No.

Name and surname Index number

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Team members 8.    

II part of development profile for ___________________________

 Introduction

We all know that China’s rise from a poor developing country to a major economic
power in about four decades has been spectacular. From 1979 (when economic reforms
began) to 2017, China’s real gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an average annual rate of
nearly 10%. According to the World Bank, China has “experienced the fastest sustained
expansion by a major economy in history—and has lifted more than 800 million people out of
poverty.” China has emerged as a major global economic power. For example, it ranks first in
terms of economic size on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis, value-added manufacturing,
merchandise trade, and holder of foreign exchange reserves. China’s rapid economic growth
has led to a substantial increase in bilateral commercial ties with the United States. According
to U.S. trade data, total trade between the two countries grew from $5 billion in 1980 to $660
billion in 2018. China is currently the United States’ largest merchandise trading partner, its
third-largest export market, and its largest source of imports. Many U.S. companies have
extensive operations in China in order to sell their products in the booming Chinese market
and to take advantage of lower-cost labor for export-oriented manufacturing.3 These
operations have helped some U.S. firms to remain internationally competitive and have
supplied U.S. consumers with a variety of low-cost goods. China’s large- scale purchases of
U.S. Treasury securities (which totaled $1.1 trillion as of April 2019 have enabled the federal
government to fund its budget deficits, which help keep U.S. interest rates relatively low.4

However, the emergence of China as a major economic power has raised concern
among many U.S. policymakers. Some claim that China uses unfair trade practices (such as
an undervalued currency and subsidies given to domestic producers) to flood U.S. markets
with low-cost goods, and that such practices threaten American jobs, wages, and living
standards. Others contend that China’s growing use of industrial policies to promote and
protect certain domestic Chinese industries or firms favored by the government, and its failure
to take effective action against widespread infringement and theft of U.S. intellectual property
rights (IPR) in China, threaten to undermine the competitiveness of U.S. IP-intensive
industries. In addition, while China has become a large and growing market for U.S. exports,
critics contend that numerous trade and investment barriers limit opportunities for U.S. firms
to sell in China, or force them to set up production facilities in China as the price of doing
business there.

2
 Deposit interest rate (%)

Deposit interest rate (%) in China was reported at 1.5 % in 2018, according to the
World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized
sources.

Country Scale 201 201 201 201 2014 201 201 201 201 201
Name (Precision) 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9
China Unit (0.0) 2,8 3,5 3 3 2,8 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 …

Deposit Interest Rate in China is expected to be 0.35 percent by the end of this quarter,
according to Trading Economics global macro models and analysts expectations. Looking
forward, we estimate Deposit Interest Rate in China to stand at 0.35 in 12 months time. In the
long-term, the Current Deposit Interest Rate in China is projected to trend around 0.35 percent
in 2020, according to our econometric models.

Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)

3
China: Non-performing loans as percent of all bank loans: For that indicator, The World Bank
provides data for China from 2010 to 2017. The average value for China during that period
was 1.31 percent with a minimum of 0.95 percent in 2012 and a maximum of 1.74 percent in
2016. Bank nonperfoming loans to total gross loans (%) in China was reported at 1.833 % in
2018, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from
officially recognized sources.

The percent non-performing loans in China reflects the health of the banking system. A higher
percent of such loans shows that banks have difficulty collecting interest and principal on
their credits. That may lead to less profits for the banks in China and, possibly, bank closures.

Definition: Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans are the value of nonperforming
loans divided by the total value of the loan portfolio (including nonperforming loans before
the deduction of specific loan-loss provisions). The loan amount recorded as nonperforming
should be the gross value of the loan as recorded on the balance sheet, not just the amount that
is overdue.

Real interest rate (%)

4
 Real interest rate (%) in China was reported at 1.3763 % in 2018, according to the
World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized
sources.

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

China -1.0 -1.4 3.6 3.8 4.8 4.3 3.2 0.4 1.4 ..

Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)

5
 The latest value for Total reserves (includes gold, current US$) in China was
$3,168,220,000,000 as of 2018.

Year Value
2009 $2,452,900,000,000
2010 $2,913,710,000,000
2011 $3,254,670,000,000
2012 $3,387,510,000,000
2013 $3,880,370,000,000
2014 $3,900,040,000,000
2015 $3,405,250,000,000
2016 $3,097,660,000,000
2017 $3,235,680,000,000
2018 $3,168,220,000,000

Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP)

6
 Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) in China was reported at 161 % in 2018,
according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially
recognized sources.

