Jawapan
9 (a) Alat pemadam api jenis karbon dioksida, busa, dan
Bab 1
1 (a) Baju makmal, pakaian, anggota badan, percikan
bahan kimia
Lab coat, clothing, body parts, splashing of chemicals
(b) Kasut makmal, kaki, panas, berat, tajam
Lab shoes, feet, hot, heavy, sharp, slipping
(c) Topeng muka, sistem pernafasan, wasap berbahaya,
habuk
Face mask, respiratory system, hazardous gases, dust
(d) Sarung tangan, terkena tumpahan, bahan kimia
Gloves, splashes, chemicals
(e) Pencuci mata, membilas dan mencuci mata
Eye wash, rinse and wash eyes
(f) Semburan kecemasan, membersih, bahan kimia
Safety shower, clean up, spill of chemicals
(g) Kebuk wasap, bahan kimia yang berbahaya
Fume chamber, toxic chemicals
(h) Kabinet keselamatan biologi, kultur bakteria
Biological safety cabinet, bacterial culture
(i) Hud aliran lamina, kerja penyediaan
Laminar flow, preparation
2 (a) 5, 9
(b) Cecair, rendah/liquids, low
(c) minyak/oil
3 Arsenik, kromium, plumbum, merkuri
Arsenic, chromium, lead, mercury
4 (a) 5
(b) 9
(c) Bahan kimia/Chemicals
(d) organik/organic
(e) radioaktif/radioactive
5 (a) masih hidup, habitatnya/still alive, its habitat
(b) ditanam/buried
(c) disteril/sterilised
6 (a) guru/teacher
(b) kawasan larangan/prohibited area
(c) serbuk sulfur, besi atau zink
sulphur, iron or zinc powder
(d) Bomba dan Penyelamat/Fire and Rescue
7 (a) terjejas/impaired
(b) pertuturan dan pendengaran/speech and hearing
(c) lemah/weak
8 (a) (i) kayu, kertas, kain, getah, plastik dan bahan
mudah terbakar/wood, paper, cloth, rubber,
plastic and flammable materials
(ii) • karbon dioksida, busa dan serbuk kering
carbon dioxide, foam and powder
• Selimut api, pasir dan air
Fire blanket, sand and water
(b) (i) cecair yang mudah terbakar/flammable liquids
(ii) karbon dioksida, busa dan serbuk kering
carbon dioxide, foam and dry powder
(c) (i) gas dan elektrik/gas and electricity
(ii) karbon dioksida dan serbuk kering
carbon dioxide and dry powder
(d) (i) logam yang mudah terbakar
Combustible metal
(ii) karbon dioksida dan serbuk kering
carbon dioxide and dry powder
© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2019
14_Jawapan__Excel in Sains Tingkatan 4.indd 1
serbuk kering
Fire extinguisher with carbon dioxide, foam and dry
powder
(b) Selimut api/Fire blanket
(c) Baldi berisi pasir/Pail filled with sand
10 (Pull) – Cabut,/(Aim) – Hala,/(Squeeze) – Tekan,/
(Sweep) – Sapu
Praktis Pentaksiran 1
Soalan Objektif
1 B 2 C 3 C 4 A 5 C
6 A 7 C 8 D 9 A 10 D
Soalan Subjektif
1 (a) Baju makmal/Lab coat
(b) 1 Tidak memakai topeng muka.
Did not wear face mask.
2 Menghalakan mulut tabung uji ke arah muka
kawan./Turning the mouth of the test tube
towards a friend.
(c) Mungkin terhidu gas berbahaya/May breathe in
poisonous gas.
2 (a) Bahan sisa pepejal/Solid waste
(b) 1 Bahan yang mempunyai nilai pH antara 5
hingga 9
Substances with a pH value between 5 and 9
2 Cecair atau larutan berkepekatan rendah dan
tidak berbahaya
Liquid or solution with low concentration and
harmless
3 Bahan yang tidak mengandungi gris atau
minyak
Substance which does not contain grease or oil
3 (a) Spesimen masih hidup hendaklah dikembalikan
semula ke habitatnya./Specimens (animal) which are
alive should be returned to its habitat.
(b) Spesimen yang telah dibedah hendaklah
dikumpulkan dan ditanam./Specimen which has
been operated must be collected and buried.
(c) Sisa harus disteril ataupun dinyahkuman dengan
menggunakan autoklaf./The waste must be sterile to
kill the microrganism using autoclave.
