioute ¢paara sampocos Ha npepeisanie, MosH- LMM paspsloB B STHX PerHCTpAX jUIK PaXIHYHbIX MAKPOKOHTPosLIepoR OTAMHAKOTCA. Muxpokoxtponnepsi cepun PIC17Cx B mukpoxontpoanepax cepun PICI7Cx ticnonbayetes “eTsipe BeKTopa npepiBa- nuit: 000008 — BHeumee npeptiBarue no Bxony INT (npuopHrer — BBicoKHit), 000010 — npepsisanne or Taimepa TMRO (npHopurer — BbicoKnid); 000018 — sHeumHee mpepbisarne 10 Bxony TOCK | (npuoputer — Bbico- Knit); 000020 — npepwisanue or nepucpepuiinix yerpoiicrs ((npHoputer — HH3- Kui). Jaa ynpannenus npepbisanuann 8 3Toli cepuit MUKpoKOHTposInepoR HeMOMsyerCA pernerp INTSTA (pute. 1.8).OGpaGorka npeprisann 33 6 5 4 3 2 1 oO 7 E [ PeIF TOCKIF] TOIF INTF PEIE |TOCKIE| TOIE INTE Puc. 1.8. Perncrp INTSTA muxpoxorponnepos PIC17Cx PaccMoTpHM HasHasielte paspsjloB 9TOrO perHeTpa: PEIF — ycrasanaupaeres B stor. |B cny¥ae 3aslepxXkH MpepbiBaHHa, HHMLHH- posansioro nepucbepuitieim yerpolicrBom; TOCKIF — ¢aar paspemenna sieunero npepsiBanns no Bxoay TOCKI (mpi. nepexone kK BeKTopy 0x00018 anmapatHo c6pacpiBaeTcs B Hor. 0); TOIF — daar nepenonHenus cuerunka TMRO (npH mepexoue K BeKTOpy 000010 annaparHo c6pactisaeres B stor. 0); INTF — gbaar paspemenna eheuinero npepsisanns 110 Bxoay INT (npH nepe- Xosle K BeKTOpy 0x00008 annapaTHo c6pacpiBaercs B stor. 0); PEIE — cpaar paspewenna npeppinannit or nepadepuiinerx ycrpoiicrs; TOCKIE — daar paspeurenna suewnux npepsisannit no Bxoay TOCKI; TOIE — dbnar paspeutea npepsiannii or razimepa TMRO; INTE — ¢nar paspeuenua npeppinannit no pxoay INT. narn paspewennii 1 sanpocos Ha mpepbleaHus OT BHEUINUX yeTporicTB HaxosyITCA B perverpax PIE u PIR. [pi 5tom Hx paspsibl HMeIOT CaleAYIOULYIO BAHMOCDsID C He- pubepuett makpoxorrtposiepa: Banu? PICI 0 (RCIE/RCIF) — npuem nanHtx npHemonepeaatanxom UASRT; 1 (TXIE/TXIF) — nepenasa aannbix npnemonepenarunkom UASRT; 2 (CAIIE/CAIIF) — mogyas CCP; 3 (CA2IE/CA2IF) — monyas CCP2; 4 (TMRIIE/TMR IF) —raitmep TMR1; 5 (TMR2IE/TMR2IF) — raiiep TMR2; 6 (TMR3IE/TMR3IF) — taiimep TMR3; 7 (RBIE/RBIF) — nopt B. Mukpokoxtponneppi cepun PIC18Cx B stoi cepa MuxpoKontposmepos PIC npuMensetes cxema ynpapaennia npepsi- MM, HeMHOTO HarloMMHaroulas 3atelicrBoBakHyto B cepusx PIC12C6x, PIC14000, 6x, Ontako ecrs YeTbIpe BaXKHBIX OTIMUHA: K@KAOMY HeTOUHHKY npepEinannit zanacres coScTBeHHbIi yponeHt npHopitTe- Ta; BMecro onHoro peruetpa INTCON ncronpsyeres Tp (INTCON, INTCON2, INTCON3); BMecto oHoro peruetpa PIE H PIR vcnonbayetes m0 apa (PIE I/PIE2; PIRI/PIR2): npucyrersyer pernerpst IPR1 1 IPR2, sanaiouite mpuoprtersi npepsiBannii oT niepucbepuitneix yerpoiicrs. 