Академический Документы
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Культура Документы
By: MAK
1. INTRODUCTION:
* The purpose of the foundation is to transfer the loads from the structure to the ground without causing the ground to
fail in shear or to allow excessive settlement of the structure to occur. These requirements are met by ensuring the
bearing pressure below the foundation does not exceed permissible bearing pressure.
* The purpose of this calculation is to design Pad & Chimney foundation for "A10" type lattice steel tower structure.
* The foundation is subjected to upward, downward and horizontal forces.
* Foundation loads will be obtained from the tower reactions multiplied by over load capacity factors. These factored loads will be
used in the sizing of the foundation. However, to design steel reinforcements reactions without the OCFs will be used.
2. TOWER GEOMETRY:
b a
tan 1 10.330 deg Leg Slope angel with Respect to Vertical
2h
h0 1000 mm
b a
tan 1 11.860 deg
2h
h22
h0
h0 h11
h11 1021.812 mm Tower First Leg Slope
sin(90 )
h0
h22 1016.476 mm Tower Second Leg Slope
sin(90 )
* The maximum vertical and horizontal reactions have been given in the PTS (clause: 4.09 A) for this kind of tower as follow:
Note :
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Date: May 26, 2014
By: MAK
4. FACTORED LOADS:
Q0 ( Ph x0 ) 2 ( Ph y0 ) 2 321.73 KN
Q Q0 SFs 482.59 KN Horizontal Reaction
M0 0 M 0 Moment Reaction
Eh a
Thickness of Pad Fd = 600 mm GL a Ph-x
Chimney
Assumed Footing Depth h = 3.5 m Pad
h
Exposed Height, including the Eh = 500 mm OL
300 mm structure pad Fd
6. MATERIAL PROPERTIES:
6.1 CONCRETE:
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By: MAK
7. CALCULATIONS:
N c ( N q 1) / tan 1 N c = 25.135
tan 1 K py
N 1 N = 9.702
cos
2
2
qult
q allow q allow = 294.11 KN/m² SF = 4 Safty Factor Allowable Bearing Capacity
SF
7.2 CHECK FOUNDATION DISPLACEMENT:
N 60 = 30 SPT N value
Sc = 50 mm Tolerable Settlement
B = 4 m Footing Width
S c N 60
1.4
q = 1216.034 KN/m² q allow = Min ( q allow , q) = 294.112 KN/m²
1.7 B 0.75
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By: MAK
Pc
AP = 0.137 m² Gross Pedestal Area
0.65 (0.85 f c (1 ) f y )
h = 3.5 m L = 4 m B = 4 m Eh = 500 mm
f = 35 deg Angle of the Shearing Soil Plane with the Vertical "Frustum Angle"
Weight of Pad Wf = Vf x c
= 9.600 x 24
= 230.4 KN
Weight of Chimney Wp = Vp x c
= 1.464 x 24
= 35.129 KN
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Date: May 26, 2014
By: MAK
Volume of Soil Vs =
h3
3
At Ab At Ab
At : Area at The Top
Ab : Area at The Bottom G.L
Ab = L x B
= 4 x 4 h3
= 16.00 m² f f
At = ( B + (2 x h3 x tan(f))²
= 64.98 m²
B
Vs = 109.454 m³
Weight of Soil Ws = Vs x S
= 109.454 x 17
= 1860.711 KN
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Fd = 600 mm
1 Sin1
Kp =
1 Sin1
Kp = 2.464 Passive Earth Pressure Coefficient
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Date: May 26, 2014
By: MAK
S
= 2.464 x 17 x 2.90 Top of Pad
= 121.471 KN/m²
Pc
Ph 105.680
Eh = 0.500 G.L
Wp T= 0.60 Lt = 121.471 KN/m²
Ws
h = 3.50
OL = 4.60 h3 = 2.90
Wf
Fd = 0.600
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Note 1 : only for safty purpose we consider in above calculation 80 % of the total resisting moment due to
passive earth pressure
Note 2 : if Mx < 0 then we will Mx = 0 and the same will be applicable for My.
P Mx My
q y x P M My
A Ix Iy q 1 x
L B L B
Where:
Mx : Net Bending Moment @ Base of Footing "Around X".
My : Net Bending Moment @ Base of Footing "Around Y".
P : Total Vertical Load.
A : Foundation Area.
I: Second Moment of Area of The Footing About The Axis of Bending.
x , y: Distance from Axis of Bending to the Position The Stress is Being Calculated.