4 (a) Maklumkan kepada guru atau pembantu makmal
dengan segera.
Inform teachers or lab assistant immediately.
(b) Jadikan kawasan tumpahan sebagai kawasan
larangan.
Make the spill area into a prohibited area.
(c) Tabur serbuk sulfur, besi atau zink di atas
tumpahan merkuri./Spread sulphur, iron or zinc
powder to cover the mercury.
(d) Hubungi Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat.
Contact the Fire and Rescue Department.
5 Alat pemadam api jenis karbon dioksida, busa dan
serbuk kering, selimut api dan baldi berisi pasir.
Fire extinguisher with carbon dioxide, foam and dry
powder, fire blanket and pail filled with sand.
J1 Excel in Sains KSSM Tingkatan 4
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 6 Kebakaran berlaku dalam makmal disebabkan oleh
kecuaian, bahan kimia, letupan dan elektrik.
Fires in the laboratory are caused by negligence, chemicals,
explosion and electricity.
7 Punca oksigen, haba dan bahan api
Oxygen source, heat and fuel
Bab 2
1 serangan jantung, kerosakan otak
heart attacks, brain damage
2 (a) rangsangan/stimulus
(b) bernafas/breathing
(c) degupan jantung atau nadi/heartbeat or pulse
3 (a) jantung/attacks
(b) lemas/drowns
(c) elektrik/electrocuted
(d) panahan petir/struck by lightning
4 (a) aliran darah/blood flow
(b) udara/air
(c) kerosakan otak/brain damage
5 1 Periksa tindak balas/Check response
2 Periksa saluran pernafasan/Check on the airway and
breathing
3 Berikan mampatan dada/Give chest compressions
4 Berikan hembusan nafas/Blow into the mouth
6 tercekik, bernafas/choking, breathe
7 (a) leher/neck
(b) bercakap/speak
(c) Muka/face
(d) bernafas/breathing
8 (a) belakang/behind
(b) pusat, bahagian atas perut/ the naval, the upper part
of the stomach
(c) dalam, atas/inward, upward
9 (a) perhatian/the attention
(b) hujung penyandar kerusi, objek terkeluar
back of chairs, object out
10 (a) perut, belakang bayi, tumit tangan
stomach, infant’s back, heel of the hand
Praktis Pentaksiran 2
Soalan Objektif
1 C 2 A 3 A 4 D 5 B
Soalan Subjektif
1 (a) Apabila seseorang kena serangan jantung
When a person is liable to heart attacks
(b) Lemas ketika berenang/Drowned while swimming
(c) Seseorang terkena renjatan elektrik
When someone got electrocuted
(d) Seseorang terkena panahan petir
When someone is struck by lightning
2 • Mengekalkan aliran darah ke seluruh anggota
badan./Maintain blood flow to the entire body
• Mengekalkan aliran udara masuk dan keluar dari
paru-paru./Maintain air flowing in and out of the
lungs
• Untuk mencegah kerosakan otak sebelum
menerima bantuan perubatan.
To prevent brain damage before receiving medical aid
3 (a) Periksa pernafasan mangsa. Dagu diangkat dan
kepala didongakkan. Langkah ini bertujuan untuk
© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2019
14_Jawapan__Excel in Sains Tingkatan 4.indd 2
membuka saluran pernafasan dan memastikan
ianya tidak tersumbat./Check the airway for signs of
breathing. Tilt the head back and lift the chin. This
step is aimed to ensure that the airway is always
opened and not blocked.
(b) 4 minit/4 minutes
4 (a) Tekan pada bahagian dada
Applying pressure at the chest area
(b) Lengan sepatutnya lurus dengan jari dalam keadaan
interlok.
Arms should be straight with the fingers interlocked.
(c) Tekan sedalam 1½ – 2 inci sebanyak 30 kali pada
kadar 80 – 100 kali seminit.
Press into 1½ to 2 inches for 30 times at a rate of
80 – 100 compressions per minute.
(d) Supaya kecederaan pada sangkar rusuk mangsa
dapat dielakkan./To avoid injury to the ribcage.
(e) Tekan pada bahagian atas perut berdekatan dengan
bahagian dada./Press on the top part of the stomach
with compressing technique in the middle of the chest.