36-76734 _fnana 1. Apxnrextypa muxpoKorTponnepos AVR ut PIC Paccmorpum srauane peruerps! INTCON (put. 1.9). patie 6 5 43 2 41 9 | INTOIF IF INTCON |_SIE_|_ PEIE [rwroe INTOIE | RBIE |TMROIF | INTOIF| RBI -— 6 5 4 3 2 aeeeeed oO INTCON? | -RBPU |INTEDSOINTEDSI|INTEDE2| — |TMROIP| — | RBIP | 7 6 5 4 3 2 geaat INTCON | INT2IP | INTIIP |) — INT2IE | INTHE it INT2IF I INT1F Puc. 1.9. Peructpsi INTCON muxpoxoHrponnepos PIC18Cx Hasnavenne paspssion perncrpos INTCON: INTCON: + GIE— daar o6mero paspenienna mpeppiBatit + PEIE — daar paspeutenins scex 3anpocos Ha npeppinarine ¢ HH3KHM MH oputerom; + TMROIE — daar paspewenns npepiwanuii ot talimepa TMRO; + INTOIE — daar paspeuienns npepsieannit no Bxoay INTO; + RBIE — caar paspeutenus npeppieanus no u3MeHeHuio cocrosuns nopta B; + TMROIF — sanpoc na mpepsiganue ot Talimepa TMRO; + INTOIF —sanpoc na npepinaine no exony INTO; + RBIF — sanpoc Ha npepsinanie no W3MeHeHiio cocrosHis riopta B; INTCON2: + INTEDGO — sti6op porta suis eHeumnero npepsiBans no Bxony INTO (aor. | — no Hapacratouremy ¢porty); + INTEDGI — sbiGop porta aia sHeuIero npepsisanns m0 Bxomy INTI (aor. | —no Hapacratomemy (poxty); + INTEDG2 — sbiGop porta saa pHeUero npepbrsattia mo Bxomy INT2 (aor. | — 0 Hapacratowemy pouty); + TMROIP — 2anaer ebicokuii npuoprrer aia npepsipanua or Talimepa TMRO; + RBIP — sanaer sbicoxuii npuopner su MpepbiBariia No H3MeHEHHTO co- crosuHa nopta B; INTCON3: + INT2IP — sanaer abicoxuit npHopirer jaa BHeUIHHx npepbiBalinié 0 BxoAY INT2; + INTIIP —sanaer ebicoxuit npnopirer aaa BHeUIHHX npepbIRAHnit No BxOAY INT]; + INT2IE — oar paspemienns exeumix mpepsrsannii no Bxony INT2; + INTUE — daar paspeuientis seumix npepsisannii no sxony INT1; + INT2IF —3anpoc na npeppinanue no Bxony INT2; + INTIIF — sanpoc a npepsianne m0 Bxony INTI Crpyxtypa peruerpos PIE noxasana 1a pac. 1.10.PIE1 PIE2 Copoc_ 35 z 6 5 4 SEeeeeeet2 1 0 pspie | ADIE | RCIE | TXIE | SSPIE |CCPIIE| TMRZIE|TMRIIE| 6 5 4 3 2 4 0 = = ee — | BCLIE | LVDIE | TMR3IE copate] Puc. 1.10. Pernctpe! PIE muxpoxontporinepos PICT8Cx Hasnauenue paspajos peructpos PIE: PSPIE — daar paspeueniua npepsisantis or PSP npu einionHennn onepawnié “TeHia/sarincn: ADI RCIE — daar paspeusetms