THERMODYNAMICS & INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
Prepared by: Engr. Jan Lexver C. Tiangco
Processes of Ideal Gas
I. Isobaric Process
1. A piston – cylinder system contains
a gas which expands under a constant
pressure of 1200 lbf/ft2. If the
piston is displaced 12” during the
process, and the piston diameter is
24”, what is the work done by the
gas on the piston?
2. Ammonia weighing 22 kg is confined
inside a cylinder equipped with a
piston has an initial pressure of
413 kPa at 38 ℃. If 2900 kJ of heat
is added to the ammonia until its
pressure and temperature are 413 kPa
and 100 ℃ respectively, what is the
amount of work done by the fluid in
kJ?
3. Determine the change in enthalpy per
lbm of nitrogen gas as its
temperature changes from 500 °F to
200 °F.
4. Calculate the change in enthalpy as
1 kg of nitrogen is heated from 1000
K to 1500 K, assuming the nitrogen
is an ideal gas at a constant
pressure. The temperature dependent
specific heat of nitrogen is CP =
39.06 − 512.79T −1.5 + 1072.7T −2 − 820.4T −3
where CP is in kJ/kg-mol and T is in
K.
5. A closed gaseous system undergoes a
reversible process during which 25
BTU are rejected, the volume
changing from 5 ft3 to 2 ft3, and the
pressure remains constant at 50
psia. Find the change of internal
energy.
II. Isometric Process
6. An amount 1.63 lb of gas is contained
in a tank, the volume of which is 2
ft3. If the internal energy is
decreases by 27.4 Btu as temperature
changes from 200 °F to 100 °F,
compute the specific heat at
constant volume conditions.
7. A rigid tank contains air at 500 kPa
and 150 degree C. As a result of heat
transfer to the surroundings, the
temperature and pressure inside the
tank drop to 65 degree C and 400 kPa
respectively. Determine the boundary
work done during the process.
8. There are 1.36 kg of gas for which
R = 377 J/kg-K and k = 1.25 that
undergo a nonflow constant volume
process from 551.6 kPa and 60 deg C
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW – MALAYAN COLLEGE LAGUNA
to 1655 kPa. During the process the
gas is internally stirred and there
are also added 105.5 kJ of heat.
Determine the change of entropy.
III. Isothermal Process
9. A piston cylinder device initially
contains 0.4 m3 of air at 100 kPa and
80 deg C. The air is now compressed
to 0.1 m3 in such a way that the
temperature inside the cylinder
remains constant. Determine the work
done during the process.
10. Air flows steadily through an
engine at constant temperature of
400 K. Find the work per kg if the
exit pressure is one – third of the
inlet pressure and the inlet
pressure is 207 kPa.
11. Work done by a substance in
reversible nonflow manner in
3
accordance with V = 100/P ft , where
P is in psia. Evaluate the work done
on or by the substance as the
pressure increases from 10 psia to
100 psia.
IV. Isentropic Process
12. Air having an initial pressure of
6,516 kPa and an initial volume of
0.113 m3 is compressed adiabatically
to a final volume of 0.057 m3.
Calculate the pressure at the end of
compression.
13. A group of 50 persons attend a
secret meeting in room which is 12 m
wide by 10 m long and a ceiling
height of 3 m. The room is completely
sealed off and insulated. Each
person gives off 150 kCal per hour
of heat and occupies a volume of 0.20
m3. The room has an initial pressure
of 101.3 kPa and temperature of 16
℃. Calculate the room temperature
after 10 minutes. Use R = 0.287 kJ/kg-
K and CV = 0.171 kCal/kg-K.
V. Polytropic Process
14. Determine the value of “n” in the
process PVn = constant if this
process has the following end
states: 100 psia, 1 cu.ft.; 20 psia,
6 cu.ft.
15. Work of a polytropic (n = 1.21)
compression of air (Cp/Cv = 1.40) in
a system with moving boundary from
P1 = 15 psia, V1 = 1.0 ft3 to P2 = 150
psia, V2 = 0.15 ft3.
16. A gas at 1 atmosphere pressure
originally occupies a volume of 20
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THERMODYNAMICS & INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
Prepared by: Engr. Jan Lexver C. Tiangco

ft3. The gas is polytropically combination of heat transfer

compressed with n = 1.15 until the processes that is constant pressure
pressure is 48.51 psia. What work is and constant volume.
required for this compression?
11. At the beginning of the
Internal Combustion Engine compression process of an air-
standard dual cycle with a
compression ratio of 18, the
OTTO CYCLE temperature is 300 K and the
pressure is 0.1 MPa. The pressure
1. For an Otto cycle, heat is added at ratio for the constant volume part
of the heating process is 1.5:1.The
2. What is the thermal efficiency of an volume ratio for the constant
ideal Otto cycle if the heat pressure part of the heating process
transferred to air during heat is 1.2. Determine the thermal
addition process is 600 kJ/kg and efficiency of the cycle.
the heat rejected is 250 kJ/kg?
12. A dual cycle operates with ideal
3. The compression ratio of an ideal air between inlet conditions of 100
Otto cycle is 6. Under the cold air kPa, 300 K and a maximum temperature
standard assumption, compute the in the cycle of 2000 K. If equal
thermal efficiency of the cycle? amounts Q of heat are released in
the constant volume and constant
4. An Otto engine has a clearance pressure burn processes, and if the
volume of 7%. It produces 300 kW of compression ratio is 15:1 determine
power. What is the amount of heat Q.
rejected in kW?

5. The compression ratio of an air

standard gasoline engine is 8. The
initial pressure and temperature are
100 kPa and 25 degree Celsius. If
heat added is 1850 kJ/kg, what is
the temperature after isentropic
expansion?

DIESEL CYCLE

6. For an air standard Diesel cycle,

compression occurs at

7. What is the final temperature after

compression of a Diesel cycle if the
initial temperature is 32 ℃ and the
clearance is 8%?

8. The volumes of states 1, 2 and 3 of

a Diesel cycle are 300 cm3, 30 cm3
and 90 cm3 respectively. What is the
power output if the heat input is
120 kW?

9. An air standard Diesel cycle has a

compression ratio of 18. At the
beginning of the compression
process, air is at 100 kPa and 15
deg C. If the mean effective
pressure is 1362 kPa and the heat of
combustion is 1800 kJ/kg, find the
thermal efficiency.

DUAL CYCLE

10. The ideal cycle based on the

concept that the combustion process
is both diesel and gasoline in the

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