Bab 3
1 (a) Termometer klinik, badan
clinical thermometer, body
(b) Termometer makmal, larutan
laboratory thermometer, solution
(c) Termometer rektal, rektal, 3, tepat
rectal thermometer, rectum, 3, accurate
(d) Termometer inframerah, bersentuhan
infrared thermometer, touching
2 (a) vaselin, anus/vaseline, anus
(b) 5 minit/5 minutes
(c) air sabun, alkohol, bakteria
soapy water, alcohol, bacteria
3 (a) normal, 36.9
(b) Jangkitan penyakit/Infection
(c) panas/heat
(d) yang melampau/vigorous
(e) sejuk yang melampau/extreme cold
4 (a) denyutan arteri/artery’s pulsation
(b) (i) Leher/Neck
(ii) Pangkal paha/Groin
(iii) Belakang lutut/Back of knees
(iv) Pelipis – bahagian muka yang terletak antara
dahi dan telinga/Temple
(v) Bahagian atas atau bahagian dalam kaki
Top or inner side of the foot
(vi) Pergelangan tangan/Wrist
Aktiviti 3.1
Perbincangan/Discussion
(a) (i) Kadar denyutan selepas aktiviti/The pulse rate
after activities
(ii) Kadar nadi selepas aktiviti lebih tinggi
berbanding kadar nadi rehat kerana jantung
mengepam darah ke seluruh badan dengan
lebih kerap dan cepat./The pulse rate after
activities is higher compared to the resting pulse
rate because the heart has to pump blood to the
entire body more rapidly and quickly
(b) Kebiasaannya lelaki mempunyai kadar denyutan
yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan perempuan.
J2 Excel in Sains KSSM Tingkatan 4
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 Normally, males will have a higher pulse rate
compared to females.
(c) Bayi mempunyai kadar denyutan nadi yang lebih
tinggi berbanding orang dewasa kerana bayi lebih
aktif dan memerlukan lebih banyak oksigen.
Babies will have a higher pulse rate compared to
adults because they are more active and need more
oxygen.
(d) Atlet mempunyai kadar denyutan nadi yang lebih
rendah disebabkan kerana mereka mempunyai otot
kardiak yang lebih kuat.
Athletes have lower pulse rate compared to a normal
person because they have stronger cardiac muscles.
(e) Individu yang tidak sihat mempunyai kadar
denyutan nadi yang lebih rendah atau lebih tinggi
berbanding individu yang sihat.
A sick person may have a higher or lower pulse rate
compared to a normal healthy person.
5 (a) sfigmomanometer/sphygmomanometer
(b) sistolik, diastolik/systolic, diastolic
(c) Sistolik/Systolic
(d) Diastolik/Diastolic
(e) naik, jatuh, diastolik/raised, drops, diastolic
(f) 120/80
(g) mengecut, mengendur/contract, relax
(i) 90, 60
(ii) 90 – 120
(iii) 120 – 139, 80 – 89
(iv) 90 – 100
(v) 160, 100
6 (a) nutrisi/nutrition
(b) besi/ferrum
(c) fizikal/physical
7 Penyempitan arteri/Artery becomes narrow
Penyakit buah pinggang/Kidney diseases
Kencing manis/Diabetes mellitus
8 (a) Berat normal/Normal weight
(b) Berat berlebihan/Overweight
(c) Obesiti kelas 1/Obesity class 1
(d) Obesiti kelas 2/Obesity class 2
9 obesiti, tekanan darah tinggi, kencing manis
obese, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus
Praktis Pentaksiran 3
Soalan Objektif
1 B 2 C 3 B 4 D 5 B
6 D 7 C 8 C 9 A
Soalan Subjektif
1 (a) (i) makmal/Laboratory
(ii) klinikal/Clinical
(b) Termometer klinik/Clinical thermometer
(c) (i) Termometer ini sesuai digunakan kerana
mempunyai pencerutan./The thermometer is
suitable because it has a rat.
(ii) Pencerutan membolehkan merkuri tidak
turun dengan cepat setelah dikeluarkan dari
mulut dan memberi peluang untuk membaca
sukatan dengan tepat.
The rat allows mercury to drop slowly once
removed from the mouth and allow the reading
to be measured accurately.
© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2019
14_Jawapan__Excel in Sains Tingkatan 4.indd 3
(d) Suhu badan manusia dalam julat 35°C hingga 42°C
sahaja, maka tidak memerlukan skala berjulat besar.
The human body temperature only ranges from 35°C
to 42°C, so it does not require a larger range scale.