China: Domestic credit to the private sector, percent of GDP: For that indicator, The
World Bank provides data for China from 1977 to 2017. The average value for China during
that period was 97.39 percent with a minimum of 49.74 percent in 1979 and a maximum of
157.57 percent in 2016.

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

China 126.6 123.1 128.9 134.3 140.7 153.2 157.6 157.0 161.1 ..

Lending interest rate (%)

7
 Lending interest rate (%) in China was reported at 4.35 % in 2018, according to the
World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized
sources.

201
2010 2011 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
3

China 5.8 6.6 6.0 6.0 5.6 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 ..

The World Bank provides data for China from 1980 to 2018. The average value for China
during that period was 6.99 percent with a minimum of 4.35 percent in 2015 and a maximum
of 12.06 percent in 1995.

Bank capital to assets ratio (%)

8
Bank capital to assets ratio (%) in China was reported at 9.0702 % in 2018, according to the
World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized
sources.

China's Capital Adequacy Ratio was measured at 14.5 % in Sep 2019, compared with the
previous update of 14.1 % in Jun 2019. China's Liquid Assets Ratio is updated quarterly,
available from Dec 2007 to Sep 2019. The data reached an all-time high of 14.5 % in Sep
2019 and a record low of 8.4 % in Dec 2007.

201 201 201 201 201

2011 2013 2016 2018 2019
0 2 4 5 7

China 6.1 6.4 6.5 6.7 7.2 8.4 8.1 8.6 9.1 14.5

Stocks traded, total value (% of GDP)

9
Stocks traded, total value (% of GDP) in China was reported at 96.05 % in 2018, according to
the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized
sources.

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

China 135.7 88.4 58.9 80.4 114.6 357.0 163.8 141.4 96.1 ..

The market capitalization of listed domestic companies (% of GDP)

10
 China's Market Capitalization accounted for 46.5 % of its Nominal GDP in Dec 2018,
compared with a percentage of 71.7 % in the previous year. China's Market Capitalization: %
Nominal GDP is updated yearly, available from Dec 2003 to Dec 2018. The data reached an
all-time high of 126.2 % in Dec 2007 and a record low of 17.6 % in Dec 2005. The World
Bank provides annual Market Capitalization as % of Nominal GDP. Market Capitalization
includes domestic companies listed at the end of the year and excludes investment companies,
mutual funds and other collective investment vehicles. In the latest reports, Shanghai Stock
Exchange recorded a daily P/E ratio of 13.8 in Jun 2019. CSI 300 Index closed at 3,825.6
points in Jun 2019.

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

China 66.2 45.2 43.3 41.3 57.5 74.3 65.7 71.7 46.5 ..

Listed domestic companies, total

11
Listed domestic companies, total in China was reported at 3584 in 2018, according to the
World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized
sources.

201
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
9
Chin 2,063. 2,342. 2,494. 2,489. 2,613. 2,827. 3,052. 3,485. 3,584.
..
a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

The World Bank provides data for China from 1995 to 2018. The average value for
China during that period was 1759 companies with a minimum of 323 companies in 1995 and
a maximum of 3584 companies in 2018.

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$)

12
 Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) in China was reported at
203492014029 USD in 2018, according to the World Bank collection of development
indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources.

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

243,703,43 280,072,21 241,213,8 290,928,43 268,097,18 242,489,33 174,749,58 166,083,755, 203,492,014

China
4,558.2 9,149.9 68,161.4 1,467.0 1,064.3 1,627.4 4,584.1 721.6 ,029.3

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)

13
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in China was reported at 2.1286 % in
2017, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from
officially recognized sources.

201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201 201

2019
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Chin
1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 .. ..
a

The United Nations provides data for China from 1996 to 2017. The average value for China
during that period was 1.39 percent with a minimum of 0.56 percent in 1996 and a maximum
of 2.13 percent in 2017

Researchers in R&D (per million people)

14
 Researchers in R&D (per million people) in China was reported at 1235 in 2017,
according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially
recognized sources.

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

890. 1,021. 1,073. 1,096. 1,158. 1,205. 1,234.

China 963.9 .. ..
5 0 2 5 9 7 8

Trademark applications, direct resident

15
 Trademark applications, direct resident in China was reported at 19 in 2015, according
to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized
sources.1

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

China 973,514.0 1,273,859.0 1,502,582.0 1,733,387.0 1,997,058.0

High-technology exports (current US$)

1
There is no data for 2015,2016,2017,2018 and 2019
16
 The latest value for High-technology exports (current US$) in China was
$654,188,000,000 as of 2017. Over the past 10 years, the value for this indicator has
fluctuated between $655,996,000,000 in 2013 and $342,610,000,000 in 2007.