npeppinasius or USART mpi npeme zanebix; TXIE — ¢aar paspemenus npepsisanus or USART mpu nepesave naninbix; SSPIE — daar paspeureris npepsisatiia or MSSP; CCP IIE — nar paspeutenna npeppinaria or Mogyaa CCP1: TMR2IE — daar paspemenna npeppisaria mpa copnanenin conepxuMoro taiimepa TMR2 #1 peructpa PR2; TMRITE — daar paspeuenis npepbizanis npu rtepentomneauu TaiiMepa TMRI; BCLIE — ¢paar paspemenus npeppinanus npH KondsnKre Ha uiMHe; LVDIE — daar paspeutetiis npepsizaria np oSHapyskeHiiH HHBKOrO ypoBHA TuTaioulero HanpsaKeHHA; — oar paspeureniia npeppianuia rio sanepureHio ALLT; TMR3IE — daar paspeuierins npeppipanna npx nepenomHenun Talimepa TMR3; CCP2IE — oaar paspeuienua npepsieanius or Monyaa CCP2. Pernerpot PIR # IPR uMetor cxoanyto cTpyKTypy H B3aHMOcBA3b paspaloB ¢ pas AWHBIMH yorpoiicTRaMH HM MoaynaMn. C6poc C6poe — 970, no cyTH, onHa 13 opm npepbiBanuii, BEIsbIBAIOMIaA nepesanycK MHKpOKOHTposepa (annapatHad HHMYKANM3auHs BCeX perneTpoR ynpanteHHa H Te pucbepuiinerx yerpolicTs H BbinonrieHHe nporpaMMbl, HasHtas c anpeca 0x0000). Bex- Top e6poca Bcer sta PacrlonorkeH CAMBIM TIePBLIM Bosmoxtbi cresyroule Bapuanst c6poca: cOpoc pH ekmouenun muTaHHA; BHeUHHi COpoc — curHas c6poca nomaetes Ha cooTBeTCTSyIOUUMit BEIBON MHK- pokortponsiepa; c6poc of cropoxesoro TaliMepa — MUKpoKoHTponnep cOpacbinaeres no HeTe- UeHHIO BpeMeHH, 3a/laHHOTo CTOPOXKEBBIM TaliMepoM, ecaM 9TOT TaiiMep OBIT paspeuiet36 [nasa 1. Apxurextypa Mukpoxontponnepos AVR # PIC. B sroii krure Syner paccmoTpen NoapoGHiee ToABKO TpeTHit BH: COpoca B pastene, TOcRALLEHHOM CTOpoxKeBoMy TaliMepy. “Cnaujue” pexumbl npoueccopa Muxpoxonrponnepsi AVR ut PIC zonyckaior nepexoa 8 “cnsuuit” pexnm, Koraa NpoUcXoANT BpeMeHHoe OTKMIOUEHHE FeHepaTopa TakTORBIX HMMysIscoR. B TAKOM pe- akHMe loTpeGienHe IHeprHH cBeseHO K MHHUMYMY, a BbIXog H3 Hero ocyulecTeAseTes IpH Noay¥eHHH 3anpoca Ha Mpeppreanite. THepexoa “crammii” pekum peanuayetcs mo accemGepHoi KoMaile sleep Bcnyuae Muxpokoxtponstepos AVR, mpi 3TOM jomKeH GbITs ipenBapHTesbHo yera- nopnen stor. | paspia SE (paapsin 5) perucrpa ynpannenus MCUCR. Koraa Bo ppema pexuMa nloHMKeHHOro SHepronoTpeGsleHHs MPOHCXOAMT npepsi- BaHHe, LeHTpalbHbIit Npoueccop BEIXOAT H3 “CTIAUIETO” PerKHMA, BbINONHACT MOLNpO- rpaMMy O6paOoTku npepbiRanna HM MpososKaeT BbINOTHEHHe NporpaMMbl C KOMAHALbI, caleayiouleli nocae KoMaHigbI sleep. Ecim BO BpeMs pexKHMa NOHMKEHHOTO