AA SAFE

SAFE &
& STRONG
STRONG
CIRCUIT
CIRCUIT DESIGN
DESIGN METHOD
METHOD
USING
USING
PAPERCLIP
PAPERCLIP CRIMPING
CRIMPING
INSTEAD
INSTEAD OF
OF SOLDER
SOLDER
BY THE
COLLEGE OF SCRIPTING
MUSIC & SCIENCE
RESISTOR
CONNECTOR
POS
+ Magnet

PAPERCLIP
RAILS
Paperclip

D
+
LED BATTERIES
- PAPERCLIP
CRIMPED
Magnet

- PAPERCLIP
Magnet -
-
CONNECTOR
Paperclip
2 NEG
NEVER CONNECT BATTERY TO ITSELF!
!DANGER! The resistance is too low
and because of this
3 Volts HIGH HEAT is generated,
that cause Batteries to:
+
DANGER
HEAT, SMOKE, DISSOLVE,
- FUME, EXPLODE!
+ DO NOT ATTEMPT.
- EXTREME FUME DANGER!
Extremely Dangerous:
Battery Acid is highly corrosive.
!DANGER! Take this warning seriously!
NEVER CONNECT BATTERY TO ITSELF!
3
 NEVER HAVE BATTERIES
AS SHOWN HERE
NEVER
Connect
POS to NEG
ALWAYS
NEVER DISCONNECT
EXPOSE MAGNETS
THIS MUCH AND WIRES
EXTREME METAL. FROM
DANGER! DANGER OF BATTERIES
SHORT WHEN NOT
CIRCUIT! IN USE!
4
 Powering a Breadboard
Paperclip
Small Speaker Magnet
Paperclip Wire
Electrical

+
Tape
Magnet
ALWAYS KEEP SPACE BETWEEN
POSITIVE & NEGATIVE

Speaker Magnet
Small Wire 5
Paperclip
Paperclip
 Fumes, Acid, Explosive Danger
!!!DANGEROUS!!!
NEVER HOOK BATTERY TO ITSELF
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A
3 Volts 3 Volts

+ +
B
C
!DANGER!
- !DANGER!
-
D
E
F
+ +
- -
G
H
I
J
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

6
 SHORT CIRCUIT DANGER
If Rail 1 & 3
are 3 Volts

Connected
3 BATTERY
to the +
Battery,
NEVER
EXPLOSION
DANGER!
-
connect a 1 +
random piece
of metal on
-
Rail 1 & 3. 7
 Never Forget the Resistor
LED’s BURN Without a Correct Resistor
Do NOT make this Circuit.
It will overpower the LED.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A
3 Volts 3 Volts

RUINS
+ RUINS
+
B
C - LED

-
LED
LED LED
-
D
E
-
F
+ +
- -
G
H
I
J
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

8
 Never Use an Outlet Power Supply
!!!TOO MUCH CURRENT!!!
Do NOT take a Corded
power supply and power
Circuits. Extreme Danger!
This Power supply states
that it is 6 Volts, 300 mA.
Firstly, that is WAY TOO
MUCH ENERGY for the
components.
Secondly, this power supply might
‘say’ that it is 6 Volts, but in reality,
when measured, it is 10.8 Volts! 9
 Breadboards – Store Vs Homemade
Positive
Rail
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3 Volts 3 Volts
8 Top
A

+ +
B
C Rails
- -
D
E
F
+ 8 Bottom +
- Rails -
G
H
I
J

Negative
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Rail
The Space Between Top Rails and Bottom Rails
Is for Microchip Circuits. 10
 IDEAL BREADBOARD – No Breaks
Positive
Rail
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3 Volts 3 Volts
A

+ Rails +
B
C

- -
D
E

+ +
F

-
G

-
H
I
J
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Negative
Rail
If we are NOT using Microchips for our Circuit,
then we can make this much Simpler Breadboard.
 POS+
Tape
Paperclip Elmer's Glue
Rails around the Edges
Cardboard of the Tape
Box Tape
Tape && Elmer’s
Elmer’s
Glue
Glue is
is aa
White surprisingly
surprisingly
Paper strong
strong hold
hold

NEG - 12
 POS+
POS +
3 Volts

D BATTERIES
150 Ohm
+
PAPERCLIP -
CRIMPED - +
Paperclip -
LED
- LED
Connector
Light
NEG - - Circuit
13
Paperclip Rails & Connectors
WE USE LARGE PAPERCLIPS
TO BE THE RAILS OF OUR
HOMEMADE BREADBOARD

SMALL PAPERCLIPS ARE USED

AS THE CONNECTORS OF OUR
RESISTORS, CAPACITORS,
TRANSISTORS, ETC
14
10 Large Paperclips

WE UNFOLD THESE
10 LARGE PAPERCLIPS
TO BE THE RAILS OF OUR
HOMEMADE BREADBOARD

15
Paperclip Rails
WEAR
WEAR SAFETY
SAFETY
GOGGLES
GOGGLES WHEN
WHEN
WORKING
WORKING WORKING
WORKING
WITH
WITH
PAPERCLIPS!!!
PAPERCLIPS!!!