Year Value

2007 $342,610,000,000

2008 $390,994,000,000

2009 $359,274,000,000

2010 $474,522,000,000

2011 $540,195,000,000

2012 $593,894,000,000

2013 $655,996,000,000

2014 $653,870,000,000

2015 $652,237,000,000

2016 $594,552,000,000

2017 $654,188,000,000

The United Nations provides data for China from 2007 to 2017. The average value for
China during that period was 537484.73 million U.S. dollars with a minimum of 342609.99
million U.S. dollars in 2007 and a maximum of 655996.29 million U.S. dollars in 2013.

Charges for the use of intellectual property, receipts (BoP, current US$)

17
 . The latest value for Charges for the use of intellectual property, receipts (BoP,
current US$) in China was $5,561,289,000 as of 2018. Over the past 21 years, the value for
this indicator has fluctuated between $5,561,289,000 in 2018 and $55,000,000 in 1997.

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Chin 830,483,814. 743,301,698. 1,044,102,041. 886,670,295. 676,381,923. 1,084,600,061. 1,161,195,654. 4,803,034,260. 5,561,288,668.
a 0 0 0 0 7 1 7 1 1

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 Charges for the use of intellectual property, payments (BoP, current
US$)

The latest value for Charges for the use of intellectual property, payments (BoP,
current US$) in China was $35,782,960,000 as of 2018. Over the past 21 years, the value for
this indicator has fluctuated between $35,782,960,000 in 2018 and $420,000,000 in 1998.

Year Value
2007 $8,192,068,000

2008 $10,319,470,000

2009 $11,065,270,000

2010 $13,039,550,000

2011 $14,706,110,000

2012 $17,748,980,000

2013 $21,033,080,000

2014 $22,613,800,000

2015 $22,022,370,000

2016 $23,979,580,000

2017 $28,746,480,000

Patent applications, residents

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The latest value for Patent applications, residents in China was 1,393,815 as of 2018. Over the
past 33 years, the value for this indicator has fluctuated between 1,393,815 in 2018 and 3,494
in 1986.

Year Value
2008 194,579
2009 229,096
2010 293,066
2011 415,829
2012 535,313
2013 704,936
2014 801,135
2015 968,252
2016 1,204,981
2017 1,245,709
2018 1,393,815

Scientific and technical journal articles

The value for Scientific and technical journal articles in China was 426,165 as of
2016. As the graph below shows, over the past 13 years this indicator reached a maximum
value of 426,165 in 2016 and a minimum value of 86,621 in 2003.

20
 Year Value
2006 189,76
2007 215,7
2008 249,973
2009 290,33
2010 316,915
2011 334,045
2012 332,082
2013 362,973
2014 393,963
2015 411,268
2016 426,165

Systematization of data (tables

and graphical presentations)
The evaluation and correctly prepared
of the collected conclusions for individual
data (Folders indicators and the overall
with indicators) conclusion
Max. 5 Max. 15
Min. 0 Max. 0
Number and title of the indicator
5.1. Deposit interest rate (%) 1 2
5.2. Bank nonperforming loans to total
gross loans (%) 1 2
5.3. Real interest rate (%) 1 2

21
5.4. Total reserves (includes gold,
current US$) 1 2
5.5. Domestic credit to the private
sector (% of GDP) 1 2
5.6. Lending interest rate (%) 1 2
5.7. Bank capital to assets ratio (%) 1 2
5.8. Domestic credit to the private
sector (% of GDP) 1 2
5.9. Stocks traded, total value (% of
GDP) 1 2

5.10. The market capitalization of listed

domestic companies (% of GDP) 1 2
5.11. Listed domestic companies, total 1 2
5.12. Foreign direct investment, net
inflows (BoP, current US$) 1 2
5.13. Research and development
expenditure (% of GDP) 1 2
5.14. Researchers in R&D (per million
people) 1 2
5.15. Trademark applications, direct
resident 1 2
5.16. High-technology exports (current
US$) 1 2

5.17. Charges for the use of intellectual

property, receipts (BoP, current US$) 1 2

5.18. Charges for the use of intellectual

property, payments (BoP, current US$) 1 2
5.19. Patent applications, residents 1 2
5.20. Scientific and technical journal
articles 1 2

22