Heprono- TpeSnenius moctynaet cura COpoca, TO UeHTpAaTbHBIl Npoueccop BHIXOAMT Hs “crA- lero” pexuma 1 mpomomKaeT BbINOTHeHHe MIporpaMMbl ¢ KOMaHNAbI, pacronorxKeHHOll no anpecy $000 8 o6acTH KoMaHa. Thi Muxpoxowrpoatepos AVR Moxker GbiTb BbiGpan onMH 13 aByx “criauLHX” pe~ 2K MOB: B axzymem peaume (Idle Mode) paSora npoueccopa nipHocranasaupaetcs, Ho Taiimep/cuerank, cTopoxenoii TaiiMep, cHcTeMa NpepbiBaHHii n TakTHpoBanHs ocraiores akTHBHbIMH, Baaroslaps 9TOMy, HeHTpabHbiii Npoueccop MOreT GbrTb BosBpAUeH B OGEIUNEH pexHM paGOTbI ¢ MOMOLLDIO CTOPOrKEBOTO TaliMe- pa, Talimepa/cueTanka HH BHeUIHero MpepbiBanHs. B pexume nonmaxennoro sHepronorpedsenust (Power Down Mode) cuctem- HbIii OCLULTAATOP (a 3HAYHT H Bech MHKPOKOHTPOMep) HAXOHTCA B OTKOHEH- Hom cOcTOsHHH. B TaKOM pexkHMe C ToMOUIbIO BHYTPeHHero RC-reHepatopa KoseSaHHii MOKET BKONATECA JIMILIL CTOPOrKEBOH TaliMep CO CROHM CobCTBEH- HibiM OGecriedeHHeM TakTOBOH YacToTOH, AKTHBHBI CropoxkeBoll Taliep nO VCTeHCHHH BPeMeHH 3alleprKKH OMSTh MlepeBoAHT MHKPOKOHTposep B HOP- MastbHoe cocrosnine, Ecsn cropoxkenoli Taiimep Tatoke OTKIMOMEH, TO B Hop- MasIbHOe COCTOSHHE EFO MOKET MlePeRECTH TONKO BLM: cHrHAN COpoca HH bHeluHee npepbinatine. BuiGop omnoro u3 “crstHX” pekHMOR B MHUKPoKOHTpoamepax AVR ocymectBsa- eres ¢ MloMoutbto paspaza SM (paspan 4) peruerpa ynpapneana MCUCR. Ecau paspast SM ycranossten B s10r. 1, TO MHKPOKOHTPOIep NepeBosHTeH B PErKHM MOHIDKEHHOFO oHepronorpeSseniis nocienyioutelt KoMaHsOi sleep, ecan 2Ke paspat SM cGpouteH B sor. 0, TO NlocneAyIoMLei MHKPOKOHTPOsEp NepenOsUTEA BIKAYULNI PeKHM B TOM cay4ae, ecsin pane e peruetpe MCUCR 6a yerationnen paspst SE. Tavmepbi/cueTunku Talimepbi/cueTankH — 9T0, HasepHoe, HaHGonee YacTo HcTIOnb3yembIe MosynH MHKPoKoHTpormepor. C HX TOMOMIKIO MOXKHO H3MEPATb MPOMEXYTKH BPeMeHH H Hac- TOTY, ONPeAeNATh LIMPHHY UMMYsIbCOB, BEINHCAATE cKOpocTh HT.a. XOTH OH H HeTaimeppiicuerunkn 37 Nonb3yloreA JUIA HIMepera BPEMeHH, Ha CAMOM Jee ped’ WET OF OGBIYHBIX BONY MbIX cHeTHHKAX B Muxpoxonrpoanepax AVR n PIC enonbayiotes Kak 8-, Tak 1 16-paspaatibie yaiimepaicueTankn. PaspsHocth onpestenseT MOMeHT nepenomHenna cHeTHuka (B03- spar B Hysenoe cocrosHne). Tak, su19 8-paspanHoro CHeTHMka NepertomHienMe Hactyma- er, Kora cHeT slocTuraer 255, a asi 16-paspaaHoro — 65535. Kosmuecteo TaiiMepon/cueTHHKOB H HX paspsHOCTh B MHKPOKOHTpostIepax