UNFOLD THE PAPERCLIP

16
10 Large Paperclips Unfolded

UNFOLDED
UNFOLDED
PAPERCLIPS
PAPERCLIPS

17
 Straightening Paperclips
Squeeze Firmly,
We Apply then Move an inch
Pressure on the to the right, and
Bent Sections of Squeeze again.
the Paperclip with Repeat until
Needle Nose straightened.
Pliers.
Apply Pressure
Use the Multiple Times
Big Flat Section Needle over the Bent
of the Needle Nose Nose Section to
Pliers when Pliers
Straighten It.
Applying Pressure. 18
How to Hold Rails Down

Multiple
Multiple Options:
Options:
1. Tape & Elmer’s Glue
2. Tape & Hot Glue
3. Just Hot Glue
The
The Tape
Tape &
& Elmer’s
Elmer’s
Glue
Glue Method
Method isis
Surprisingly
Surprisingly Strong!
Strong!

19
 10 Large Paperclips Taped
Tape Ends Down

We can use Tape

Electrical Elmer's
Tape or
Duct Tape Glue around
the Edges
A strong hold
is made by of the Tape
gluing around This simple method
works very good.
the edges of No Hot glue needed!
the tape
20
 10 Large Paperclips
Taped & Glued
Tape Ends Down Elmer’s Glue Ends

Tape Elmer's Glue

around
the Edges
of the Tape

21
 Apply HOT CAREFUL:
EXTREMELY
GLUE HOT!!!
to Both
Ends
of Each
Paperclip
HOT
HOT GLUE
GLUE Works,
Works, Hold the
but the Elmer’s Glue
but the Elmer’s Glue Paperclip down
Method is Safer
Method is Safer 40 Seconds while
&& Very
Very Strong.
Strong. the Hot Glue Dries

22
POS + + Magnet
POSITIVE
POSITIVE +
-
POWER
POWER RAIL
RAIL Paperclip
to
to Battery
Battery

Paperclip Magnet
Power +
Connectors
NEGATIVE Magnet
-
POWER RAIL

NEG -
to Battery
23
- Paperclip
 + +
-
POS
POSITIVE
POWER RAIL Paperclip
to Battery
Magnet +
Paperclip
Power -
Connectors Magnet

NEGATIVE

-
POWER RAIL Paperclip
to Battery
24 NEG
Paperclip Power Connectors
Neodynmium
-
Magnets are Magnet
Nickel-Copper
Plated making
them Excellent
Conductors
Paperclip

-
NEGATIVE
POWER RAIL NEG
to Battery
25
 Wire + Paperclip
-
Power Connectors +
Copper Wire is a nice
Power Connector,
because it is flexible, Magnet
-
secure & conductive.

NEGATIVE
Paperclip

-
POWER RAIL
to Battery NEG

26
Power Supply Connections
POS+ +
Top
Top Rail
Rail to
to the
the
Copper Positive
Positive Side
Side of
of
+
Wire the
the D
D Batteries
Batteries
OR
Paperclips -
Connectors +
Can be
used
Bottom Rail to the
Negative Side of
-
the D Batteries
NEG - -
27
Powering 1st & 3rd Rails
POS+
3rd Rail
Positive +
+
-
+
1st Rail -
Negative -
NEG -
28
Single Hook Power Connector
Crimped O S+
P Rai . l i
e
s
p
To ositiv
P
Paperclip
Connector

Crimped

+
The 3rd Rail is
Now Positive
29
Single Hook Power Connector
__
The
The 1st
1st
Rail
Rail is
is
Now
Now
Negative
Negative
Paperclip
Paperclip
Connector
Connector
_
G ss
ii
NE a ill
i
RRa VVEE
Crimped m
m T
T II
ttoo AA
o
o t
t EGG
BB NNE

Crimped
30
The 1st
1st Rail _
Wire Wrapped Power Connector
The Rail is
is
Now
Now Negative
Negative

Wrapped

Copper
Copper
Wire
Wire
Connector
Connector
Wrapped Bottom
Bottom Rail
Rail is
is

31
_
NEGATIVE
NEGATIVE
NEG
 Top Rail is

+
POSITIVE
Wrapped POS
Wire
Wrapped Copper
Copper
Wire
Wire
Power Connector
Connector
Connector
Wrapped

+
The 3rd Rail is
Now Positive
32
Double Hook Power Connector
Crimped
Two
Two Double
Double
Hook
Hook Shoes
Shoes
Crimped
Crimped Paperclip
il is
Together Connectors R a
Together toto e 1st ve
ega_
Th t i
Form
Form aa N
Connector Now NEG
Connector Crimped
Crimped
Bot egativ
is N
tom
NEGRail
_

