School of Chemistry and Physics, Howard College Campus

University of KwaZulu-Natal

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY 1 (CHEM161)

Class Test 3: MAY 2014 ANSWERS

Duration: 40 minutes Marks: 25

Student Number
Student Name
Tutorial Venue Tuto
r

Question 1

(a) Write the reaction rate expressions for the following reaction in terms of the disappearance of the reactants
and the appearance of products:
4 NH3(g) + 5 O2(g)  4 NO(g) + 6 H2O(g) (2)

1 ∆ [N H 3 ] 1 ∆ [ O2 ] 1 ∆ [NO] 1 ∆[ H 2 O]
rate = - ½ =- ½ = ½ = ½
4 ∆t 5 ∆t 4 ∆t 6 ∆t

(b) The following data were collected for the reaction between hydrogen and nitric oxide at 700°C:
2 H2(g) + 2 NO(g)  2 H2O(g) + N2(g)

Experiment [H2] [NO] Initial rate (M/s)

1 0.010 0.025 2.4 × 10-6
2 0.0050 0.025 1.2 × 10-6
3 0.010 0.0125 0.60 × 10-6

(i) Determine the order of the reaction. (4)

Rate = k [H2]a[NO]b ½
Must determine a and b
Expt.1 k[0.010 ] a [0.025 ] b 2.4 ×1 0-6
= = 1
Expt.2 k[0.0050 ] a [0.025 ] b 1.2 ×1 0-6
2a = 2,  a = 1 ½
Expt.1 k[0.010 ] [0.025 ]b
a
2.4 ×10 -6
= = 1
Expt.3 k[0.010 ]a [0.0125 ]b 0.6 ×10 -6
 2b = 4,  b = 2 ½
Overall order = 1 + 2 = 3 ½

(ii) Calculate the rate constant. (2)

k [0.010][0.025]2 = 2.4 × 10-6 1
k = 0.384 1

(c) The following gas-phase reaction was studied at 290°C by observing the change in pressure as a function
of time in a constant-volume vessel:
ClCO2CCl3(g)  2 COCl2(g)
From the following data

Time (s) [ClCO2CCl3](M)

0 2.32
200 2.01
400 1.72
600 1.49
1200 0.98

(i) Show (by calculation) that the reaction is first order. (4)
For a first order reaction
ln[ClCO2CCl3]t = -kt + ln[ClCO2CCl3]o 1
For t = 200 s, ln(2.01) = -k (200) + ln(2.32),  k = 7.17 × 10-4 1
For t = 1200 s, ln(0.98) = -k (1200) + ln(2.32),  k = 7.18 × 10-4 1
The value of k is constant,  reaction is first order 1

(ii) State the rate constant and calculate the half-life for the reaction. (3)
k = 7.17 × 10-4 1
t½ = 0.693/k 1 = 7.17 × 10-4 = 966.5 s 1

Question 2
(a) Write equilibrium constant expressions, Kc or Kp, if applicable, for the following processes:
(i) 2 CO2(g) ⇌ 2 CO(g) + O2(g) (1)

2
 [CO ]2 [ O2 ] p 2CO pO
Kc= 2 ½ Kp= 2
2
½
[C O2 ] p CO2

(ii) HCOOH(aq) ⇌ H+(aq) + HCOO-(aq) (1)

[ H+ ] [HCO O- ] 1
Kc=
[HCOOH]

1 mark if only Kc is given, ½ mark if an attempt to give Kp is made

(b) For the reaction

2 NH3(g) ⇌ N2(g) + 3 H2(g)
at 298 K, Kc = 2.8 × 10-9. What is the value of Kp for this reaction? (2)
Kp = Kc(RT)Δn ½ = 2.8 × 10-9(0.08206 atm L K-1 mol-1 × 298 K)2 1
= 1.67 × 10-6 ½

(c) When a 0.0200 mol sample of SO3 is introduced into an evacuated 1.52 L vessel at 900 K, 0.0142 mol
SO3 is present at equilibrium.
2 SO3(g) ⇌ 2 SO2(g) + O2(g)
(i) Determine Kc for the decomposition of SO3(g) at 900 K? (4)
2 SO3(g) ⇌ 2 SO2(g) + O2(g)
Initial (mol) 0.0200 0.00 0.00 ½
Change (mol) -0.0058 +0.0058 +0.0029 ½
Equili. (mol) 0.0142 0.0058 0.0029 ½

Equili. concentrations: [SO3] = 0.0142 mol/1.52 L = 9.34 × 10-3 M ½

[SO2] = 0.0058 mol/1.52 L = 3.8 × 10-3 M ½
[O2] = 0.0029 mol/1.52 L = 1.9 × 10-3 M ½

[S O2 ] 2 [ O2 ] (3.8 × 1 0-3 ) 2 (1.9 × 1 0-3 )

Kc= 2
= -3 2
= 3.1 × 1 0-4 1
[S O3 ] (9.34 × 1 0 )

3
(ii) In which direction does a net change occur to restore equilibrium if the equilibrium mixture is
transferred to a 5.00 L vessel? (2)

Kc = 3.1 × 10-4
(0.00116 )2 (0.00058) -5
Qc = 2
= 9.6 × 10
(0.00284 )
Qc < Kc, forward reaction until equilibrium is reached 2