OTIIH- uiaeTCH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT MosleH, H HOTOMY B AAHHOM pasaeste GysyT pacemorpenbt TOKO OBUIMe BONPOCI, HMEIOUIME OTHOUIEHHE K HCTOMbIOBAHIO Talime- pos/cueranKor. Ecau Taiimep/cuetank QyHKUMOHMpyer B KatecTBe CHeTAHKa, TO OH MoCHHTBIBACT Sueno HMNYsIbcOB, NOCTYNAIOULAX Ha ONpeMeNeHHIH BXO MHKPOKOHTposepa. B 3TOM caytae cooTseTcTeYIONIMit BLIBOA ONKEH OBITS cKOHUTYpHpoBAH B HHMUHANHSALH- ofl NacTH Mporpanml Kak BXOR. B caywae ncnomb3opatiaa B KauecrRe TaiiMepa, YacToTa TakTHpoBaHHs TaiiMe- pa/cdeTHHika ABNAeTCA NPONSBONNO BEHYMHO! OT TakTA CHCTeMHO!! CHEIXpOHH3AuMH BHYTpenHero KBapueBoro OcuMMIsTOpa. TIpH 3TOM Talimepsi/cHeTHHKH icTIOmB3y!oT 8 KaYecTBe TAKTOBOTO CHTHana pasleneHHbIl TAKT cHCTeMHO!L CHHXpoHHBaLuH. Kood- QuueHT AeaeHHA MpeaBApHTeNbHOTO AeAHTeNA YacTOTH! MOxKeT HACTpaMBATECH MiNH- RHAYANbHO [18 K@KNOTO U3 TaiiMepoB C MOMOLLDIO MYTBTUMIeKCOpa, ynpaBsstemoro paapsaamn 3 peructpa ynpasnenns Taiimepa/cierauka. Tatimepo/cuemuuxu muxpoxonmponsepos AVR B muxpokortpontepax AVR Moryt Hcronb3oparecs caenyioume Taiime- pui/cuerankn: 8- wan 16-paspaaneiit T/CO; 16-paspaaneiii T/C1; 8- nan 16-paspanueiit T/C2. Peruerpst ynpannesns 6 oToM cay4ae Hasbinaiorea TCCRO, TCCRI u TCCR2 (pacnosnoxeHbt B OGnacTH BROMa/BbIBORA), a PEXHM PAaGOTEI 4 KOdpHUHEHT jeneHUA HacTOTbl OCUAAAATOpA OMpesteseTes loMOUIIO paspaoB CSx2, CSx1 H CSx0 arHx pernctpor. K npuMepy, suis Talimepos/cueranxos T/CO # T/C1 pbiGop pexktMa H BxO- HOTO TakTa MOAHO OTIPENeAHT C MOMOUIDIO KOMOMHAIHi paspaoB, MIpeAcTaBACHHbIX eras. 1.5 Ta6nuuya 1.5. Bui6op pexuma M sxoqHoro TakTa ana T/CO w TIC1 MuKpoKoHTponnepos AVR [CSx2 [CSxt [CSxO TT Onneanne naee [oJ 0 Fo | Ocranoe - 0 0 1_| Pexum “Tavimep”, Takt = TakT CMCTeMHOM CMHXpoHMsayMn (Omai|eaat 0 | Pexum “Talimep”, Takr = TaKr cucremHoli cuHxpounsayun / 6 O 1 | 1 | Pexn “Taiimep”, Takt = Takt cucTeMHoM CMHxpoHuaaumn / 64 1 | 0 [0 | Pexnu “Taimep”, Takt = TaKt cucTemHon cuHxponnaaynn / 256 1 0 1 | Pexum “Taimep", Taxt = Tak cncTemHon cuHxponnsaynn / 1024 1 1 0 | Pexnm *Cuerunk’, Takt — sHewii Ha exoge TO (T1), axrmaHuin cbpowt curuana — nncnapaiounh - | 1 1 | Pexnm “Cueruuk, Taxr — sHewHni Ha exoge TO (T1), axtuanbin 7 | pont curHana — Hapacraioumia i38 [napa 1. ApxuTexrypa wukpoKoHTponnepos AVR ut PIC Jyia TIC2 KomGuHaunH paspss0n CS22, CS21 4 CS20 moryt HMerb pastoe 3Ha4e- Hive 218 pasiH4HbIX Mogestell