Ix = ( B x L³ ) / 12
= 21.333 m³
Iy = ( L x B³ ) / 12
= 21.333 m³
Calculation Vertical Loads:
Weight of Pad Wf = Vf x c
= 9.600 x 24
= 230.4 KN
Weight of Chimney Wp = Vp x c
= 1.464 x 24
= 35.129 KN
Weight of Soil Ws = ( B x L x h - a x a x h x ) x S
= 54.719 x 17
= 930.227 KN
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241.856 KN/m²
241.856 KN/m²
241.856 KN/m²
B= 4.00 m
L= 4.00 m
207.613 KN/m²
207.613 KN/m²
207.613 KN/m²
= 2795.756 KN
q m ax = 2795.756 / 16
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q ave = ( q1 + q 2 + q3 + q4 ) / 4
= 174.735 + 174.735 + 174.735 + 174.735
= 174.735 KN/m²
qa m ax = ( 174.73 + 174.73 ) / 2
= 174.735 KN/m²
qa m in = ( 174.73 + 174.73 ) / 2
= 174.735 KN/m²
A = L x B Foundation Area
= 4 x 4
= 16 m²
= 4 x 1085 B= 4
= 4.34 m
In general, the factored shear force Q "Punch" at the critical shear section shall Critical Section for
be less than or equal to the shear strength: Punching Shear
Vn: ≥ Q "Punch"
where the nominal shear strength Vn is:
Vn = Vs + Vc
Vc = nominal shear strength provided by concrete, computed if
shear reinforcement is not used.
Vs = nominal shear strength provided by reinforcement. Fd d
" Reference ACI 318 - 02, clause 11.12.2.1"
q
The Nominal Shear Strength Provided by Concrete will be the Smallest of:
Elevation
1
1) . V c1 '
f b0 d
c
3
= 0.33 x 5.292 x 4340 x 485
= 3712.695 KN
.d f c' .b0 .d s
2) . V c 2 s 2 . = 20 For Corner Columns
b0 12
= 3930.837 KN
2 f c' .b0 .d c
3) . Vc 3 1 . = a/a = 600 / 600 = 1
c 6
= 5569.042 KN
X = ((L-a)/2) - d 4
B=
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= 1.215 m B=
" Reference ACI 318 - 02, clause 11.3.1.2 and clause 11.3.2.3"
Critical Section
Pc f c
'
for Shear
1) . Vc1 1 .B.d Ag = B x Fd
14 Ag 6 = 4 x 0.6
= 2.400 m²
= 1833.128 KN
X
0.3.Pu f c
'
2) . Vc 2 1 .B.d
Ag 6
Fd d
= 2093.310 KN
q
Elevation
Vc = Min ( Vc1 , Vc2 ) Allowable Shear Force
= 1833.128 KN
The Critical Section for The Design for Flexural Reinforcement Should be Taken at The Face of The Column.
X1 = ((L-a)/2)
= 1.7 m
X1
qux1 qu m in (qu m ax qu m in )
L
= 222.167 KN/m²
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= 1284.123 + 44.629
= 1328.752 KN.m
B= 4
M ux1
Required Rn =
.B.d 2
0.85. f c\ 2 Rn
1 1
fy 0.85. f c\
If ( > m in ,
, m in ) X1= 1.7
0.0039
Fd d
Required As = x B x d
= 0.0039 x 4000 x 485 q
= 7503.98 mm²
Elevation
Use Steel with 20 mm A = 314.16 mm²
NPb = round (( Required As / A ) + 1 ) Number of Steel Reinforcement Required
= 25
= 160 mm
Provided As = NPb x A
= 25 x 314.16
= 7853.98 mm²
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X1 = ((L-a)/2)
= 1.7 m
X 12
Mu net qu net B
2
= 562.652 KN.m
M ux1
Required Rn = = 0.9 Strength Rediction Factor
.B.d 2 " Reference ACI 318 - 02, clause 9.3.2"
Rn = 664.437 KN/m²
0.85. f c\ 2 Rn
1 1 0.0016
fy 0.85. f c\
If ( > m in ,
, m in )
0.0018
Required As = x B x d
= 0.0018 x 4000 x 485
= 3492.00 mm²
= 12
= 348 mm
Provided As = NPt x A
= 12 x 314.16
= 3769.911
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Pd = Pc + Wp
= 1788.00 + 35.13
= 1823.13 KN Loads on Foundation when
Subjected to Compression
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1 = 0.65
h0 1 1
Mu Mxu Myu = 585.98 K N.m
b 1
h0 1 1
Mc Mxc Myc = 88.44 KN.m
b 1
7.9.3 DESIGN FOR COMPRESSION:
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actual = As / ( h0 x b )
= 0.04363
e copm. = Mc / Pc
= 88.44 / 2400.00
= 0.03685 m
e1 = d - ( h0 / 2 ) + e comp.