33
e
Double Hook Power Connector
Crimped
Two
Two
Double
Double
Hook
Hook Paperclip Crimped
Shoes
Shoes Connectors
Crimped
Crimped To
Together
Together toto Po p R
Form
Form aa
+ a il is sit ail
PO iv is
+
R e
Connector
Connector 3r d s it i v S e.
h e Po
Crimped T ow
N
34
 CRIMPING Methods
Large Small
Single Double Double
Hook Hook Hook
Shoe Shoe Shoe

35
Single Crimp Method

Single
Hook
36
Single Crimp Method

SINGLE
HOOK
SHAPES
ARE EASILY
FIT INTO
PLACE
UNDER THE
RAILS

37
Bend Paperclip End
BEND
BEND THE
THE PAPERCLIP
PAPERCLIP
NEAR
NEAR THE
THE VERY
VERY END
END
INTO
INTO A
A HOOK
HOOK SHAPE
SHAPE

Near the End

Needle
Nose
Pliers

38
Paperclip Bent at End
THIS IS THE PAPERCLIP END BENT
INTO THE HOOK SHAPE.

39
Paperclip Crimping
HOLD RESISTOR
HORIZONTALLY
AND HANG THE
HOOK SHAPE
PAPERCLIP
WE WILL THEN
CRIMP THIS HOOK
SHAPE ONTO THE
RESISTOR LEG,
USING NEEDLE
NOSE PLIERS.
40
Paperclip Crimping

STRONGLY
CRIMP THE
HOOK SHAPE
ONTO THE
RESISTOR LEG,
USING NEEDLE
NOSE PLIERS.

APPLY VERY
STRONG PRESSURE
41
Crimping to Component Legs

This way, if it
CRIMPED happens to
PAPERCLIP break, it only
at the End loses 1/16th of
of the an inch of the
Resistor Leg component leg.
42
 Paperclip Bent Down

ISOLATE
PAPERCLIP LEG,
CLOSE TO THE
RESISTOR LEG.
BEND THE LONG
PART OF THE
PAPERCLIP
DOWNWARD,
WITH YOUR HAND 43
Paperclip Crimped Resistor

CRIMP
APPLIED CRIMP
APPLIED
LEG
BENT LEG
DOWN BENT
DOWN
44
Paperclip Excess Cut

MAKE THE
CUT ABOUT
HERE

45
Paperclip Hook Shape
ISOLATE
PAPERCLIP
LEG RIGHT
HERE
BEND THE
PAPERCLIP
TO THE SIDE
TO FORM
A HOOK
SHAPE

46
Paperclip Hook Shape

PAPERCLIP
LEGS ARE
BENT INTO
A HOOK
SHAPE

47
Paperclip Hook Connection

PAPERCLIP
HOOK
SHAPES
ARE FIT
INTO PLACE

48
Paperclip Crimping
STRONGLY
CRIMP THE
HOOK
SHAPE
ONTO THE
ROW

NEEDLE
NOSE
PLIERS

49
Paperclip Crimped

CRIMPED
STRONGLY
AROUND
THE RAIL

50
Paperclip Crimped

KEEP
SPACE CRIMPED
STRONGLY
AROUND
THE RAIL
51
Paperclip Crimped
KEEP
SPACE

CRIMPED
STRONGLY
AROUND
THE RAILS

52
Resistor & LED Crimped
LED
RESISTOR

CRIMPED
STRONGLY
AROUND
THE RAILS

53
Small Double Hook Shoe

54
Small Double Hook Shoe
We USE a
SMALL
Paperclip

We UNFOLD only THIS

part of the Paperclip
We UNFOLD only THIS
55 part of the Paperclip
Small Double Hook Shoe

We BEND the
Paperclip End
to the Right into
a Hook Shape

Needle
Nose
Pliers

56
Small Double Hook Shoe
WEAR
WEAR
SAFETY
SAFETY We
We CUT
CUT
GOGGLES!!!
GOGGLES!!! only
only THIS
THIS
part
part
of
of the
the
Heavy
Paperclip
Paperclip
Duty
Shears

57
Small Double Hook Shoe
Hook
Hook Shape
Shape is
is Bent
Bent
in
in this
this Direction
Direction

This
This Hook
Hook
will
will later
later be
be
This
This Small
Small Double
Double CRIMPED
CRIMPED onto
onto
Hook
Hook Shoe
Shoe will
will later
later an
an Electronic
Electronic
be
be CRIMPED
CRIMPED onto
onto aa Component
Component Leg Leg
Paperclip
Paperclip Rail
Rail 58
Small Double Hook Shoe
We CRIMP the
Hook Shape
onto the
We HOLD the Resistor Leg
Resistor in using
our Left Hand Needle Nose
Pliers,
with our
Right Hand.
59
Small Double Hook Shoe