(e) Minyak bukan konduktor haba yang baik
berbanding merkuri, maka pengukuran perubahan
suhu adalah tidak tepat./Oil is not a good heat
conductor compared to mercury, thus the change in
temperature cannot be measured accurately.
Jisim badan /Body mass (kg)
2 (a) Formula BMI = 2
Ketinggian2 /Height (m2 )
(b) kg/m²
65
(c) (i) =
1.45 × 1.45
= 30.92 kg /m2
67
(ii) =
1.71 × 1.71
= 22.91 kg /m2
70
( iii) =
1.67 × 1.67
= 25.10 kg /m2
(d) (i) Obes/Obese
(ii) Berat normal/Normal weight
( iii) Berat berlebihan/Overweight
(e) Muhammad bin Majid
(f) Kencing manis/Diabetes mellitus
(g) • Selalu melakukan senaman/Exercise regularly
• Kurangkan berat badan dengan
mengurangkan pengambilan makanan
Reduce body weight by eating less food
3 (a) Sfigmomanometer/Sphygmomanometer
(b) Tekanan darah tinggi/High blood pressure
(c) • Kerap melakukan senaman/Exercises regularly
• Tidur yang mencukupi/Get enough sleep
• Makan ubat sekiranya tekanan darah tinggi
Take medicine if blood pressure is high
(d) • Penyempitan arteri/Artery becomes narrow
• Penyakit kardiovaskular/Cardiovascular
diseases
• Penyakit buah pinggang/Kidney diseases
• Kencing manis/Diabetes mellitus
Bab 4
1 (a) pembangunan, aplikasi, alam sekitar, alam
semula jadi, negatif/development, application, the
environment, nature, negative
(b) (i) Mengurangkan degradasi kualiti persekitaran.
Reduce environmental quality degradation.
(ii) Teknologi mesra alam dapat mengurangkan
pembebasan gas rumah hijau ke udara.
Environmentally friendly technology can help
to reduce the release of greenhouse gases into
the air.
(iii) Menjimatkan tenaga dan sumber asli.
Save energy and natural resources.
(iv) Menggunakan sumber tenaga yang boleh
diperbaharui serta selamat kepada alam
sekitar./Using renewable energy resources
which are safe to the environment.
J3 Excel in Sains KSSM Tingkatan 4
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 (c) (i)
Ekonomi/Economy
(ii)Sosial/Social
( iii) Alam sekitar/Environmental
(iv)ekonomi, penggunaan teknologi
economy, technology application
(v) kualiti hidup sejagat/overall quality of life
( vi) Meminimumkan, memulihara/Minimise,
conserve
(d) (i) Tenaga/Energy
(ii) Pengurusan sisa dan air sisa
Waste and wastewater management
(iii) Pertanian dan perhutanan/Agriculture and
forestry
( iv) Bangunan/Buildings
(v) Teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi
Information technology and communication
( vi) Industri pembuatan/Manufacturing industries
( vii) Pengangkutan/Transport
2 (a) pertumbuhan ekonomi, pembangunan lestari
economic growth, sustainable development
(b) tenaga yang dapat diganti atau dihasilkan
energy that can be replaced or reproduced
(c) mengurangkan, kerja/less, workload
(d) (i) Pemanasan global/Global warming
(ii) Perubahan iklim/Climate change
(iii) gas rumah hijau/greenhouse gases
( iv) Pencemaran alam/Environmental pollution
(v) Kecekapan tenaga/Energy efficiency
( vi) Kebergantungan/Dependence
3 (a) kecekapan penggunaan sumber, kesihatan awam
efficient use of resources, public health
(b) lebihan, tidak diingini, rosak, pecah, lusuh
excess, unwanted, damaged, broken, faded
(c) Sisa khas, merbahaya, memudaratkan
Special waste, dangerous, harmful
(d) Air sisa, digunakan/Waterwaste, used
(e) pembuangan sisa/waste disposal
(f) baja kompos/compost fertiliser