MUKPOKONTpOLTEpOB. Tico Cxema paSorti Taiimepa/cueranka T/CO, npenctasnena Ha puc. 1.11. Ganpoc na npepswearine now neperenneHin TICO Bryroetuan 8-paspranan luna Aare Lijit ie 0 Pemerp TMSK | | Pemcp TIER | | Perucrp TOCRO TITITT TE Z o 2 Sey Permcrp TCNTOunHeHT sarnomenna g = 6/10 Him g = 3/5. AHaTorH4Ho, jWarpaM- ma C Ha pac. 1.15 nokasbiaer COOTHOLEHHs JUId HHBepTHpoRAHHOTO BbIXoAHOTO LIMM-curiiana. B pexkume IMM ycrataamueaerca dpnar nepenonvenua TOV 1, ecm cuerunk npa HOCTInKeHHH CocToaHHA 0 McHaeT HanpapseHHe cyeTa Ha OOpatHoe. 30 npeppiBanne no T/C] mpu nepenosnennu, Kak H NpH HopManbHoli paGoTe B pexUMe CHETHHKa, BbI- 3biBaeTCH B TOM cayHae, ech ycTaHoBNeH daar oOulero paspeulenua ripepeisarnit | B perncrpe coctoaria SREG, a TawKe ar TOIE! 8 peructpe TIMSK. B coorserer- BMH C 9THM, MpepbIBaHHa np copnagean peructpor TCNT1 4 OCRIA/OCRIB abi auipaiores Torna, Korita B pernerpe TIMSK yeraHossen daar oOulero paspetcHHs nipepsipanuii v dbsiar OCIELA/OCIEIB. B ornowtenun Taiimepa/cueranka T/C] ocrasoct paceMorpers eure perueTp ynpap- nenna TCCRIB (aapecy 0x2E p oSmacTH Beoga/sbIBoAa, aupec 0x4E 8 SRAM). Crpyk- ‘Typa perucrpa TCCRIB nokasana wa puc. 1.16. z 6 5 4 3 2 4 0 ICNC1 | ICES1 | — - erct | osi2 | csi1 | cs10 Puc. 1.16. Perncrp TCCR1B ralimepa/cverunka T/C1 Kak yoxe 6bu10 ckasatio pare, paspaati 0-2 uctonsayiores sua BbiGopa YacrorDt raxraponanua T/C] (eM. Tada, 1.5). Ecan paspaa CTC] ycranoszen p sor. 1, To TCL Bo3BpallaeTes B CocTOAHHe 0x0000 no HMNysbCy TakTa cHcTeMHOH CHHXpoHHsanHH, cilelyroulero nocne copnayeHua cofepxKUMoro CHeTUHKa H perncTpa cpasHeHua A. Tipu paGore & pexkume LLIMM stor paspan Ha mpouece paGorbi HHKaK He BAAeT. Paspaa ICES! onpeneaser, KakuM O6pasom JOKHA OcyLecTBATECA Mepetaya coctosia cueTuHka B pervicrp saxnara ICRI: no Hapactaiouemy (ICESI=1) #1 110 nucnagaioulemy dpouty (ICES1=0). Paspaa ICNC1 onpenesser, 2oKHO nH GbrTh AKTHBHIHpORAHO HogaRMeHHE NoMex (ecau ICNC! = 0, To nogassienne nomex oTKmoueHO). J[1A MofaBieHHs KpaTkospeMeH- HBIX HMMyIBCOB HOMEX, KOTOPIe MOFYT IpHBeCTH K OLIMGONHOMY 3anlycKy, BxO;HOI cHTHan 30HAupyerca Ha NPOTHKeHHH MeTBIPeX NepHOAOR TAkTA CHCTeEMHO! CHHXPOHH3a- uuu. Tonbko nocae Toro Kak GyAyT pacrlosHaHbl YeTbIpe MocteAOBATEMbHbIX HUSKHX WIM BbICOKX YpOBHA BXOAHOFO CHTHaA, YTO oN|pestenseTea paspatom ICES |, mpu akTHBHOM TOMABNeHHH NOMeX BysleT BbINOAHEHA 3aNck TeKYULeTO COCTOANHA