SQUEEZE
SQUEEZE
VERY
VERY HARD
HARD
to
to Perform
Perform
the
the CRIMP
CRIMP
Needle
Needle
Nose
Nose
Pliers
Pliers
60
Small Double Hook Shoe
Notice that
Both Hooks
are Face Up.
Face
Face Up
Up Face
Face Up
Up

BOTH SIDES of the Resistor

have the CRIMP APPLIED
61
Small Double Hook Shoe

CRIMPED CRIMPED
BENT BENT
SMALL SMALL
DOUBLE DOUBLE
HOOK HOOK
SHOE SHOE
62
 Small Double Hook Shoe
We
We Place
Place the
the
Double
Double Hook
Hook Shoes
Shoes
Under
Under the
the 1st
1st && 2nd
2nd
Paperclip
Paperclip Rails.
Rails.
CRIMPED CRIMPED
BENT BENT
We we later use
Needle Nose Pliers to
CRIMP the Resistor
onto the Rails.
TO BE TO BE
CRIMPED CRIMPED
63
Small Double Hook Shoe

We
We Use
Use SQUEEZE
SQUEEZE
Needle
Needle HARD
HARD TO
TO
Nose
Nose Pliers
Pliers MAKE
MAKE
to
to CRIMP
CRIMP THE
THE
the
the Resistor
Resistor CRIMP
CRIMP
onto
onto the
the Needle
Needle
Rails.
Rails. Nose
Nose
Pliers
Pliers
64
TRANSISTOR PAPERCLIP CRIMPED
We USE
Needle Nose Pliers
to CRIMP the
Hook Shapes

Crimp

Crimp
Crimp

65
TRANSISTOR PAPERCLIP CRIMPED
Needle Nose
Pliers to Crimp
these Hook
Shapes

Crimp Crimp
Crimp

66
 Transistor Crimping
WE CRIMP THESE
HOOKS ONTO THE
TRANSISTOR LEGS

WE FACE THE
HOOKS AS
SHOWN HERE

LEFT RIGHT
FACING FACING

67
Small Double Hook Shoes
BEND the Paperclip End
to the Right
into a
Hook Shape

Needle
Nose
Pliers

68
Small Double Hook Shoes
Showing the
Paperclip End
BENT Right
into a
Double
Hook Shape
Needle
Nose
Pliers

69
Small Double Hook Shape

The
The Small
Small Double
Double Hook
Hook Shape
Shape Shoe
Shoe
allows
allows Transistors
Transistors to
to be
be placed
placed easier
easier
on
on the
the Paperclip
Paperclip Rails
Rails

70
Small Double Hook Shape
BEND the End Forward

To Form a
Hook Shape

In THIS
Forward
Direction

71
Small Double Hook Crimp
Hold
Transistor
Level

Crimp
Applied

Shoe
Faces
Left
72
Small Double Hook Crimp
Keep
Transistor
Level

Crimp
Applied
Shoe
Faces Needle
Left Nose
Pliers
73
Small Double Hook Crimp
Hold
Transistor
Level
Hang the
Hook Shape
We will then use
Shoe Needle Nose Pliers
Faces
Left to Crimp this
Shoe Hook Shape onto the
Faces Transistor's 2nd Leg
Left
74
Small Double Hook Crimp
Keep
Keep
Transistor
Transistor
Level
Level

CRIMP APPLIED
Squeeze
Strongly

Needle
Shoe Nose
Faces Pliers
Left
75
Small Double Hook Shoes
Sequence for
Placing the
Transistor
Shoes
onto our Middle
Paperclip Rails Leg
Placed
Left on Rail Right
Leg First Leg
Placed Placed
on Rail 2nd 1st 3rd
2nd 1st 3rd on Rail
Second Third
76
Small Double Hook Shoes
Sequence
for Placing
Middle the
Left
Leg
Placed Right
Transistor
Leg on Rail Leg Shoes
First Placed
on Rail onto the
Placed
on Rail
Second Third Paperclip

1st Rails
2nd
2nd 3rd
77
 LED Light Circuit
POS+ +
+
3 Volts

150 Ohm
+
- -
+
-
LED

-
NEG -
78
-
 POS+
+ 3 Volts Magnet

+
CONNECTOR
CONNECTOR
Paperclip
Paperclip
150
150 Ohm
Ohm
LED
D
BATTERIES
-
Light
Magnet
Magnet
GREEN
GREEN
Circuit
LED
LED

- Magnet
Magnet
-
CONNECTOR
CONNECTOR

79 NEG- - Paperclip
 LED Current Calculation
The Green LED we are using
wants a max of 0.20 mA Current.
A Current = Voltage / Resistance Formula
Amps = Volts / Ohms Units