4 (a) pengurangan/reduction
(b) Pengasingan, boleh kitar semula/Separating,
recyclable
(c) Rawatan, baja/Treatment, fertiliser
(d) pengurangan, guna semula, kitar semula
reduction, reuse, recycle
5 (a) baja kompos, nutrien/compost fertiliser, nutrient
(b) pengairan tanaman, menyiram
Crop irrigation, watering
(c) penanaman/cultivation
(d) pokok, pembalakan/trees, logging
6 (a) tenaga bio/bioenergy
(b) pengurangan, karbon dioksida, menanam
reducing, carbon dioxide, planting
(c) nutrien, air hujan/nutrients, rainwater
7 (a) Pengangkutan hijau, mesra alam, kecekapan
penggunaan sumber/Green transportation,
environmentally friendly, efficient use of resources
(b) (ii) Basikal/Cycling
(iii) Guna pengangkutan awam/Use public
transport
( iv) Kenderaan elektrik/Electrical vehicles
(v) Guna teksi mesra alam/Use environmental
friendly taxi
(c) (i) Persekitaran yang bersih/Clean environment
(ii) Kesihatan lebih terkawal/More healthy
© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2019
14_Jawapan__Excel in Sains Tingkatan 4.indd 4
(iii) Pembangunan kelestarian yang ekonomik
Economical sustainable development
( iv) Jimat wang/Save money
Praktis Pentaksiran 4
Soalan Objektif
1 B 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 B
6 C 7 C 8 B 9 C 10 B
11 C 12 C 13 C
Soalan Subjektif
1 (a) (i) Pengangkutan/Transportation
(ii) Pembakaran bahan api/Fuel burning
( iii) Industri/Industries
(iv) Pembuangan sisa dan air sisa/Waste and
wastewater disposal
(v) Penebangan hutan/Deforestation
(b) (i) Kesan rumah hijau/Greenhouse effect
(ii) Peningkatan karbon dioksida/Increase in
carbon dioxide
(iii) Peningkatan pencemaran udara/Increase in
air pollution
(iv) Peningkatan suhu bumi/Increases temperature
of Earth
(c) (i) Kemarau panjang/Prolonged drought
(ii) Banjir melampau/Extreme flood
(iii) Ribut dan taufan/Storm and typhoon
(iv) Suhu yang terlalu panas dan sejuk
Extreme temperatures
(v) Kehilangan biodiversiti/Loss of biodiversity
(d) Teknologi hijau/Green technology
2 (a) Kulit pisang dibuang./Banana peel is thrown away.
(b) Kulit pisang boleh diolah untuk dijadikan bioplastik
yang mesra alam.
Banana skin can be treated to produce biodegradable
plastic which is environmentally friendly.
(c) Sektor pengurusan sisa dan air sisa
Sector of waste and wastewater management
(d) Biojisim/Biomass
(e) Batang pokok pisang boleh diproses dan dijadikan
tali atau kertas./The banana tree trunk can be
processed and turned into string or paper.
3 (a) Gas metana dihasilkan daripada bahan biojisim
seperti sisa sayur-sayuran dan kulit buah-buahan,
maka ia merupakan sejenis tenaga boleh baharu.
Biojisim merupakan alternatif untuk menggantikan
bahan api fosil seperti petroleum.
Methane gas is produced from biomass waste
materials such as vegetables and fruit skin, thus, it is
a type of renewable energy. Biomass is an alternative
for replacing fossil fuels such as petroleum.
(b) Bagi mengatasi masalah ini, penggunaan biogas
daripada sisa buangan makanan atau sisa buangan
haiwan seperti najis lembu adalah dicadangkan.
Contohnya sisa buangan najis lembu yang
dihasilkan setiap hari boleh dikumpulkan di
dalam satu tangki yang disediakan di kawasan
perkampungan bagi menghasilkan biogas yang
dapat disalurkan ke setiap rumah seperti mana
yang dilakukan di negara India.