= 490.50 - 300 + 36.849
= 227.35 mm
d1 = cov + Sd + Asd / 2
= 85 + 12 + 12.5
= 109.5 mm
fy
m1 = = 420 / 28 = 17.647
0.85. f c'
e1 e
2
d e
Pc1 = 0.85. f c .b.d 1 1 1 2. .(m1 1).(1 1 ) 1
'
d d d d
= 10146.69 KN > 2400.000 KN
Mu = 585.98 K N.m
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Date: May 26, 2014
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In order to calculate the iteraction curve due to the uplift force, it is necessary to calcuate the bending capacity of
the section Mu0 when the axial load is zero, Also we need to determine Pu00 the maximum axial capacity of the
section in the absence of the moment.
we will assume the x value " distance of the center of rotation from the center line of the section" and then it will
be adjusted to be as foolow
y = fy / E
= 420 / 200000 = 0.0021
fs = ( s / y ) f y = 145.759 Mpa
Eq = Ts - Cc - Cs = 585.201
Xts = 0.5 * ( d -d1 ) = 190.5 mm Tension Steel Distance from the center
Xcs = 0.5 * ( d -d1 ) = 190.5 mm Compression Steel Distance from the center
= 0.261 + 0.497
= 0.758 < 1
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7.9.5 TIES:
ds = 12 mm Diameter of Ties
Ass = d 2
s Area of Ties
4
= 113.10 0
The bearing strength of the footing is increased by a factor Sqrt ( A2 / A1 ) <= 2 due to the large footing area
permitting a greater distribution of the column load.
1.2
a
B= 4 a w 0.6
45
45
1.2
Fd = 0.6
Fd= 0.6
A1 is the column (loaded) area and A2 is the plan area of the lower base of the largest frustum of the pyramide , cone
or tapered wedge cotained wholly within the support and for having its upper base the loaded area , and having side
slopes of 1 vertical to 2 horizontal.
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A1 = Ap = 360000 0
A2 / A1 = 5 > 2 A2 / A1 = 2
Note that bearing on the column concrete will allways govern until the strength of the column concrete exceeds
twice that of the footing concrete
A2
Pnb .(0.85. f c' . A1 ).
A1
= 11138.4 KN > 3595.756 OK
Even though bearing on the column and footing concrete is adequate to transfer the factored loads, a minimum area of
reinforcement is required across the interface.
" Reference ACI 318 - 02, clause 15.8.2.1"
Asmin = 0.005 x Ap Ap Area of Pedestal
= 0.005 x 360000
= 1800 0
Shorter development lengths are required for bars in compression than in tension since the weakening effect of
flexural tension cracks in the concrete is not present. The development length for deformed bars or deformed wire in
compression is dc = (db.fy) / (4.Sqrt (f c)), but not less than 0.04.db.fy or 200mm.
" Reference ACI 318 - 02, clause 12.3"
fy
dc1 = db
4 f c'
dc1 = 496.08 mm
dc2 = 0.04 f y db
= 420 mm
dc3 = 200 mm
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= Footing Thickness - Cover - 2.( Footing Bar Diameter ) - Dowel Bar Diameter
= 600 - 85 - 40 - 25
= 450 > 389.78 OK Therefore, the dowels can be fully developed in the footing
Note: If case the avilable development length is less than the required length, either increase footing depth or use
larger number of smaller size dowels. Also note that if the footing dowels are bent for placement on top of the
footing reinforcement , the bent portion cannot be considered effective for development the bars in compression.
7.13.1 EXCAVATION:
L = 4 m
Y
B = 4 m Eh = 0.5 G.L
h = 3.5 m
Fd = 600 mm h= 3.5
20
H = h + Fd = 4.1 m
X = 0.5 m
Fd = 0.6
= 20 deg X
X
B= 4
Y = H x tan ( s )
= 4.1 x 0.364
= 1.492 m
Vs = H
3
At Ab At Ab Volume of Soil to be Excavated
Vs = 175.9 m³
L = 4 m Footing Length
B = 4 m Footing Width
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7.13.3 BACKFILL:
OL = h + Eh + Fd
= 4.6 m
A= 4.46 m
A1 = OL - Fd + dc
= 4.6 - 0.6 + 0.3898
= 4.390 m B= 0.30 m
A = A1 x
= 4.390 x 1.016
= 4.46 m
B = 12 x Asd
= 12 x 25
= 0.30 m
a1 = a - 2. cov 200
= 0.6 - 0.17 a1 0.43
= 0.43 m
3- Footing Rebars:
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C1 = (( Fd - 2. cov ) / 2 ) + 0.1
= 0.315 m
C2 = L - ( 2 x cov )
= 4 - 0.17
= 3.83 m
ds = 12 mm Diameter of Ties
NS = 21 mm Number of Ties
LS ( Total ) = LS x NS
= 2.02 x 21
= 41.56 m
3- Footing Rebars:
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Pc = 2400.00 KN B = 4.00 m
Pc
Ph-y
Pu = 1788.00 KN L = 4.00 m
Factored Loads
Eh a
GL a Ph-x
Ph-x = 363.00 KN Fd = 600.00 mm
Chimney
Pad
Geometry
M = 0.00 KN a = 600.00 mm
B
c = 24.00 KN/m³ cov = 85.00 mm L
STEEL REINFORCEMENT
PAD CHIMNEY
Top reinforcement for Chimney Vertical
Ties ( Stirrups )
C2 = 3.83 Pad Bars
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