B Amps = 3 Volts / 150 Ohms Values

Amps = 0.02 Answer
C Amps to mA = 0.02 x 1000 Convert
Amps = 20 mA 80 Answer
 RESISTORS in SERIES
Increases Total Resistance Value
POS+ +
RTotal = 3 Volts
R1 + R2 +
+ ... Rn 75 Ohm
+
RTotal = -
+
75 Ohm
75 + 75

RTotal = -
-
LED
-
150 Ohm

NEG -
81
-
 RESISTORS in PARALLEL
Decreases Total Resistance Value
POS+ +
+
3 Volts
R1 x R2
RTotal=
R1 + R2 300 Ohm Formula
+
-
for when
300 x 300 Only 2
+
RTotal= 300 Ohm
300 + 300 Resistors
RTotal=150 Ohm
-
-
LED
are used -
NEG -
82
-
 RESISTORS in PARALLEL
Decreases Total Resistance Value
+ POS
1 1 1 1
= + +
RTotal R1 +R2 +R3
1 1
300 Ohm + 3 Volts

+
1 1
RTotal =300+ 300 + +300 Formula
for when 3
-
300 Ohm
1 or More
= 0.0033 +
RTotal
0.0033 + Resistors +
-
300 Ohm
0.0033 = are used
-
-
0.009933

1 LED
= 100.67 Ohm
0.009933 =

83
- NEG
 Capacitor & LED Circuit
+ POS
+
150 Ohm
3 Volts

- +
LONGER FADE LED
-
+
OUT TIME
470 uF
WHEN
-
-
Power is

- -
removed

NEG
84
-
 Capacitor & LED Circuit
Connector
+
+
POS
LED
-
+
470 uF
-

-
150 Ohm

- -
Connector Connector 85
- NEG
 CAPACITORS in PARALLEL
Increases Total Capacitance Value
+ POS
150 Ohm

CTotal = + 3 Volts

C1 + C2
+
LED
-
+ ... Cn
470 uF
-
+
-
CTotal =
470 + 470 -
470 uF
-
CTotal = - -
NEG
940 uF
86
-
 CAPACITORS in SERIES
Decreases Total Capacitance Value
+ POS
Formula for
CTotal= C1 x C2
C1 + C2
+ when Only
3 Volts

+
LED 2 Capacitors
-
are Used
CTotal=470 x 470
470 + 470 470 uF
-
-
+
-
CTotal= 235 uF
470 uF
-
- -
150 Ohm

NEG
87
-
 CAPACITORS in SERIES
Decreases Total Capacitance Value
+ POS
1 1 1 1 Formula for
= + C2 + C3
CTotal C1
+ when 3 Volts
3 or More
+
1 1 1 1 LED
=
CTotal 470+470 +470
- Capacitors
-
470 uF
1 - are Used

+
=
CTotal 0.0021 + 470 uF
0.0021 + -
0.0021 =
150 Ohm -
470 uF
-
- -
0.0063
1
= 158.73 uF
0.0063 NEG
88
-
 LED Light Circuit
POS+ +
+
3 Volts

A White
LED
100 Ohm
+
Wants a
MAX - LED
-+
Current of
0.30 mA
- -
NEG -
89
-
LED Current Calculation
The White LED we are using
wants a max of 0.30 mA Current.
A Current = Voltage / Resistance Formula
Amps = Volts / Ohms Units

B Amps = 3 Volts / 100 Ohms Values

Amps = 0.03 Answer
C Amps to mA = 0.03 x 1000 Convert
Amps = 30 mA 90 Answer
 LED Light Circuit
Volt
Volt Meter
Meter on
on A
A&&B
B
POS+ +
A
+ 2.90 Volts
100 Ohm
+
-+
DC
V
20

LED 1.52 Volts

-

-
1.41 Volts

-
B
NEG -
91
-
 LED Light Circuit
Volt
Volt Meter
Meter on
on A
A&&B
B
POS+ +
+ 1.99 Volts
100 Ohm
+
-+
DC
V
20

LED 1.52 Volts

-

A -
1.41 Volts

- B
NEG -
92
-
 Light Detector Circuit
120 kOhm

POS+
Try 8.2
3 Volts
kOhm for

+
Faster - PNP 3906
Response LDR

1 Mega Ohm
LED
-
Resistor Connector
+
If LDR 5528
is Used
150 Ohm -
NEG -
93
 Light Detector Circuit
+
+
120 kOhm OR 8.2 kOhm for Faster Response