In order to overcome this problem, the use of biogas
from food waste or animal waste such as manure is
proposed. For example, manure produced per day can
be collected at a tank in the village to produce biogas
J4 Excel in Sains KSSM Tingkatan 4
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 which can be distributed to every home as what is (h) Dua kali/Twice
being done in India. (i) Empat/Four
4 (a) tenaga solar, tenaga elektrik/solar energy, electrical (j) Separuh daripada bilangan sel induk
energy Half of that in parent cell
(b) pencemaran udara, karbon monoksida, sulfur (k) Berbeza daripada sel induk/Different from parent cell
dioksida (l) Ada/Occurs
air pollution, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide 7 (a) pindah silang/crossing over
(c) Kereta solar, mesra alam, pembebasan asap (b) variasi genetik/genetic variation
pencemaran 8 (a) Gregor Mendel
solar car, eco-friendly, emission of smoke pollutants (b) Genotip/genotype
5 Teknologi hijau, mesra alam, mengurangkan pelepasan (c) Fenotip, ciri-ciri fizikal/Phenotype, physical
gas karbon/Green technology, environmental friendly, properties
reduce carbon emission (d) Genotip, fenotip/Genotype, phenotype
6 cuaca panas, bencana alam/hot weather, natural disasters 9
7
bapa tinggi ibu tinggi
hijau, mengitar semula sampah, menggunakan peralatan tall father tall mother

cekap tenaga, mengamalkan penjimatan tenaga dan air

Tt Tt
green, garbage recycling, using energy-efficient equipment,
practicing energy and water saving
T t T t
Bab 5

1 (a) Kromosom; halus/Chromosome; fine

(b) Sel/Cell
(c) Asid deoksiribonukleik (DNA)/Deoxyribonucleic TT Tt Tt tt

acid (DNA) Tinggi Tinggi Tinggi Kerdil

(d) Gen; ciri-ciri/Gene; characteristic Tall Tall Tall Dwarf

2 (a) (i) Deoxyribase/Deoksiribase 3: 1

(ii) fosfat/Phosphate 10 (a) 44 + XY, 22 + X 22 + Y
( iii) nitrogen/Nitrogenous (b) 44 + XX, Ovum/ovum
(b) autosom, kromosom seks/autosomes, sex 11
bapa
chromosomes father
ibu
mother
(c) X, X, Y 44 + XY 44 + XX
3 (a) 46
(b) 46
(c) Meiosis/Meiosis
(d) 23 22 + X 22 + Y 22 + X 22 + X
(e) 23
(f) Persenyawaan/Fertilisation
(g) 46
(h) Mitosis/Mitosis 44 + XX 44 + XX 44 + XY 44 + XY
(i) 46
4 (a) memendek dan menebal/shorten and thicken perempuan perempuan lelaki lelaki
female female male male
(b) replikasi, kromatid, sentromer/replication,
chromatids, centromere
2: 2
(c) khatulistiwa sel/cell equator
12 (a) spontan, gen/spontaneous, genes
(d) terpisah, kutub sel yang bertentangan/separate,
(b) struktur, bilangan/structure, number
opposite poles of the cell
13
(e) membran nukleus/nucleus membrane
(f) Dua, bilangan kromosom yang sama 47 47 45
Two, the same number of chromosomes 21 X X
5 (a) memendek dan menebal/shorten and thicken
(b) replikasi, kromatid, sentromer/replication, Lelaki atau perempuan Lelaki Perempuan
chromatids, centromere Male or female Male Female
(c) Pindah silang, pertukaran maklumat genetik sepet kecil
Crossing over, exchange of genetic information Small, narrow Small
(d) berpisah/separate
(e) membran nukleus, Empat, sel induk 14 (a) melanin, kulit, putih/melanin, white, skin
nuclear membrane, Four, parent cell (b) sel darah merah, oksigen/red blood cells, oxygen
6 (a) Sel soma/Somatic cells (c) membeku/clot
(b) Satu kali/Once (d) merah, hijau/red, green
(c) Dua/Two 15 (a) (i) radioaktif, ultraungu/radioactive, ultraviolet
(d) Sama dengan sel induk/Same as parent cells (ii) • benzena/benzene
(e) Sama dengan sel induk/Identical to parent cell • formaldehid/formaldehyde
(f) Tidak/No • asid lisergik dietilamid (LSD)/diethylamide
(g) Sel pembiakan/Reproductive cells lysergic acid (LSD)

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 • diphenylamine/diphenylamine (d) 4
• pestisid/pesticides 2 (a) (i) S: Coklat/Brown
( iii) nikotin, dadah/nicotine, drugs (ii) V: Biru/Blue
(b) (i) variasi/variatian (b) 1:1
(ii) lebih tahan/more resistant (c) (i) P: Meiosis/Meiosis