CHeTHHKa B perHerp ICRI. TIC2 Taiimep/cuerank T/C2 oGb4Ho HMeeT paspaaHocTs 8 Gur u peawuayer dynkunn cpasHenua Ha suixoze # LMM, ananorissie T/C1. Octiontiaa oco6ennoct T/C2 sa- KUOYAeTCA B TOM, HTO B KAYeCTBE HCTOUHKa TAKTOBbIX HMMYsILCOB OH MOXKET HCTIONID- 30BaTb reHeparop, HesaBHCHMBIM oT cHcTeMHOrO. JL1a ynpasnenua T/C2 Ucnomayiores awa peruetpa: ASSR (puc. 1.17) 1 TCCR2 (puc. 1.18).44 _Tnava 1, Apxwrexrypa muxpoKorrponnepos AVR w PIC 3 2 4 0 AS2 Ten2ugocrzua TCR2UBI Puc. 1.17. Peruerp ASSR talimepa/cuerwnka T/C2 Ecau yeranonuts Bor. 1 paspat AS2, To B KaecTRe HCTOUHHKA TAKTOBBIX HM- NYNbCOB MOXKHO HCHOMBIORATS BHEMTHHI OCUAAIATOP. OcraBiMHecs TPH paspasta (0-2) HcHOALSYIOTCA B NPOTpAMMAX !1A MPOBEPKH TOTO, NTO /LAHHbIe He 3aM1HCbIBAIOTCA B Pe- ructppt T/C2 8 TOT MOMeHT, KOr/a OHH O6HOBAMOTCS annapaTHo. Takas poBepKa He O6xomHMA No Toi NpHuHHe, TO ocuWLINTOp T/C2 paGoraeT acHHXPOHHO NO OTHOUE- Hio K cHCTeMHoMy OCIAAATOpY. a 6 5 4 3 2 4 I cRean | — | pwn | com2i|comeo| crea | csz2 [ eset | cs20 | Puc. 1.18. Perncrp TCCR2 raimepa/cverwnxa T/C2 Yeranonka p stor. | paspssta PWM2 nepesoaur TIC2 8 pexum LUMM. Hastayenue paspaton COM21 1 COM20 naeirusHo HasHaseHnio paspatos COMIx1 1 COMIx0 ralimepa/everauxa T/C] — pbiGop pexkHMa cpaBHeHHa Ha BIXoste. Paspaa CTC2 onpenenser, A0soKeH JH CHETHAK COpacbiBaTbeA B Hys1b pH COBra- AHHH ero Co;epAHMOTO © perHcTpom cpasHeHHs. Paspstb 0-2 onpenesaioT 4acrory TakTOROrO CHTHAMa, MOAYYeHHOFO ¢ MOMOMLbIO MIpeABapHTeNbHOFO sleNHTesIA acTOTHL ‘TakTa CHCTeMHOl CHHXpoHHBaLHH. Tatimepot/cuemuuxu muxpoxoumponacpoes PIC Onveannoe abe mpumenenne Talimepos/euerankos MukpoKoHrpoamepon AVR cnpaneaaupo TaKKe 1 JIA TaliMepoR MUKPOKOHTposUIEpoR PIC. 3necb uchonb3yIorea AHAMOTHYHbIe MpHHLMII! HBMepeHMA LIMPHHbI H YACTOTDI HMMYsILCOB, a TaIOKe LIMpOT- HO-UMNYJICHOH MOAYNANHH, pexXUMOB CpaBHeHHs H 3axBaTa, B mukpoxourposmepax PIC Moryr Henons3oparecs TH Talimepa: TMRO, TMRI 1 TMR2. TMRO TMRO (puc. 1.19) — sto 8-paspagumiit Taiimep/cueTHnx. TakHM OGpazoM, cuer JIA Hero orpanitich AHanazoHoM 0-255, Ero Takrhponane peanusyerca oF BHeMINerO He- TOMHHKa WIN Ha OCHOBANHH TakTa CHCTeMHOMl CHHXPOHH3AUHH. pec OPTION RES | a Saesilise i Sala 3 jaaenanEen Ee & Bxeunme rarroabie [NY TOCS ge 2\a TOSE & ee | el : vee W HK asenananHae SEES Terr enrol —fnerens secon eee Saeeaeemnas| aoe saceatt | po Be Puc. 1.19. Cxema talimepa/cverunca TMRO