+POS+ pnp 3906 B

LED-
1 Mega Ohm E B C
E B C

+
Resistor LDR

-+
LED pnp 3906 LDR
If LDR 5528
is Used

- +
-
100 Ohm

100 Ohm
- D Batteries

-
Connector

NEG -
- 94
-
 Dark Detector Circuit
8.2 kOhm

POS+
100 kOhm 3 Volts
Resistor

+
If LDR 5528 - NPN 3904 LDR
is Used LED
-
Connector
+
- -
-
150 Ohm

NEG -
95
Dark Detector Circuit
+
8.2 kOhm 100 kOhm if 5528 LDR is used

+
LED
POS
-

LDR

-
npn 3904

150 Ohm

- -
Connector

96 NEG
 Dark Detector Circuit
Paperclip Spiral Coupling Method
Paperclip Spiral Coupling Method
POS+
8 kOhm 100 kOhm
Resistor if 3 Volts
5528 LDR
NPN is used

+
LED 3904
150 Ohm

-
-
LDR

+
-
- -
NEG -
97
 Dark Detector Circuit
POS Magnet
Magnet
Paperclip
Paperclip
Magnet

+
Magnet
Spiral 100 kOhm 8
8 kOhm
kOhm
Resistor if
5528 LDR 3 Volts

-
is used

Spiral
Spiral Bent
Spiral
Spiral Bent Magnet
Magnet

+
Bent
LED
150
150 Ohm
Ohm NPN
NPN
3904
3904
LDR

Spiral
Spiral -
Magnet
Magnet

Magnet
Magnet Paperclip
Paperclip
NEG - 98
 Water Detector Circuit
270 Ohm

POS+ +
Probe A 3 Volts
NPN 3904

+
WATER -
1 kOhm
+
-
Probe B

- LED
-

NEG -
99
-
 Water Detector Circuit

+
270 Ohm
Probe A
POS

NPN 3904

3 Volts
1 kOhm

-
-
Probe B LED

- 100 NEG
Dual LED Blinking Circuit
POS+ +
3 Volts

PNP 3906 PNP 3906

+
-
+
-
470 uF 470 uF

180 Ohm 180 Ohm

NEG -
-
-

-
LED

100 kOhm 100 kOhm

101
 Dual LED Blinking Circuit
Connector Connector
+ POS
Pnp 3906
Connectors
Pnp 3906
+
- -

- -
470 uF
470 uF

100 kOhm 180 Ohms

180 Ohms
NEG
- LED
100 kOhm
LED

102 -
LED Circuit - 6 LED
POS+ +
Connector

100 Ohm
+ 3 Volts
LED

LED
+
LED
-
LED
+
-
LED

LED
-
Connector

NEG-
103
-
 LED Circuit - 6 LED
100 Ohm

+ +
CONNECTOR
3RD RAIL
+
POS

LED
MAGNET
+
MAGNET

CONNECTOR

-
1ST Rail
-
-
NEG
104
- MAGNET
STATIC ELECTRICITY Detector Circuit
+
2 kOhm 2 kOhm
POS+

Paperclip
Sensor

+
BC 547 BC 547 BC 547

-
Speaker
+
-
Wire
Make the 220 Ohm
Speaker Wire - LED
about 2 Feet

NEG -
105 -
Static Electricity Detector Circuit
2 kOhm 2 kOhm

Amplifying
Connector Energy
With
BC 547
BC 547
Transistors
BC 547
Connector

Connector 220 Ohm LED

Speaker
Wire

Connector

106
 Switch - Using Magnet

+ -+
POS
Neodymium Electrical
Magnet Tape

+ 107
SOLAR Panels in PARALLEL
PARALLEL - ONLY CURRENT INCREASES
+ +
POS
POS POS
POS POS
POS POS
POS

NEG NEG
NEG NEG NEG
NEG NEG
NEG
- -
108
SOLAR Panels in SERIES
SERIES - ONLY VOLTAGE INCREASES

+
POS -
NEG
+ - +
POS NEG POS -
NEG

- +
NEG
NEG POS
POS
109
 SOLAR Panels
PARALLEL Connected in SERIES
POS+
POS + + + +

Connector
- - - -
Connector
+ + + +

NEG
NEG - - - - -110
 SOLAR Panels
PARALLEL Connected in SERIES

-
Connector
Connector
+
- +
- + - +
- + - +
- +
- +
-NEG
NEG
+POS
POS
111
 SOLAR Panels
PARALLEL Connected in SERIES

+POS
POS

Connector
Connector

Connector
Connector
- NEG
NEG
112
 Paperclip Battery
Copper Wire + Paperclips + Salt Water
SERIES CONNECTIONS

-
+
Paperclip Copper
Paperclip Copper Wire
Wire
113
Paperclip FIXING Pieces
Let’s say we have a ‘broken’ Resistor,
that we cut from a circuit board.
We can crimp paperclips onto the legs
of the broken Resistor to rebuild them.
We Harvested this Resistor Use Needle Nose Pliers
From a Circuit To Straighten the Legs

We Will Crimp Paperclips

But as you can see, the Onto these Legs
legs are too short. 114 to Extend them
Paperclip FIXING Pieces
WE HANG OUR
PAPERCLIP
HOOK ONTO
THE SHORT LEG.
WE WILL THEN
USE NEEDLE
NOSE PLIERS TO
CRIMP THE HOOK
INTO PLACE.