16 (a) Sains forensik/Forensic science (ii) R: Persenyawaan/Fertilisation
(b) Terapi gen/Gene therapy (d) Variasi tak selanjar/Discontinuous variation
(c) Genealogi genetik/Genetic genealogy 3 (a) Lelaki/Boy
17 (a) (i) Penemuan penyakit keturunan/Discovery of (b) Persenyawaan/Fertilisation
hereditary diseases (c) (i) Kembar seiras/Identical twins
(ii) Penghasilan insulin/Insulin production (ii) Satu zigot membahagi dan membentuk dua
( iii) Penghasilan enzim/Enzyme synthesis zigot
( iv) Kejuruteraan genetik/Genetic engineering One zygote splits and forms into two zygotes
(b) (i) Makanan yang diubah-suai genetik (d) Akan terjadi kembar siam/Will form Siamese twins
Genetically modified food (GMF) 4 (a)
(ii) Pengklonan/Cloning
Variasi selanjar Variasi tak selanjar
(iii) Pembiakbakaan terpilih/Selective breeding
Continuous variation Discontinuous variation
(c) (i) pengeluaran/yield
(ii) serangan penyakit/diseases Perbezaan ciri-ciri manusia Menunjukkan perbezaan
( iii) lebih bermutu/better quality yang tidak jelas ciri-ciri manusia yang jelas
( iv) singkat/shorter Does not show obvious Shows obvious differences in
18 (a) sikap/behavior differences in human human characteristics
(b) genetik, persekitaran/genetic, environmental characteristics
(c) selanjar, tak selanjar/continuous, discontinuous Dipengaruhi oleh faktor Dipengaruhi oleh faktor
19 persekitaran/Influenced by genetik
tidak jelas nyata, jelas environmental factors Influenced by genetic factors
not obvious obvious, clear Tidak diwarisi Diwarisi
persekitaran genetik Not inherited Inherited
environment genetic Membentuk graf taburan Membentuk graf taburan
Tidak Ya normal/Forms a normal diskrit/Forms a discrete
No Yes distribution graph distribution graph
(a) Berat Badan/Weight (a) Jantina/Sex (b) • Dua ciri sepunya/Two common characteristics
(b) Ketinggian/Height (b) Kumpulan darah/Blood − Menunjukkan perbezaan sifat yang jelas
group Shows obvious differences in traits
(c) Warna kulit/Skin colour (c) Cap jari/Fingerprint − Dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik
(d) Kepintaran/Intelligence (d) Jenis rambut/Type of hair Influenced by genetic factors
Taburan normal Taburan diskrit • Konsep awal/Initial concept
Normal distribution Discrete distribution Variasi yang menunjukkan perbezaan sifat
yang jelas dan dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik
ialah variasi tak selanjar.
Praktis Pentaksiran 5 Variation that shows obvious differences in
traits and is influenced by genetic factors is a
Soalan Objektif discontinuous variation.
1 C 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 B • Contoh: cap jari/ jenis rambut
6 D 7 A 8 C 9 C 10 A Another example: fingerprint/type of hair
11 D 12 B 13 A 14 C 15 B Bukan contoh: Berat badan/ketinggian
16 B 17 A 18 B 19 C 20 B Non-example: Height/weight
21 D • Konsep sebenar: Variasi tak selanjar ialah
variasi yang menunjukkan perbezaan sifat
Soalan Struktur yang jelas dan dipengaruhi oleh faktor
1 (a) (i) Meiosis/Meiosis genetik./Actual concept: A discontinuous
(ii) Pembentukan gamet/Formation of gametes variation is a variation that shows obvious
(b) (i) Pindah silang/Crossing over differences in characteristics and is influenced
(ii) Menghasilkan variasi pada anak by genetic factors.
Give rise to variation in offspring
(c) Bab 6

1 (a) sistem rangka/skeletal system

(b) (i) Rangka dalam/Endoskeleton
(ii) Rangka luar/Exoskeleton
( iii) Rangka hidrostatik/Hydrostatic skeleton

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 (c) (ii) Keluasan tapak/Size of the base area
(b) (i) Buaya/Crocodile
(ii) Untuk merendahkan pusat graviti bagi
mencapai stabiliti.
Lowering the centre of gravity to achieve
stability.
Rangka hidrostatik Rangka luar Rangka dalam (iii) Untuk menambah keluasan tapak bagi
Hydrostatic skeleton Exoskeleton Endoskeleton
mencapai stabiliti.
Increasing the base area to achieve stability.