115
Paperclip FIXING Pieces
WE CRIMP THE
HOOK SHAPE
USING NEEDLE
NOSE PLIERS

APPLY VERY
STRONG
FORCE

116
Paperclip FIXING Pieces
CRIMPED
CRIMPED

DOUBLE
HOOK
SHOE
117
Paperclip FIXING Pieces
WE CRIMP THE
HOOK SHAPE
USING NEEDLE
NOSE PLIERS

APPLY
VERY
STRONG
FORCE
118
Paperclip FIXING Pieces

WE CRIMP THE
HOOK SHAPE
USING NEEDLE
NOSE PLIERS
APPLY VERY
STRONG
FORCE
119
Paperclip FIXING Pieces
CRIMPED CRIMPED

DOUBLE DOUBLE
HOOK HOOK
SHOE SHOE
120
Paperclip FIXING Pieces

CRIMPED
CRIMPED CRIMPED
CRIMPED

Straight Leg Straight Leg

Into Hole Into Hole
121
Paperclip FIXING Pieces
CRIMPED
CRIMPED CRIMPED
CRIMPED
Conventional
Breadboard
Method
Straight Leg Straight Leg
to Insert to Insert
Into Into
Breadboard Breadboard
Holes Holes
122
 Microchip CRIMPING
NATURAL
LEGS SHAPE
METHOD
KEEP
SPACE! CRIMPED

123
Microchip CRIMPING
NATURAL
LEGS SHAPE
METHOD
CRIMPED

KEEP
SPACE!
124
 Microchip Microchip
Breadboard Crimping
7 6 5
8

8 7 6 5

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4

125
 Microchip Crimping
555 Timer
5
6
7
4
8
3
2
126 1
 R1 = 1.5 kOhm Microchip
R2 = 1.5 kOhm
R3 = 220 Ohm Breadboard
C1 = 2.2 uF
L = LED Green
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
A
B
R2 R2
C R2 R2
R1 R1
D R1 R1
8 7 6 5
E 8 7 6 5
1 2 3 4 C1
C1 C1
F 1 2 3 4 C1 C1
R3
G R3
R3
H R3 L L
I L L
J
127
 Microchip
Breadboard
555
Timer
Blinking
LED
Circuit

128
 Microchip CRIMPING
STRAIGHT
LEGS SHAPE
CRIMPED
CRIMPED METHOD

KEEP
KEEP SPACE
SPACE
129
 555 Timer - Pin Layout
Ground
Ground - +Supply
Power
Power
Supply
(Vcc)
(Vcc)
Trigger
11 CRIMPED
CRIMPED 88
Trigger
22 Discharge
77 Discharge

Output
Output 33 66
Threshold
Threshold
4
4 KEEP 55
Reset
SPACE Control
Control
Reset
Voltage
Voltage
130
 Paperclip Spiral Slots
We make Keep the Spirals
Uncrimped,
our own to be able to
Breadboard move them around,
Slots USING until final placement
Paperclip We WRAP
Spirals & CRIMP
these
SPIRAL SLOTS
onto our
Paperclip
Rails
131
 Paperclip Spiral Slots
This Spiral,
is messy,
Wrapped but still
Around the works good.
Paperclip However,
Rail for looks,
a person
NEAT & can make
EVEN NEAT &
EVEN
spirals.
MESSY
132
Paperclip Spiral Slots

PAPERCLIP
CONNECTOR

Wrapped
Around the
Paperclip Rail
133
 Paperclip Spiral Slots
Power Connection
PAPERCLIP
Paperclip CONNECTOR
Spiral Slot

Neodymium
Magnet
Wrapped Around
the Paperclip Rail
134
 Paperclip Spiral Slots
Paperclip
Spiral Slot
PAPERCLIP
CONNECTOR

Wrapped Around
the Paperclip Rail
135
 Paperclip Spiral Slots
PAPERCLIP
CONNECTOR
Paperclip
Spiral Slot

PAPERCLIP
Wrapped Around CONNECTOR
the Paperclip Rail

136
Paperclip Spiral Slots
Component Legs
Inserted Here

Paperclip
Spiral Slot

Wraps Around the

Paperclip Rail

137
Paperclip Spiral Slots

Unfold 2 Small Paperclips

Used as a Form to Wrap

the Paperclip Spiral Around
138
Paperclip Spiral Slots
Hold the
Junction
of the 2 With your
Paperclips, Right Hand,
with Needle WRAP
Nose Pliers Paperclip
around & around
Needle
1/8" Nose
Overlap Pliers 139
 Paperclip Spiral Slots
Hold the With your Right
Junction of the Hand, or Needle
2 Paperclips, Nose Pliers
with Needle WRAP
Nose Pliers Paperclip
around & around
CAREFUL
1/8"
1/8"
Overlap
Overlap
WHILE TWISTING:
Needle ENDS ARE VERY
Nose SHARP!!!
Pliers 140
 Paperclip Spiral Slots
Hold the
Junction of the
2 Paperclips,
with Needle
Nose Pliers
Leave about 1"
to be able to
later WRAP
Needle around the
Nose Paperclip Rail
Pliers
141
Paperclip Spiral Slots
Paperclip
Spiral Slot

We Will later
Wrap
this Arm
Around
the Paperclip Rail
142
 Paperclip Spiral Slots
With Your
Right Hand
Wrap the Leg
Around the
Paperclip Rail
Hold the
Paperclip
Spiral Slot Large Straight
with Your Paperclip Rail
Left Hand 143
 Paperclip Spiral Slots
With Your
Right Hand
Keep
Hold the Wrapping
Paperclip the Leg
Spiral Slot Around the
with Your Paperclip Rail
Left Hand
Large Straight
144 Paperclip Rail
Paperclip Spiral Slots
Right Hand or
Needle Nose Pliers,
Wrap the Leg
Around the
Hold the Paperclip Rail
Paperclip
Spiral Slot
with Your
Left Hand Large Straight
or Pliers Paperclip Rail
145
 Paperclip Spiral Slots
Homemade Paperclip Breadboard Slots

Paperclip
Spiral
Slots
146
Paperclip Spiral Coupling

PAPERCLIP
PAPERCLIP
SPIRAL
SPIRAL
COUPLING
COUPLING

CRIMPED
CRIMPED
CONNECTOR
CONNECTOR
147
Paperclip Spiral Coupling

PAPERCLIP
SPIRAL
COUPLING

-
NEG
NEG CRIMPED
CRIMPED
CONNECTOR
POS+
POS
CONNECTOR
148
Paperclip Spiral Coupling

NEG
NEG - POS+
POS

- PAPERCLIP
SPIRAL
COUPLING
+

-
CRIMPED CONNECTOR

149 +
Paperclip Spiral Coupling

NEG
NEG- POS+
POS

TEST
TEST THE
THE CIRCUIT
CIRCUIT
BY
BY MAKING
MAKING
CONTACT
CONTACT WITH
WITH
THE
THE POWER
POWER
SUPPLY
SUPPLY

- +
150
Paperclip Spiral Coupling
90 DEGREE
PAPERCLIP
SPIRAL
COUPLING

NEG
NEG - STRAIGHT
STRAIGHT
PAPERCLIP
PAPERCLIP
SPIRAL
SPIRAL
+POS
POS
COUPLING
COUPLING

- + -
151
+
Paperclip Spiral Couplings
Component to Component Connectors

Paperclip
Spiral
Couplings

152
Paperclip Spiral Coupling
Tighten/Loosen
Lever Arm

STRAIGHT
PAPERCLIP
SPIRAL
COUPLING 153
 Paperclip Spiral Coupling
We Prepare the
Transistor for We
We will
will later
later Place
Place
SPIRAL
SPIRAL COUPLINGS
COUPLINGS
SPIRAL COUPLINGS
on
on each
each of
of these
these
by first Crimping Paperclip
Paperclip
Paperclip Connectors
Connectors
Connectors

CRIMPED
AA Person
Person might
might choose
choose toto CUT
CUT these
these
Connectors
Connectors Shorter
Shorter154for
for Smaller
Smaller Circuits
Circuits
154
Paperclip Spiral Coupling
We
We Place
Place SPIRAL
SPIRAL
COUPLING
COUPLING on on each
each
of
of these
these Paperclip
Paperclip
Connectors
Connectors

CRIMPED We
We will
will later
later insert
insert
Connectors
Connectors into
into
these
these Paperclip
Paperclip Slots,
Slots,
to
to make
make our
our Circuits.
Circuits.
155
Paperclip Spiral Coupling
Transistor Shown
in a Flat Position.
We
We Place
Place aa Spiral
Spiral Coupling
Coupling
SPIRAL
SPIRAL COUPLING
COUPLING Shown
Shown in
in aa
on
on each
each of
of these
these Standing
Standing Position.
Position.
Paperclip
Paperclip
Connectors
Connectors

CRIMPED

156
Paperclip Spiral Coupling
Circuits often
We
We Added
Added aa Second
Second require multiple
Spiral
Spiral Coupling
Coupling connections to one
leg of a Transistor

SPIRAL
SPIRAL COUPLING
COUPLING

CRIMPED
157
Paperclip Spiral Coupling

Circuits
Circuits often
often
require
require
ANGLES
ANGLES

158
 Dedicated to God the Father
College of Scripting
Music & Science

© Christopher Topalian
2020
All Rights Reserved
School Teachers who purchase this
book can print it for their whole class.