10 (a) dua atau lebih tulang/two or more bones
(b) membran synovial, geseran/synovial membrane,
friction
(c) hentakan/impact
(d) rangka dalam/endoskeleton 11 (a) (i) mengecut, mengendur/contracts, relaxes
(e) invertebrata darat, rangka luar, rangka hidrostatik (ii) pendek, tebal, nipis, panjang
land invertebrates, exoskeleton, hydrostatic skeleton shorten, thicken, thin, long
2 (a) berat badan/body weight (iv) ke atas, dibengkokkan/upwards, bend
(b) pautan otot, pergerakan/muscle linkage, movement (b) (i) mengecut, mengendur/contracts, relaxes
(c) organ lembut/soft organs (iii) ke bawah, diluruskan/down, straightened
(d) bentuk badan/body shape 12 (a) sendi, otot, aktiviti fizikal/joint, muscle, physical
3 (a) Metamorfosis, perubahan struktur badan activities
Metamorphosis, body structural change (b) sakit lutut/knee pain
(b) penyalinan kulit, ekdisis/changing of skin, ecdysis 13 (a) Peringkat P, bayi/Stage P, baby
4 (a) Bendalir, tekanan, rangka hidrostatik (b) Peringkat S/Stage S
fluids, pressure, hydrostatic skeleton (c) Berat badan dan ketinggian susut
(b) rangka hidrostatik, tekanan, daya apungan Body weight and height is declining
hydrostatic skeleton, pressure, upthrust force 14 (a) (i) Umur 11 tahun/11 years old
5 (a) rangka dalam/endoskeleton (ii) Perempuan mencapai akil baligh lebih cepat
(b) (i) bentuk/shape daripada lelaki.
(ii) berat badan/the body weight Girls achieve adolescent earlier than boys.
(iii) tisu lembut, organ lembut/soft tissues, soft (b) Sekitar umur 16 tahun/Around 16 years old
organs 15
(c) lengkungan pektoral, lengkungan pelvis
Akar sokong Sulur paut Akar cengkam
pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle
Support roots Tendrils Clasping roots
6 (a) akuatik, daya apungan air/upthrust force of water,
aquatic Duri Akar banir Batang berongga
(b) kecil/small Thorns Buttress roots Hollow stems
(c) Vertebrata akuatik, ikan paus/aquatic vertebrates,
16 mengira bilangan gelangan/counting the rings
whales
17 (a) tekanan air, sel-selnya, segah, betik, keembung, sawi
(d) mati, rangka dalam, organ dalaman
water pressure, cells, turgid, papaya, balsam, mustard
die, endoskeleton, internal organs
leaves
7 (a) rangka dalam/endoskeleton
(b) orkid/orchid
(b) 206
(c) timun, peria, cahaya matahari/cucumber, bitter
(c) lengkungan pelvis/pelvic girdle
gourd, sunlight
(d) (i) berat badan/body weight
(d) ros, sokongan/rose, support
(ii) bentuk badan/body shape
18 (a) berkayu, padat, sokongan/woody, compact, support
( iii) sel-sel darah/blood cells
(b) banir, sokongan tambahan/buttress, extra support
( iv) Melindungi/Protects
(c) bakau, akar sokong/mangrove, support roots
(v) pautan otot/muscle linkage
19 (a) sokongan/support
8 (a) tulang berongga, menambahkan kekuatan struktur
(b) ruang udara, batang/air spaces, leaves
tulang/hollow bones, strengthen the bone structure
(c) kurang tumpat, terampai/less dense, suspended
(b) tulang padat, kuat/compact bones, strong
(d) hidrila, lembayung, kiambang/hydrilla, water
lettuce, water lotus
Aktiviti 6.1
Praktis Pentaksiran 6
Perbincangan/Discussion
(a) Kaki silinder berongga/Hollow cylinder legs
Soalan Objektif
(b) Kaki silinder berongga/Hollow cylinder legs
1 D 2 A 3 B 4 D 5 C
(c) Tulang berongga adalah lebih kuat kerana ia dapat
6 D 7 C 8 A 9 B 10 A
menyokong lebih banyak beban.
Hollow bones are stronger because it can support Soalan Subjektif
more weight. 1 (a) & (f)
9 (a) (i) Kedudukan pusat graviti/Position of the centre (b) & (d)
of gravity (c) & (e)

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 2 (a) & (g)
(b) & (e)
(c) & (f)
(d) & (h)
3 (a) Akar bernafas/Breathing roots
(b) Duri/Thorns
(c) Sulur paut/Tendrils
(d) Batang berongga/Hollow stems
(e) Akar cengkam/Clasping roots
(f) Akar banir/Buttress roots
(g) Akar cengkam/Clasping roots
(h) Akar prop/Prop roots

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